HCA 465 Final
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Flaws and ambiguities become apparent in a ________
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written report
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A topic that interests one audience may be _______ to another
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insulting
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The journal where you would like to publish your findings should be selected _____ writing the paper
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before
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Find the _______ to learn what the selected journal looks for in an article
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\"instruction for authors\" section
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Some journals _________ to publish research papers
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charge fees
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Publishing in an appropriate journal helps ensure _____ the most appropriate audience
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greatest exposure to
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Choose a journal that is ________ in a major reference source
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indexed
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Which is a medical journal index?
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CINAHL
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What is the term for editors sending copies to a prospective manuscript to consultants who are familiar with the subject area of the paper?
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peer review
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Who may be asked to review the study design and data analysis?
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a biostatistician
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Everybody listed as ________ must have participated in the research and the shaping of the manuscript
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authors
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A good paper is generally rewritten at least _______ times
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3
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What is the first step in writing the paper?
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The outline
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Have copies of all ________ on hand before beginning writing
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reference articles
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Most journals specify _______ for the abstract
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maximum length
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No more than ______ should be given to the problem statement in the abstract
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2 sentences
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The methods section must include enough information to allow ________
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replication of the study
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A complete description of the equipment used to gather data belongs in which section of the paper?
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Methods
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Data analysis procedures and an explanation of why they are appropriate belongs in the ______ section
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methods
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From a philosophical standpoint, study results _________ anything
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do not prove
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Bare facts information is presented in which part of the paper?
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results
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What is the first step in submission for publication?
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Follow the journal's instructions for Authors
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Carefully selected contect experts are called?
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peer reviewers
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What is the stage at which the editors make the manuscript consistent with the journal's style?
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copy editing
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The ______ is a condensed version of a research paper
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abstract
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Where does the abstract appear?
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At the beginning of the publication
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Abstracts of unpublished studies are often submitted to _____ for consideration for presentation
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medical associations
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It is important to _______ in an abstract
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be specific
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Case report abstracts _____ report a case that is uncommon or of exceptional educational value
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must
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Abstracts of what sort of research must include a hypothesis?
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original study
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Abstracts of what sort of research must include an experience summary?
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method, device or protocol evaluation
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Abstracts of what sort of research often include cost comparisons?
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method, device or protocol evaluation
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Abstracts of what sort of research should reflect results of literature review?
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case report
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Abstracts of what sort of research should include a discussion?
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original study, case report
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Most major medical journals require that abstracts be submitted via _______
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internet
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Many journals have a ______ for abstracts
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word maximum
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A common word maximum for abstracts is ____
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300
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What is the first step to writing an outline?
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make an outline
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When the first draft of the abstract is complete, consider how to
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shorten, reorganize
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Abstract titles should be ______
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brief
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What type of study is most accessible to beginner researchers?
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case report
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If multiple cases are reported in the same outline, where does discussion of the primary feature go in the outline?
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after the last case description
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A _____ is more scientifically rigorous than a case report
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clinical series
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Case reports _____ make medical history
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rarely
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Case reports have ___ chance of publication
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little
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The main purpose to the reader of a case report is _______
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education
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The main purpose to the writer of a case report is ______
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practice
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The case report can be an ideal ______
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first paper
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What is necessary when writing a case report?
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reference materials
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A resource often overlooked by those wishing to write a case report is a person with expertise in ______
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writing
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It is not uncommon for case reports to have _____
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several contributors
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Whose name goes first on the author list depends on _____
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who did most of the work
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It is _____ for department supervisors to put their names on everything that comes out of their departments, regardless of involvement
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unprofessional
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Do not include persons on the authors list whose involvement was limited to _____
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basic patient care
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What makes a patient case worthy of a report
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It presents something new
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Case report topics are
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narrow
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What is the third step in case report writing?
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consultation and discussion
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When is a literature search necessary?
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always
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Who must be informed that the patient's case is being considered for publication?
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the patient's physician
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How many authors do most case reports have?
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2 to 4
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What is one of the first things reviewers look at?
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tables and figures
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The first part of a case report is the _____
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statement of the problem
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What is the second part of a case report?
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Presentation of evidence
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The third part of a case report is the ____?
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explanation of the validity of evidence presented
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The fifth part of a case report is the ____.
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Assessment of conflicting evidence
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Why do journals not publish case reports wherein the complications are due to poor patient care, unless that is the focus?
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liability
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Failure to review relevant literature can result in _____
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erroneous premise
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Where do poster presentations occur?
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At medical conventions
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What kind of poster presentation is set up in a large exhibit hall?
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open session
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What is the usual bulletin board size for mounting posters?
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4 x 6
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How high are posters usually mounted?
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2 to 3 feet from the ground
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How are posters usually mounted?
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with thumb tacks
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What do most presenters use to make posters?
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microsoft powerpoint
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How should the poster title be presented?
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in all caps
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How many basic phases of health care research are generally recognized?
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5 (page 4 in book)
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In which phase are health care workers usually involved in health care research?
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1
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Every health care professional must be a _______
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educated consumer of medical research
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The application of research results in the clinical setting is done in the ____ phase of research
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2nd
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Which research phase seeks to determine the effectiveness and safety of clinical treatments in samples of patients drawn from larger populations?
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clinical trials
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What do educators use as the basis for decisions regarding classroom demonstrations and guides?
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students
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Which is an example of a question that should be considered when reading scientific journals?
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does a non-uniformity of patient populations exist
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Research on health care practices leads to the ____ of practitioners.
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reeducation
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Who is accountable to patients, departments, hospital administrators, government agencies, third-party payers, and the public at large?
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all health care professionals
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Which is a health care agency that often sees reduced funding in times of economic austerity?
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FDA
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The identification of gaps between the current state and future state as well as a correction process for eliminating the gaps is ______.
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continuous quality improvement
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Those involved in the research and improvement of health care must use _________
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the scientific method
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What is the purpose of new equipment?
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to satisfy a well-established need
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Who does the final burden of proof as to a product's ultimate function and benefit ultimately fall to?
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the end users
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What is the best thing to do if a person wants to conduct medical research?
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find a mentor
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What kind of research seeks new knowledge and furthers research in an area of knowledge rather than attempting to solve an immediate problem?
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basic research
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Wht kind of research seeks to identify relationships among facts to solve an immediate practical problem?
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applied research
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What kind of research seeks to examine the efficacy of treatments designed to promote health or prevent disease in defined populations?
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demonstration and education research
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In which of the following may the principles of scientific analysis to improve patient care be applied?
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evaluation of new equipment
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What organization requires classes on protection of human subjects and responsible conduct of research for everybody participating in human subject clinical studies funded by the organization?
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The Public Health Service
