Grammar: APPOSITIVES & APPOSITIVE PHRASES – Flashcards
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APPOSITIVE
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a noun or pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identity or describe it; commas are generally used with appositives that refer to proper nouns
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APPOSITIVE
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a word or phrase that describes the word before it
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The cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was the first person in space.
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Yuri Gagarin [The noun "Yuri Gagarin" identifies the noun cosmonaut.]
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I chose one person, her, to organize the volunteers.
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her [The pronoun "her" refers to the noun person.]
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commas are generally used with appositives that refer to proper nouns Rachel Carlson, a biologist and writer, published the book Silent Spring in 1962.
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[The nouns "biologist" and "writer" describe the proper noun Rachel Carlson. The noun "Silent Spring" identifies the common noun book.]
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APPOSITIVE PHRASE
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consists of an appositive and its modifiers
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Officer Webb, one of the security guards, caught the burglar.
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one of the security guards [The adjective phrase "of the security guards" modifies the appositive "one".]
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Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian painter known for his artworks, was an architect, engineer, and scientist.
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an Italian painter known for his artworks [The article "an", the adjective "Italian", and the participial phrase "known for his artworks" modify the appositive "painter".]
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Appositives and appositive phrases that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence are set off by commas. If the appositive is essential to the meaning, it is generally not set off by commas. (flip card)
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My sister, Lana, has blond hair. [The writer has only one sister. The appositive is not essential to identify the sister. Because the information is nonessential, it is set off by commas.] My sister Lana has blond hair. [The writer has more than one sister. The appositive is necessary to tell which sister is meant. Because this information is essential to the meaning of the sentence, it is not set off by commas.]
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Joey, a nice person, ate pizza.
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a nice person
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Our grammar elf, the teacher, left school.
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the teacher
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Emma's dog, Zach, ate too much.
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Zach
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Emma's dog Zach ate too much.
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Zach
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The girl, who won the award, bit Judah.
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who won the award
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We watched the movie Girls Rule.
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Girls Rule
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Preston, a really stupid person, is really ugly.
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a really stupid person
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I think Judah watched the movie Girls Rule and Boys Suck!
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Girls Rule and Boys Suck
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My dog, the mutt with the floppy ears, can do tricks.
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the mutt with the floppy ears - dog
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Tacos, one of the most popular Mexican dishes, is served here.
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one of the most popular Mexican dishes - tacos
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My twin, Daniel, rode in a Mardi Gras parade.
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Daniel - twin
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Those two men, a truck driver and a sailor, helped my father push the car off the road.
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a truck driver and a sailor - men
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I'll have a sandwich, tuna salad on rye bread, please.
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tuna salad on rye bread - sandwich
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Miguel has the same class, American History, this afternoon.
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American History - class
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Barbara Jordan, one of my heroes, was a strong champion of both civil and human rights.
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one of my heroes - Barbara Jordan
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Shelley asked everyone where her friend Bianca had gone.
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Bianca - friend
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Somebody reported the hazard, a pile of trash containing broken bottles, to the police.
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a pile of trash containing broken bottles - hazard
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Be sure to bring exact change, fifty cents.
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fifty cents - change
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They sang the song "I've Been Working on the Railroad" over and over all the way down the path.
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"I've Been Working on the Railroad" - song
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Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, is a major tourist center.
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the capital of New Mexico - Santa Fe
