question

All of Earth's frozen water is called the ________ sphere

answer

cryo

question

In terms of the total global supply of water, how much of it is in circulation at any one time?

answer

a small percentage

question

A localized zone of saturation which develops above an aquiclude is called a

answer

perched water table

question

Most of Earth's water is stored ________

answer

on the surface in liquid form

question

Of the Earth's liquid water inventory, most of the fresh water is stored in the form of

answer

glacial ice

question

A single oscillation of the tides (from low tide to high tide and back again) takes about ________ hours

answer

12

question

The Amazon has the greatest discharge in the world. Which river has the second greatest discharge?

answer

the Zaire (Congo)

question

This part of the world is noted for large lakes caused by Earth's crust splitting and by volcanic activity

answer

Eastern and central Africa

question

Clay has a high ________ and low ________ because it has a great many, small interstices. 9

answer

porosity, permeability

question

Which seawater has been found to have the least density

answer

seawater near the botto

question

Ice, when it is frozen year-round in the ground, is termed ________.

answer

permafrost

question

Which of the following is found closest to the surface of Earth?

answer

the zone of aeration

question

The world's largest lake, fresh or saline, is ________

answer

tthe Caspian Sea

question

Lakes which contain water only a fraction of the time are called ________.

answer

ephemera

question

Europe's longest river is the ________.

answer

Volga

question

Which of the below would do most to affect the components of the hydrologic cycle to the greatest 16) extent for the Earth as a whole?

answer

the onset of an ice age

question

The "world ocean" spreads over ________ of Earth's surface

answer

three-quarters

question

Thawing permafrost sometimes degenerates into ________.

answer

wet thermokarst

question

The top of the saturated zone of ground water is called the ______

answer

water table

question

The highest tides occur when the _______

answer

Earth, Sun, and Moon are lined up

question

A swamp and a marsh ________.

answer

are sometimes related to the infilling of a lake

question

Most of the surface of the Arctic Ocean is covered by ________ ice

answer

pack

question

By far, the lake with the greatest volume of freshwater is ________.

answer

Lake Baykal

question

The ________ is a prominent location of sinking water in Earth's thermohaline circulation.

answer

Arctic

question

Asia's longest river is the ________.

answer

Yangtze

question

Approximately _______ percent of all continental water flows into the oceans

answer

7

question

North America's largest lake is ________

answer

Lake Superior

question

Which of the following is the form of nitrogen that is readily available for plants?

answer

nitrates

question

Carbon is fixed in the biosphere through ________ into carbohydrate compounds

answer

photosynthesis

question

The term hydrosphere describes one of the Earth's "spheres" and it includes all of the________. 3

answer

water on Eart

question

In the selva, the vegetation is ________.

answer

dominated by broadleaf evergreen trees

question

Which ocean is surrounded by most of the world's major volcanoes?

answer

Pacific

question

The driving force behind all life cycles in the entire biosphere is

answer

the Sun

question

Most atmospheric free nitrogen is cycled to Earth by means of ________. 3

answer

none of the abov

question

Of the total solar energy reaching the Earth, ________ percent is fixed by photosynthes

answer

<1

question

Atmospheric nitrogen which can be assimilated by plants is ________ nitrogen

answer

fixed

question

Why is the Linnaean system of limited interest to geographers?

answer

not based on distribution

question

The conversion of recyclable components within the biosphere takes place ___

answer

in all of the above ways

question

Of the main nutrients in the biosphere, the one that is "fixed" inside nodules in certain plant roots is ________.

answer

nitrogen

question

For about the last ________ years, Earth has had about the same balance of chemical components that now persists.

answer

1 billion

question

Which of the following is (are) important concerning edaphic influences on plant

answer

all of the above

question

Which components are necessary for photosynthesis to occur

answer

carbon dioxide, light, and water

question

The effects of wildfires

answer

are usually temporary

question

The North and South polar ice packs ________ in size during their respective winter sea

answer

double

question

According to the food chain concept, it takes ________ kilograms of plankton to make one kilogram of weight gain in a human

answer

1,00

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of climatic influence on the biosphere? 4

answer

Edaphic conditions

question

________ is the term for the total complex of plant and animal life in an area

answer

Biota

question

The biogeochemical cycles are considered to have been in a planetwide steady-state condition for the last ________ billion years.

answer

one billion

question

Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?

answer

oxygen cycle

question

Of the biogeochemical cycles which have been interfered with by the actions of humans, which is thought to be likely to have the most far-reaching effects on the biosphere?

answer

carbon

question

_______ total (major plus minor) zoogeographical regions are generally recognized

answer

Nine

question

In the interior of the ________ biome one would find the aroma of mold and decomposition, high humidity, and much plant litter of the forest floor.

answer

Tropical rainforest

question

Humans fit into the food pyramid as ________.

answer

the apex of the pyramid

question

Net primary productivity is greatest in the oceans ________.

answer

where nutrients are greatest

question

The boundary between middle latitude forest and middle latitude grassland is most closely related to the concept of the ________.

answer

ecotone

question

______ are the most abundant on earth

answer

Anthropods

question

Except in the rainy tropics, virtually all needle leaf trees are

answer

Evergreen

question

Authorities commonly accept _____ biomes

answer

11

question

Amongst the biochemical cycles which can be said to operate rapidly

answer

carbon dioxide

question

Net primary productivity is measured in ______ per year

answer

kilograms per square meter

question

_________ involves two dissimilar organisms living together with not injury to eachother. An example is a burrowing owls sharing the underground ho,es of prairie dogs.

answer

Commensalism

question

Most of the. Srbon near earths surface is held in

answer

geologic deposits

question

Whichis amount the snatural means of dispersal seeds

answer

all of the above

question

Organic matter usually comprises about _______ percent of total soil volume

answer

5

question

Which of the following characteristics is closely associated with mammals and birds but not other groups of animals

answer

they are endothermic

question

Plants that live above the ground and out of contact with the soil, usually growing on trees and shrubs are

answer

epiphytes

question

Which statement is true?

answer

Valley bottoms tend to have riparian vegetation

question

Xerophytes are plants of the ___ region

answer

desert

question

After the rain forest is cleared for agiculture, the most typical occurrences that

answer

the soils soon lose their fertility

question

The highest rated soils for overall agricultural productivity are the

answer

Mollisols

question

Plants adapted to environments with surplus moisture are called ________

answer

hygrophytic

question

Which of the following represents an addition to soil water?

answer

percolation

question

No other element of the physical landscape has been so transformed and rearranged by human interference as the ________

answer

water

question

Utisols are generally lack ________

answer

humuns

question

Soil structure is usually determined by clumps called ________.

answer

peds

question

________ is a soil texture in which none of the three main soil separates dominates the other two.

answer

loam

question

The smallest-sized pieces of a soil are ________.

answer

clays

question

The boreal forest in subarctic locations is the typical setting for ________

answer

podsolization

question

A major determinant of a soil's water holding capacity is its ________.

answer

colloids

question

Globally, the influence of this soil-forming factor fades with time.

answer

geologic

question

Foraminifera study has shown the oceans are becoming ________.

answer

more acidic

question

Most of the lakes in the north central United States exist as a result of

answer

glaciation

question

The Great Salt Lake in Utah is ________.

answer

without a natural drainage outlet

question

The oceans contain approximately ________ percent of all water on Earth.

answer

97

question

The water table is the top of the

answer

saturated zone

question

The pedogenic regime associated with high annual precipitation and temperature is _______

answer

laterization

question

Mollisols are, on the whole, the most ________ of all soil orders

answer

productive

question

Whenever there is an active well, the water table will be drawn downward to a(n) ________.

answer

cone of depression

question

There are approximately ________ known species of birds

answer

9,000

question

Most of North America, including the U.S.A. and Canada, lies within the ________ zoogeographic 90) realm

answer

Nearctic

question

The richest assemblage of flora and fauna outside the tropics are in the ________ biome.

answer

midlatitude deciduous fores

question

Which cycle has been significantly altered by humans?

answer

all of the abov

question

The major biome characterized by relative absence of trees is the ________.

answer

all of the above

question

________ is (are) a common feature of the hydrology of tropical rainforests.

answer

B) Swamp

question

________ is the soil order covering the greatest surface area on Earth

answer

Aridosols

question

The energy source for the biosphere is

answer

light from the Sun

question

The soils which are red with a surface layer containing much aluminum and iron are ________.

answer

Ultisols

question

Plants are eaten by ________

answer

herbivores

question

In which type of environment does the number of species tend to be the greatest?

answer

places with moderate temperature

question

The egg-laying mammals of the Australian region are the ________.

answer

B) monotreme

question

________ were more important in past Earth history; today, the only large, surviving varieties are cone-bearing trees such as pines.

answer

Gymnosperms

question

Ungulates are ________.

answer

hoofed animal

question

Weak, pliable stems which do not give support to a plant are an identifying characteristic of a

answer

hygrophyte

question

________ is a floralistic association usually found in slightly drier climates than the forest floralistic association.

answer

Woodland

question

The main pedogenic regimes do NOT include ________

answer

colloidization

question

) 106) ________ is least available to plants because it is held in chemical combination with the minerals in the soil

answer

C) Combined water

question

The pedogenic regime associated with the tropical moist climates is ________.

answer

B) laterization

question

The most weathered and leached of all soils are the ________.

answer

C) Oxisols

question

Based on the pH scale soils are neutral at ________

answer

A) 7.

question

Within the zone of saturation is found water known as ________

answer

groundwater

question

) The Arctic Ocean contains about ________ percent of Earth's total ocean water.

answer

4

question

The main value of the extensive terminology of the Soil Taxonomy is its ________.

answer

basis in observable characteristic

question

The present binomial system of biological classification was devised by

answer

Linnaeus

question

In Earth history, how many species are estimated to have become extinct?

answer

five hundred million

question

An important soil order, the ________ are mainly restricted to the tropics.

answer

C) Oxisols

question

Which of the following concerning the Ogallala is FALSE?

answer

It is the largest water supply in Mexico

question

The Linnaean system of classification is ________.

answer

hierarchical

question

) ________ is the country with the largest expanse of tropical rainforest

answer

Brazil

question

The "A" horizon or combined "O/A" horizons of the soil are known as the ________.

answer

epipedon

question

The main "type" of water plants use is ________.

answer

capillary

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