question

Some research has shown a link between ADHD and a child's diet, particularly in terms of __________.

answer

fatty acids

question

The nature of growth in middle childhood can best be explained by the words _________.

answer

slow but steady

question

Which of the following treatments is NOT typically used for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

answer

sedative drugs

question

Donna is white, and Lisa is African American. Both girls are 10 years old. Based on general statistics, which girl will grow more rapidly?

answer

Lisa

question

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, girls and boys should engage in the same sports and activities until puberty. At that point, they should participate separately because ________.

answer

the smaller size of females make them more susceptible to injury in contact sports

question

Studies have found that one out of every ________ children and adolescents has/have a psychological disorder that produces some type of impairment.

answer

five

question

________ is characterized by inattention, impulsiveness, low tolerance for frustration, and large amounts of inappropriate activity.

answer

ADHD

question

Blindness is visual acuity below ________ after correction

answer

20/200

question

Robert has a stuttering issue. Which of the following is he most likely to demonstrate in a classroom?

answer

He has a fear of speaking in front of the class.

question

In the United States, variations in height and weight are usually due to __________.

answer

genetics

question

When an individual cycles back and forth between two extreme emotional states, it may be classified as ________.

answer

bipolar disorder

question

Which of the following is a negative aspect associated with treating children with antidepressant drugs?

answer

Little is known about the correct dosage.

question

Kelly is proud to show her mom her practice paper for cursive writing. Cursive writing is an example of a ________ skill.

answer

fine motor

question

Studies show that about ________ of girls age 9 to 10 are trying to lose weight.

answer

40%

question

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the experiential element of the triarchic theory of intelligence?

answer

When presented with new information, Kelly is able to easily compare it to her current knowledge of a topic.

question

Bernadette is in the concrete operational stage of development. She would say that when liquid is poured from one container into another, ___________.

answer

the amount of liquid stays the same

question

Individuals who are classified with mild intellectual disability can reach up to a ________-grade level of education.

answer

sixth

question

________ allows gifted students to move ahead at their own pace even if this leads to the skipping of a grade level.

answer

acceleration

question

Carol uses Vygotsky's approach in her classroom. Which of the following would you expect to see her students doing?

answer

Working in cooperative groups

question

In which of the following situations would it be a good idea to use the keyword strategy to aid in memorization?

answer

Memorizing all the states and their capitals

question

Which of the following demonstrates the idea of reversibility in the cognitive process?

answer

Taylor knows that her lump of clay can be rolled into a ball, then squished to become a long, thin rope, and then clumped back into the original lump.

question

Some researchers argue that Piaget underestimated the capability of children because __________.

answer

his mini-experiments were too limited

question

Tyler is in Stage 4 of the reading process. He is most likely going into ________.

answer

high school

question

Charlie had fallen asleep during class when the teacher said that 5 + 6 = 11 so when he saw the question on the test, he did not know the answer. What phase of memory did Charlie miss during his nap?

answer

encoding

question

In Piaget's view, ________ are organized, formal, logical mental processes that a person acquires during the stages of cognitive development.

answer

operations

question

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was passed by Congress in ________.

answer

1975

question

Most second grade students learn that sometimes they are not the ones miscommunicating; miscommunication may be due to the person communicating with them as well. This realization is an example of ________.

answer

metalinguistic awareness

question

Evan is able to help his friends solve conflicts by introducing ideas that please everyone involved. Evan has achieved the concept of ___________.

answer

social problem solving

question

An individual who invokes universal moral principles that are considered broader than the rules of his or her particular society would be described as using ________ morality.

answer

postconventional

question

According to Damon, friendships in Stage 3 differ from friendships in Stages 1 and 2 in that children in Stage 3 __________.

answer

seek friends who will be loyal

question

In stage 2 of William Damon's stages of friendship, the most important aspect of the relationship is ________.

answer

trust

question

According to social identity theory, minority group members are likely to accept a majority group's negative views of them if they ________.

answer

perceive that there is little possibility of changing the power and status differences between the groups

question

A ________ consists of the rankings that represent the relative social power of those in a group.

answer

dominance hierarchy

question

The collection of social skills that allows individuals to perform successfully in social settings is known as social ________.

answer

competence

question

Which of the following statements demonstrates how a child might reflect his or her self-esteem?

answer

Everyone think I am a nerd.

question

When living in poverty, parents may be less responsive to their children's needs because ________.

answer

they are too busy just trying to get by each day

question

The theory that moral reasoning develops in a sequence of stages was proposed by ________.

answer

Kohlberg

question

The LEAST likely reason for single parenthood is ________.

answer

the death of a spouse

question

Of the following, which ethnic group demonstrates a growth in self-esteem around age 11?

answer

black

question

Whenever Nicole has a playdate, she insists on only playing games that she chooses. Which stage of Gilligan's moral development does this demonstrate?

answer

Orientation toward individual survival

question

What percentage of college students report having had an alcoholic drink in the past 30 days?

answer

75%

question

When a male's facial hair has begun to grow and his voice is deepening, he is developing _____ sex characteristics, or visible signs of sexual maturity.

answer

secondary

question

Adolescents often have emotional reactions to the physical changes occurring in their bodies. For example, among U.S. girls today, menarche is typically accompanied by ________.

answer

increased self-esteem

question

Lucia is 14 years old. What developmental stage is Lucia in?

answer

Adolescence

question

Which of the following is the term for a severe eating disorder in which individuals refuse to eat, while denying that unusual nature of their behavior and skeletal appearance?

answer

Anorexia Nervosa

question

If a person is called or known as a "garbage head," that means that the person ________.

answer

will try anything, especially any kind of drug

question

There are great individual differences in the timing of puberty, but the average age of onset is ________ years for girls and ________ years for boys.

answer

11-12 and 13-14

question

The age of menarche varies according to all but which of the following?

answer

sexual activity

question

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections have the distinction of having been recognized for the longest time and were recorded by ancient historians?

answer

Gonorrhea and syphilis

question

_______ of eighth graders say they have been drunk at least once in their lives.

answer

Nearly one-fifth

question

This area of the brain goes through significant development during the adolescent years, and is not fully developed until around the early 20s.

answer

prefrontal cortex

question

Heather's mother repeatedly suggests that Heather drink milk and eat yogurt and kale, all of which Heather doesn't like. Heather's mother explains that she needs calcium to promote bone growth, which may prevent the later development of osteoporosis, or _________.

answer

thinning of the bones

question

According to research, which of the following is NOT a significant factor influencing the age at which menarche arrives in girls?

answer

The girl's level of academic achievment

question

Melody's father has noticed that since she turned 13, Melody has become argumentative. She seems to enjoy poking holes in other people's ideas. At the same time, she is sometimes indecisive as she considers multiple sides of an issue. This is an example of ________.

answer

Melody's increasing ability to reason abstractly

question

According to Piaget, adolescents in the formal operational stage of development use a different form of reasoning than children in the concrete operational stage. This reasoning uses abstract logic and is called _________.

answer

propositional thought

question

Which of the following is considered a downside to increasing access to the Internet by adolescents?

answer

Internet gambling

question

Over the past decade, independent measures of achievement, such as SAT scores, have not risen, but overall grades in school have risen significantly. The most likely explanation for this is that ________.

answer

instructors are awarding higher grades for the same performance, a phenomenon known as grade inflation

question

Asian cultures tend to view achievement as the consequence of ________.

answer

effort

question

Dropping out of high school can have serious economic consequences. What is the unemployment rate for high school dropouts, and by how much are their average earnings reduced?

answer

50% unemployment; 42% reduction

question

Given the statement "If you hit a glass with a feather, the glass will break," and the information "Debbie hit a glass with a feather," what type of thinking will a child need to use to answer the question, "What happened to the glass?"

answer

Propositional thought

question

Tasha does not worry about drinking and driving because in her ________ she is a careful driver, always in control.

answer

personal fable

question

The No Child Left Behind Act, passed by Congress in 2002, requires that every ________.

answer

U.S. state design and administer achievement tests that students must pass in order to graduate from high school

question

While Piaget proposed that formal operational thought is not fully settled in until around 15 years of age, evidence suggests that some people never fully employ formal operational thinking. Studies show that only _____ of college students and adults achieve formal operational thinking.

answer

40-60%

question

Fifteen-year-old Luther is a good judge of how much time he will need to study for a test. He is also a good judge of how well he has learned material. This demonstrates Luther's level of ________.

answer

metacognition

question

In 2005, approximately what percent of seniors reported average grades of A+, A, or A-?

answer

40%

question

Which scenario best exemplifies the concept of an imaginary audience?

answer

A high school student thinks that everyone in her class is staring at her pimple.

question

While studying self-esteem in adolescents, some developmentalists have considered race and gender simultaneously, coining the term _________, the combined influence of race and gender.

answer

ethgender

question

Overall, the pregnancy rate of teenagers is about _______ births per 1,000.

answer

34

question

Although most parents realize that it is normal for adolescents to assert more independence and control over their own lives, this shift to greater _______ is often difficult for them.

answer

autonomy

question

Jackson completed his last few classes at the local high school but became frustrated when he found it more difficult to choose a college major than he thought it should be. In response, Jackson suggested to his dad that he take a year off before going to college to "figure things out." According to Erikson, Jackson is pursuing a(n) ________.

answer

psychological moratorium

question

One hallmark "task" of adolescence is the desire to establish a sense of ________, which is defined as independence and a sense of control over their lives.

answer

autonomy

question

Adolescents and their peers provide each other with opportunities to engage in _______, a process of comparing and evaluating opinions, abilities, and physical changes in ways that parents and other adults cannot provide.

answer

social comparison

question

Some developmentalists have considered the combination of race and gender as simultaneously affecting an adolescent's self-esteem. They refer to this as ________.

answer

ethgender

question

Adolescents can be classified into four general groups according to how well liked they are by their peers. Those who are actively disliked, and whose peers may react to them in an obviously negative manner, are called _______ adolescents.

answer

rejected

question

Why does the reported rate of teenage suicides actually understate the true number?

answer

Parents prefer to report it as an accident rather than suicide.

question

Fourteen-year-old Janie and her parents are deeply divided in their attitudes, values, aspirations, and world views. This illustrates a phenomenon known as the ________.

answer

generation gap

question

More than a quarter of adolescents experience several symptoms of depression, although only a small minority experience major depression. As is true for adults, _______ struggle more with these problems.

answer

girls

question

Which of the following statements concerning depression in adolescents is accurate?

answer

An adolescent who experiences the death of a loved one or grows up with an alcoholic or depressed parent is at higher risk for depression.

question

Which of the following statements about socialized and undersocialized delinquents is accurate?

answer

Socialized delinquents are highly influenced by peer pressure, and their delinquency often occurs in groups, while undersocialized delinquents typically begin criminal activity well before adolescence.

question

As they grow more confident of their own decisions, adolescents become less likely to conform to ________.

answer

pressure from both peers and parents

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