question

George Gazda

answer

formed ASGW Assoc. for Specialists in Group Work (division of ACA) (1970s) group leadership influences members/aggressive leaders= group casualitiesdevelpmtal group counseling to teach basic life skills (1980s)

question

definition of a group

answer

collection of 2 or more individuals meet in face2face interaction interdependent awareness of belonging to group purpose to achieve mutually agreed-on goals

question

group work

answer

to reach their mutual goals, which may be intrapersonal, interpersonal, or work related. The goals of the group may include: the accomplishment of tasks related to work, education, personal development, personal and interpersonal problem solving, or remediation of mental and emotional disorders.

question

Purpose of group before 1900s

answer

primarily to distribute information to immigrants, poor, & those mental challenges

question

moral therapy

answer

philosophy of treatment that emphasized treating mentally ill people with compassion and understanding, rather than shackling them in chains (before 1900s)

question

Jane Addams

answer

social worker and leader in the settlement house movement; she founded Hull House in 1889 (Forerunner to T-groups) which helped improve the lives of poor immigrants in Chicago, used to help them understand selves & environment. Now is known as group social work

question

Joseph Pratt

answer

Boston physician, formed the first formal not education/task but counseling/therapy group 1905-1923; formed group with issues of tuberculosis

question

Jesse Davis

answer

the principal of Grand Rapids High School in Michigan designed 1st children's group to stress the funtionality of a group as an environment in which students learn life skills, values, & citizenship. 1907

question

Army Alpha and Beta intelligence test

answer

psychological group test (1909-1919) groups were used to treat fatigued soldier

question

J. M. Levy

answer

actually Jacob Moreno published paper on group methods under that name, stressed the psychoanalytic/social psychological perspectives of individuals working together

question

collective counseling

answer

Adler (1920) child guidance group in Vienna, group approach to understand child's problem were related to family issues

question

Jacob Moreno

answer

WWII produced shortage of counselors in US hence term 'group therapy' & 'group psychotherapy' (1931), father of psychodrama (1920s), found that individuals involved in theatric productions w/o scripts (role-play) had cathartic reaction (curative): "act out feelings" founder, American Society of Group Psychotherapy & Psychodrama (ASGPP) (1940s)

question

1930-1939

answer

Alcoholic Anonymous (AA) formed group guidance & educational publications increased "guidance hour" in schools to establish friendly relationships, discover needs & abilities, & develop right attitude toward home, school, & community group work recognized as a specialty

question

phyloanalysis

answer

Trigant Burrow (leader) studied how social forces affect behavior, stressing biological & interactive principles of group behavior (phylo) (1930s) beginning of psychoanalytic group therapy

question

Samuel Slavson

answer

Originally an engineer, but eventually developed group therapy using play therapy. Founder of American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA)

question

Kurt Lewin

answer

Is credited with the term 'group dynamics' his approach field theory ( interaction btwn individuals & their environment) interested in what motivated individuals. (1940s) help establish basic skills training group which evolved to T-groups (training groups) applied feedback to group work Gestalt psychologists "here & now" group discussions superior to individual instruction for changing people's ideas & behavior

question

Wilfred Bion

answer

focused on group cohesiveness and group dynamics that promoted the progression of a group. broke away from Freud such as family is basic group characterized emotional patterns as work group "W" or basic assumption "BA" anti-work group (1940s)

question

Rudolph Dreikurs

answer

Adler's student, first to discuss the use of group therapy in private practice; also introduced Adlerian principals to the treatment of children - parent groups

question

John Bell

answer

treated family as strangers in group therapy open discussion to solve family problem

question

Virginia Satir

answer

was often empathic with the family. She identified five styles of relating with a family. To explore relationships within the family, she used techniques such as family sculpting and taking a family life chronology. (1950s)

question

Nathan Ackerman

answer

The theory of psychodynamic family counseling, was concerned with the internal feelings and thoughts of each individual as well as the dynamics between then. Prior to Ackerman, it was considered inappropriate to include family members in analytic treatment sessions. cure dysfunction (1950s)

question

Gregory Bateson

answer

known for seeing families in similar ways to machines

question

encounter groups

answer

Carl Rogers personal growth groups emphasizes personal development (1970s) also sensitivity group focuses on individual's awareness of emotions & behavior of others

question

total quality group

answer

work groups in Japan to address quality issues (1950s)

question

marathon group

answer

help individuals to become more honest, real, genuine w/self George Bach & Fred Stoller (1960s)

question

Esalen Institute

answer

Institute established in the 1960s to explore human potential Fritz Perls - Gestalt therapy in group setting

question

Eric Berne

answer

father of Transactional Analysis (TA) - who put Freud in everyday lingo with Parent ego [Superego], filled with shoulds, oughts, and musts to guide morality. (1960s)

question

William Schutz

answer

illustrated through group work those individuals can take care of their interpersonal needs for inclusion, control, and affection through groups and stressed the use of nonverbal communication such as touching or hugging in groups. (1960s)

question

Jack Gibb

answer

studied competitive & cooperative behaviors as contagious in groups; behavior in 1 sparks behavior in others (1960s)

question

Yalom 11 Curative Factors (1971)

answer

-Imparting information -Installation of hope -Universality -Altruism -Corrective reenactment -Development of social interaction techniques -Imitative behaviors -Interpersonal learning -Existential factors -Catharsis -Group cohesion

question

groupthink

answer

Irving Janis created the term to emphasize the detrimental power that groups may exert over member to force them to conform (1971)

question

general (group) system theory

answer

James Durkin (1980s) examines how circular causality (systemically) as opposed to linear causality (cause &effect) can be used in groups

question

Decade of Ethics

answer

1980s Code of Ethics drafted & formed then revised in 1989

question

dialectic behavior therapy

answer

Marsha Linehan (1990s) CBT therapy involves skills training in problem-solving techniques, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills; relatively new treatment for borderline personality disorder and related conditions involving dysregulation and impulsivity

question

cooperative learning groups

answer

a method of instruction that has students working together in groups, usually with the goal of completing a specific task. (1990s)

question

focus groups

answer

small groups of people (representative sample) brought together to talk about issues or candidates. (1990s) Too small to provide estimates of public opinion, but they are useful for testing the appeal of ads, terms, slogans, ect.

question

group leader training

answer

focus on intentional modeling identifying critical incidents for members examining event & member reaction deriving meaning & self-understanding from events applying new understanding towards personal change

question

3 primary contact groups

answer

group guidance: preventive & growth engendering group counseling: preventive, growth, & remedial group psychotherapy: remedial Gazda states group move on continuum

question

TRAC model

answer

delineates group process & management and types of specialty groups nature of management (x-axis): facilitation to leadership nature of group process (y-axis): task achievement to process enhancement

question

TRAC model quadrants

answer

Contacting: process & catalytic function Acquiring: access & expansion of info and awareness Relating: restructure/rehearsal new behavior Tasking: control, efficiency, achievement

question

Johari Window

answer

A model of mutual understanding that encourages disclosure and feedback to increase our own open area and reduce the blind, hidden, and unknown areas.

question

Johari Window Quadrants

answer

I. Open: info known to self & others II. Hidden: info known to self & not others III. Blind: unknown to self & know by others IV. Unknown: unknown to self & others

question

psychoeducation groups

answer

education is treatment & perceptions may change these groups provide education and skill building for growth and prevention, management, and remediation of problems. structured by central theme/particular population used in schools & community and by social services, mental health agencies, and universities,

question

counseling groups

answer

focus on interpersonal process and problem-solving strategies that stress conscious thoughts, feelings, and behavior. remedial, mild, & situational problems outcome: growth & development, self-awareness leader emphasizes "here & now" and encourages growth, helps set goals & create plan to obtain

question

psychotherapy group

answer

It is depth-oriented remedial and rehabilitative for more serious problems. It is supportive, reconstructive, involves depth analysis, is analytical, focuses on the unconsious, emphasis on neurotics and serve emotional problems, and is long term. reconstruct personality or character of members lead by a professional with advanced training.

question

personal growth group

answer

sometimes referred to as support groups, aim to help members cope with particular difficulties. developmental issues that arise in transitions less focused on personality of individuals short-term and intensive for personal growth leader technique increase open communication, increase emotional experience and self-awareness

question

self-help group

answer

Leaderless or nonprofessionally guided groups in which members assist each other with a specific problem, voluntary groups of people who share the same problem (overheating, gambling, drug addiction, etc) - Members meet regularly, often with a therapist present to: - Discuss problems - Share solutions - Give and receive support (ex: Alcoholics Anonymous)

question

task facilitation group

answer

focuses on training & consciousness raising help members develop skills to interact effectively w/ others in task-oriented interpersonal settings leader techniques to increase self-awareness as it relates to sensitivity to others improve functioning tasks center around problem-solving & decision making

question

closed group

answer

Shuts its gates after the start of therapy (or after 1-3 sessions). Often these groups are brief therapy groups. Meet weekly for 6 month or less. Long term closed groups mostly in prisons, etc. promotes cohesiveness

question

open group

answer

New members can join after the group begins, allows for more group stability. Disadvantage is groups members that are added late miss some information or experiences.

question

ideal length of session

answer

1.5 hours, even if critical issues being discussed (for adults). Longer than this people lose attention span/fatigue group members. Children's groups should be shorter and meet more frequently (1hr)

question

ideal size of group

answer

6-8 members, could be less with elementary aged children (3-4)

question

group dynamics

answer

the forces operating in groups that affect the way members relate to and work with one another. the process through which inputs are translated into outputs, influences individual behavior. Lewin thought that many factors contribute to it

question

ideal group duration

answer

6-16 sessions (shorter for children)

question

group content

answer

information within and purpose of the group

question

group process

answer

Refers to interaction (verbal & non-verbal) between the group members. Also includes the different roles that people assume in a group. As the group develops more time is spent on process than content.

question

7 types of group processes

answer

contagion, conflict , anxiety, consensual validation, universality, family reenactment, instillation of hope

question

contagion

answer

an emotional/physical reaction from the group, one member cries other members cry, the communication of an attitude or emotional state among a number of people

question

conflict

answer

all groups experience it; depends on how leader handle it makes a difference

question

consensual validation

answer

checking one's behavior with others; done by questioning, confronting, & affirming individually or with a group

question

subgrouping

answer

two or more members develop a group within a group

question

factors in preplanning a group

answer

• clarifying of purpose: what is the group to accomplish • group setting: an environment that's quiet, comfortable •time & size: how long & how many •membership: heterogeneous or homogeneous •goals: expected or planned outcomes •commitment: voluntary or mandatory •openness: consideration of new ideas & actions •risk taking: willingness to engage new thoughts & behaviors •attitudes: how members & leaders perceive tasks & others

question

content questions

answer

• What do we have to do? • What do we need to do to accomplish our goals? *warm-up

question

process questions

answer

• Who am I? • Who am I with you? *warm-up • Who are we together? *action

question

system terms

answer

• Differentiating: taking care of their needs by themselves • Integrating: doing things with others members constantly deciding to between the two. leader helps members balance between them.

question

group structure

answer

• refers to both the physical setup of a group as well as the interaction of each group member in relation to the group as a whole physical structure should be practical (circle, chain, wheel, Y, theatre style)

question

group exercises

answer

promote a positive atmosphere, used as a catalyst to activate groups, encourage members to take risk, provide learning to move group, help or shift focus, increase risk taking, increase comfortability timing & instruction are everything

question

Theatre of Spontaneity

answer

1st step into psychodrama

question

types of group exercises

answer

verbal interpersonal activities - introducing oneself to the group and answering questions non-verbal interpersonal - "changing seats"—asking select members or an entire group to change seats Intrapersonal activities: an exercise is done alone at first and then shared and explored with others at a later time verbal intrapersonal - draw a picture & share non-verbal intrapersonal - body relaxation techniques

question

group interaction

answer

the way members relate to one another •consists of nonverbal and verbal behaviors and the attitudes that go with them. •The meaning of nonverbal behaviors cannot be assumed • on a continuum, from extremely nondirective to highly directive track who speaks to whom & how often member speaks, observe silence

question

member's role

answer

• "a dynamic structure within an individual (based on needs, cognitions, and values), which usually comes to life under the influence of social stimuli or defined positions" (Munich & Astrachan, 1983, p. 20). manifestation based on that individual's expectation of self and others and the interaction one has in particular groups and situations roles do not define overall identity of individual; though, they influence how they act

question

facilitative/building role

answer

adds to the functioning of the group in a positive way. initiators in the group

question

maintenance role

answer

relationship building group behavior. Supportive, and constructive interpersonal relationships, helps balance

question

blocking role

answer

behavior that inhibits either team performance or that of individual members; anti group/outsider

question

role collision

answer

conflict between the role and individual plays in the ouside world and the one experienced with the group ex. an active participant

question

Role incompatibility

answer

member is given a role within the group that s/he does not want or is comfortable with

question

Role confusion/ambiguity

answer

member does not know what role to perform; this usually happens in a leaderless group

question

Role transition

answer

member expected to move from one role to another as the group progresses and individual doesn't feel comfortable doing so

question

Irvin Yalom

answer

the first specialists in group work to delineate positive primary group variables based on research he conducted with others on therapy groups. positive variables = 11 curative factors

question

sociometry

answer

study of group relationships

question

Yalom's negative group variables

answer

•avoiding conflict: silencing those who disagree w/group •abdicating group responsibilities: takes no responsibility & place all on leader •psychic numbing: anesthetizing to contradictions within the group •becoming narcissistic: encouraging cohesiveness w/ hatred

question

ways to learn group dynamics

answer

• Videotaping • Journaling • Outdoor experiences • Simulation games for team building • Sociometrics • Learning integration

question

3 basic styles of group leadership (Lewin)

answer

authoritarian, democratic, & laissez-faire

question

authoritarian leader

answer

Theory X - leader is the expert, tends to be rigid & conventional in their beliefs, controlling structure: wheel b/c leader centered group emphasis on personality of one giving that person much power & trust (leader-centered) good during crisis or chaos

question

democratic leader

answer

Theory Y - trust members to develop their own potential & others cooperate, collaborate, & share power w/ members self-awareness & develop the guru within (Rogers) good for openness & establishing trust

question

laissez-faire leader

answer

leader does not provide structure or direction for group. group-centered focusing on members & interpersonal processes. slow to establish agenda & set goals used to decrease intimidation, increase like ability usually leads to no accomplishment

question

Theory Z leader

answer

leader that encourage members to participate & trust members to meet individual and collective goals thru interaction

question

leaderless group

answer

group for mutual support, usually end creating some leadership style that is comfortable to the group

question

group leader skills different from individual

answer

facilitating: open up communication protecting: protect member for attack of other members blocking: stop counterproductive behavior

question

linking

answer

intervention used to connect one member to one or more other members. connecting persons with one another by pointing out to them what they share in common.

question

diagnosing

answer

leader identifies certain behaviors & categorizes it. based on leader observation (for example, observation of group blaming instead of productive). leader looks for ways to overcome these behaviors

question

reality testing

answer

member has to make a major decision. other members give input to the member

question

modification

answer

designed to get potentially productive feedback from a group member. member gave negative feedback to the member; leader tries to persuade member to restate feedback constructively

question

delegating

answer

leader gives members task like observing or maybe leading - to share responsibility.

question

creativity

answer

insight, meaning, & synergy occur with it. leaders should be skilled in divergent in ways of thinking & behaving.

question

group leader roles

answer

traffic director: make members aware of behaviors that promote or inhibit communication modeler of appropriate behavior: interactional catalyst: promote interaction w/o saying it (ex. may look at member when needs to respond) communicator facilitator: leader reflect feelings & content

question

withdrawal from conflict

answer

leader distance from conflict & postpones interventions. good for further observation to collect data w/o becoming overly involved. help to avoid taking sides disadv: conflict may escalate & ineffective in dealing with crisis

question

suppressing conflict

answer

down play conflict when issues are minor & unimportant and relationship is more important. disadv: doesn't resolve issue & feeling may erupt later leader may be seen as weak or insensitive

question

integrating conflict

answer

consensus is the idea; get all members to reexamine a situation & identify points of agreement. (ex. mediation -3rd party hears conflict & render decision) increase group commitment disadv: very timely to implement & resistance of members set aside own goals for the group

question

use of compromise to resolve conflict

answer

giving up a little to avoid conflict. win-win in cooperative behavior & collaborative efforts. good when resources are limited & members are flexible (ex. negotiation) disadv: individuals may inflate wants for larger gain & final outcome may ineffective or less desirable

question

use of power to resolve conflict

answer

imposition of one will over another. power is based on status or personality. position power (immature relationships) personal power (mature relationship) individual uses ability to persuade. good to solve problems quickly (limited time) and save relationships & alleviate resentment & revenge

question

co-leadership

answer

Sharing of leadership between two therapists: needed when there are a lot of group members The goal is to increase observations, knowledge and skills, model effective behaviors works best they have similar philosophy & group style

question

advantages of co-leadership

answer

ease of handling difficult situations use of modeling feedback from different perspective helps avoid burnout shared specialized knowledge pragmatics: ability to cover for one another

question

limitations of co-leadership

answer

lack of coordinated efforts too leader focused competition between leaders collusion: co-leader form alliance w/ group member to address disliked qualities of the other leader

question

types of co-leadership

answer

alternated, shared, apprenticed

question

cutting off

answer

used to stop members from continuing to ramble & help focus "you seem to be repeating yourself, see if you can make a sentence & let's hear from someone else." making sure that new material is not introduced into the group too late in the session for the group to deal with it adequately

question

drawing off

answer

directly invites members to comment or give input; used to encourage participation or go deeper "What your thoughts about that"

question

holding focus

answer

helps members focus on specific topic or person for a length of time. "Let's conclude our focus on risk-taking before we move on"

question

Tuckman & Jensen stages (5)

answer

Forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning

question

Gazda stages (4)

answer

exploratory, transition, action, termination

question

Trotzer stages (5)

answer

security, acceptance, responsibility, work, closing

question

Yalom stages (4)

answer

1. orientation 2. conflict 3. cohesion 4. termination

question

Corey stages (9)

answer

formation, orientation/exploration, transition, working, consolidation/termination, follow-up/evaluation

question

Gladding stages (9)

answer

forming/orientation, transition (storming/norming), performing/working, mourning/termination

question

steps to forming a group

answer

Step 1: Developing a Rationale for the Group Step 2: Deciding on a Theoretical Format Step 3: Weighing Practical Considerations Step 4: Publicizing the Group Step 5: Screening and Pre-training and Step 6: Selecting Group Members Step 7. Selecting a Group Leader

question

Tasks of beginning a group

answer

Dealing with apprehension: anxiety Reviewing members' goals and contracts: individual and/or group; restate purpose & have members state goal Specifying more clearly or reiterating group rules (summarizing): rationale behind each rule Setting limits Promoting a positive interchange among members so they will want to continue (Weiner, 1984

question

screening of group members

answer

essential to screen to determine if the group is right for the individual at the particular time. prescreening for group: identify needs, expectations, & commitment challenge myths & misconceptions convey information

question

pre-training

answer

orienting group members on what to expect of the group before it ever meet

question

ideal candidate for group

answer

individual who has a specific goal, who has lessen the fears of a group, who are comfortable with their role & surroundings, must be willing to contribute, mature (immature, self-centered, hostile, closed individual are not ideal for group)

question

heterogeneous vs. homogeneous group

answer

hetero: best for intensive group therapy with focus on personality change homo: best for support & have focused; task groups

question

group leader skills - promoting positive interchange

answer

be enthusiastic drawing out holding the focus on interesting topics shifting the focus when irrelevant/uninteresting cutting off hostile

question

manipulators

answer

subtle ways or not so use of feelings & behaviors members use to get what they want. angry & unresolved issues of control fix: reframing destructive acts in positive way

question

resisters

answer

angry or frustrated & don't wan to participate, act as barriers. fix: drawing out and/or confront & interpret in a reflective manner

question

monopolizers

answer

dominates the conversation of the group, not allowing others to participate fix: cutting off

question

silent members

answer

sign of hostility or shyness, nonassertive reflecting or delay in assessing feelings. fix: drawing out, & acceptance by group

question

users of sarcasm

answer

mask of feelings with smart language; help member express anger more directly & get feedback from other members

question

opening a group

answer

known as the critical incident in the life of the group general lead, opening statement with purpose, intro exercise...Q&A

question

beginning a group - structure

answer

promotes group cooperation, decreases anxiety, inclusion, but restrict responsibility & freedom question is what degree of structure members look to lead for structure & answers

question

beginning a group - involvement

answer

structured exercises are creative way to do it. discussing info & specific concerns to the group helps

question

beginning a group - group cohesion

answer

we-ness, expressive arts best to help; doesn't fully manifest until norming. universality helps also.

question

joining

answer

the process by which members connect with one another psychologically and physically - icebreakers

question

clarifying the purpose

answer

Sometimes members unintentionally bring up material that is not appropriate for a beginning session or the overall purpose of the group

question

transition period

answer

after the forming & before the norming stage (2nd or 3rd session)

question

storming

answer

members begin to compete with others to find their place in the group, involves struggles over power & control, can be overt (e.g., arguing) and covert (e.g., withdrawal), Associated with a lot of fears

question

primary tension

answer

awkwardness about being in a strange group

question

secondary tension

answer

intragroup conflict

question

quiet storming

answer

form of avoidance of conflict, may get stuck if conflict is avoid or dwelled on. then conflict become destructive.

question

conflict resolution

answer

views conflict as negative & destructive; focus is to end it

question

conflict management

answer

conflict can be positive, needs to be direct towards a constructive dialogue. helps overcome resistance, release tension, strengthen relationships

question

informational power

answer

those who know more or "have information" have power

question

influential power

answer

based on persuasion or manipulation to influence

question

authoritative power

answer

influence based on position

question

resistance

answer

behavior that moves the group away from conflict, discomfort, conflict, or potential growth. leader should not react with resistance & defensiveness

question

intellectualization

answer

use of sophisticated words & thoughts to avoid dealing with personal feelings

question

questioning

answer

using questions to disguise statements "safety net" leader can ask members to make "I" statements and phrase questions as a statement

question

advice giving

answer

instructing other member on what to do in order to avoid dealing with own issues

question

band-aiding

answer

misuse of support; overly supportive of others to avoid fully expressing own emotional pain

question

dependency

answer

encourages band-aiders & advice-givers, present themselves as helpless & incapable but will not receive feedback

question

attack on the leader

answer

most direct form of resistance, contribute to subgrouping, could be justified. leader should address immediately & determine underlying variables in a non defensive, open manner

question

task processing in storming

answer

regresses during storming, more focus on personal matters

question

scapegoat

answer

project the group's issues on to one person

question

working thru storming

answer

process observer leveling: draw out silent members & bring understanding to overly active members talk thru as a group feedback (informal - verbal or formal - rounds, logs)

question

conflict management orientations

answer

Competing: dominating Accommodating: appeasing Avoiding: neglecting Collaborating: integrating Compromising: sharing

question

norms

answer

rules or expectations of the group; may be unclear, confusing, ambiguous, restrictive. based on input of everyone

question

relationship in norming

answer

identification here & now experiences: best to help group make progress to deal w/ immediate feelings & interactions hope, cooperation, collaboration, cohesion

question

task processing in norming

answer

goals for members to reach agreement on norms from which the group will operate, also commitment

question

aspects of norming

answer

behaviors & feelings indicate the group is moving toward one another SYMLOG

question

promoting norming

answer

supporting, empathizing, facilitating, self-disclosure results of norming: members feel connected & ready to move on to be productive, have guidelines to operate, feel about themselves & the group

question

working stages

answer

focuses on achievement of goals (individual & group) productivity and movement into unified & productive system 40-60% group time willing to try new behaviors & strategies

question

task processing in working stages

answer

rounds: equal input to express ideas & concerns role-playing: focus on behaviors & consequences ***trust & care vital in role-playing homework: practice outside group setting incorporation: personal awareness & appreciation for the group & accomplishment

question

problem in the working stages

answer

racial & gender issues: conflict result of this group collusion: self-preservation (ex. agrees with the boss to keep from being fired. fix: devil's advocate procedure

question

culturally encapsuated

answer

individuals who hold cultural stereotypes & hold to them and act based on those

question

signs of working stage

answer

sense of trust & cohesion, work in the present, take risks self-disclosing, deal with conflict, open & honest communication & feedback w/o fear, accept responsibility for their role

question

assisting in working stage

answer

modeling by leader, exercises group observing group: fishbowl procedure brainstorming, nominal-group technique (NGT): comes with individual ideas then create system to choose collective idea synectics: excursion - members take a break to engage in fantasy, present ideal situation to group group processing, teach skills

question

outcome of working stages

answer

achieved goals, combined group vision, learning & sharing of ideas & info among members. humor is helpful in the working stages

question

corrective emotional experience

answer

another benefit of the working stage. member takes risk to express strong emotion, group helps member recognize inappropriateness of certain feelings & behavior or avoidance of it.

question

primary activities of termination

answer

reflect on their past experiences evaluate what has been learned process memories, acknowledge ambivalent feelings engage in cognitive decision making (Wagenheim & Gemmill, 1994) practice how you want to say "good-bye" you get to have a choice about how you want to say "goodbye"

question

proper termination

answer

Proper preparation for ending a group begins in the planning stage. Termination occurs on two levels in groups: at the end of each session, and at the end of a certain number of group sessions

Group Counseling Mid-Term – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards