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the European Acquisition of European empires was

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a significant event

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Native American Societies didn't have natural immunities to diseases of the world such as

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small pox, measles, and the flu

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the Europeans had developed some immunities to these diseases bc the diseases stemmed from animals and

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the Europeans would sleep with their animals

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When the Native Americans came in contact with European or African diseases the Native American people

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died off in huge numbers

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on the densely settled Caribbean islands almost every

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Native American died

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Hispaniola would be completely wiped out by diseases within

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50 years of Columbus finding it

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10 million to 1 million people was the population of America, it decreased bc

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Native Americans dying

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With all these deaths there will be a

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social breakdown

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many people died from a famine bc they were

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too weak to go outside and tend to the crops

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the situation was the same in N. America and

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S. America

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there were some Europeans who saw the great dying off as

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the working of God

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they though this was God saying that the Europeans coming to the land and taking over and God was making it easier

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by letting the Native die

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wont be until the late part of the 17th century when the

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Natives would start to reemerge

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this great dying created an

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acute labor shortage

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this labor shortage in turn encouraged immigrants from Europe to

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come to America

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the labor shortage was also partially responsible for the enslaving and

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bringing Africans to the new world

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intermarriage and the birth of children would

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occur

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this intermarriage and birth would lead to

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the creation of whole new societies that had not previously existed

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Europeans and Africans brought more than diseases to the new world, they also brought

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1. plants 2. Europeans brought animals such as cows, sheep, and goats 3. Europeans brought sugar cane, grapes, and many garden vegetables like apples, pears

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these crops that they brought would

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transform the landscape

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these crops made possible the

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European diet and way of life

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these crops were successful in North America because

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of the latitude

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these animals they brought multiplied easily bc the land was

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free of natural predators

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these animals made possible the

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ranching economies and the cowboy style

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horses transformed many

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native American societies

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Pawnee Indians were a farming culture, they did not

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hunt

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when the Pawnee Indians got a hold of horses they abandoned their

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fields and had the horses hunt bison

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the Pawnee women lost their place in Pawnee society bc they had no job now that

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the bison was the main market

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bc of the hunting of Bison a male warrior culture became

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a thing

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the Columbian exchange is the

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bringing of animals and plants

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American food crops such as __________, _____________, ______________, and ___________ would find their way to the old world to Africa and to Europe

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1. corn 2. tomatoes 3. potatoes 4. cassava

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these crops grew quite well in

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Europe and Africa

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the potato would become the sole food of the majority of people in

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Europe

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Blight

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a fungus that was in potato crops. A 5 year period where there would be little potatoes that were grown.

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the potato famine was also known as

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the great hunger

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in Africa there were

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potatoes and cassava

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the European word for corn is

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maize

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the term corn in Europe refers to grains like

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wheat, rye, and barley

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the Europeans think of corn not as a food for humans but food for

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animals

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tomatoes were a product that came from the Americas to

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Europe

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tomatoes were regarded as something women could not or should not eat bc it was seen as too

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sexual a product

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it was seen that if women ate a tomato they would become over

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sexed

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there were stimulants like _______, ________, _________, they made their way from the new world to the old world

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1. coffee 2. chocolate 3. tobacco

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these stimulants would become very

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popular

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this Columbian exchange played an important role in

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food and animals

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in the new world there were

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enormous silver mines

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the silver mines would be used by Spain unsuccessfully in an

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attempt to dominate Europe

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the Chinese participated in this global exchange by

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1. they would demand payment in silver and gold from Europeans for anything they got from China 2. the Europeans wanted the porcelain and tea that the Chinese produced

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As the Europeans colonize we will see North and South America setting up plantations to grow items that were desired in the old world such as

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tobacco, sugar cane

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they needed workers for the plantations, these workers would be

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the African slaves

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the slave trade was a

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race based slavery

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they brought workers from

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Africa to the colonies

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the slaves worked on

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sugar, tobacco, and cotton plantations

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the slave trade provided a lasting link between

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Africa, Europe,and the Americas

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the Columbian exchange gave rise to something new which was an

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economy that connected 4 different economies

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the 4 different economies that it connected were

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N. America S. America Europe Africa kind of Asia

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millions of years ago the continents had been connected, but then they drifted a part and remained separate until

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Columbus' voyage to the new world

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the colonization, the products that the plantations would generate would lead to a connective that would lead to

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an explosion in the economy

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this explosion did not affect all people equally, for example

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1. Africans were enslaved 2. Native Americans land as taken from them 3. it will be the western Europeans who will be the dominant players in this relationship

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there will be ways of thinking that come about such as

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the scientific revolution

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the wealth that will be generated will provide the wealth for the

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industrial revolution that will occur

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vast numbers of Europeans would immigrate to the

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Americas

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the Europeans brought their way of life and way of thinking to the

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new world

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western Europe would come to be the

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dominant force

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whole new societies as a result of so many natives dying off and the introduction of European and

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African people in their culture

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the Europeans would develop an economic system called

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Mercantilism

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Mercantilism

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was the belief that economies provided a market as well as raw materials for the country

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under the system of Mercantilism the goal of a European country was to accumulate as much

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gold and silver as possible

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Bullion

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accumulating as much gold and silver as possible

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a country that had a lot of bullion was

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wealthy

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Mercantilism was very important to the English and French but it was not important to the

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Spanish

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Mercantilism was not important to the Spanish bc

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they had very few manufactured goods to sell

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by kicking out the Jews and Muslims meant that the Spanish had lost their

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root of craft

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the French, Dutch, and the British had

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lumber, fish, changing sugar cane to rum, tobacco

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the French, Dutch, and British used these goods to make

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finished goods

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lumber was used for

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ship building and furniture

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tobacco was packaged and treated to be able to

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use for smoking or the making of cigars

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French, British, and Dutch they made manufactured goods in their countries and then

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sold them in their markets

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there were a lot of variations in the

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colonial empires

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the types of settlements that existed in the colonies also made a

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difference

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women and men had different experiences in

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these colonies

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women in the Spanish colonies would find the role they play very

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small

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in Spanish colonies there were very few women who

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immigrated to the new world

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in N. America colonies had much more of a

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bringing over

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the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca gave the Spanish access to the most

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populated areas in the western hemisphere

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it would be almost a century after the Spanish begin colonizing the Americans that the

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British and French would become involved

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the Spanish had already founded a dozen major cities and universities and a bureaucracy and hundreds of cathedrals and churches that were operated efficiently before

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the French even got there

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so why didn't the Spanish become the world power since they were so ahead?

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1. bc the Spanish did not develop a system of manufacturing in Spain itself so that they could take advantage of the natural resources they own 2. Also the Spanish were not willing to grant self-government to their colonies 3. they relied primarily or native workers to work in the mines and ultimately this proved to be unsuccessful

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the system the Spanish put in place was

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Encomienda

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Encomienda

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a legal system in which the Spanish King granted to Spanish settlers a number of people they could employ

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they were supposed to treat the natives respectively and instruct then in the

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Christian faith

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many Indians refused to

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work for the Spanish

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male Spanish settlers were the

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Peninsulares

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the male Spanish regarded themselves as

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residents of spain

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Peninsulares

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those who lived in the Americas but were from Spain

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the list goes

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1. Spanish male officials 2. Peninsulares 3. Creoles 4. Indians

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Creoles are

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Spaniards born in the new world - children

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they really cared about the purity of their blood making sure

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that their offspring was not contaminated with the sex of someone who had native American or indian blood

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Mestizos

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mixed race of people

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Mestizos are initially unions of

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Spanish men and Native American women

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Mestizos felt that their children might be protected by the

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harsh demands made on native people

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Mestizos were treated better than

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full blooded Native Americans

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Mestizos would become the

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majority of Mexico

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Mestizos were divided into

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Castas by skin color

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Mestizos were mostly

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Hispanic

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Indians were subject to

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a lot of abuse

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Indian women were defined by Spanish legal codes as

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minors - not responsible adults

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the diet of Native Americans did not change it was

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corn, beans, and squash

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Indians who acquired wealth and an education and acquire some European culture they could

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pass as Mestizos

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was a more fluid and culturally blended society than in

answer

North America

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