Grade 11 Earth Science Chapter # 1 – Flashcards
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The study of the solid Earth is called
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GEOLOGY
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The Earth scientist most likely to study storms is
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METEOROLOGIST
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The study of the complex relationships between living things and their environment is
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ECOLOGY
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An example of a non biodegradable waste product is
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A PLASTIC MILK JUG
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The first step in scientific problem solving is to
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STATE THE PROBLEM
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A possible explanation for the scientific problem is called
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THEORY
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The development of the Meteorite-Impact Hypothesis began with the observation of
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IRIDIUM IN EARTH ROCKS
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A statement that consistently and correctly describes some natural phenomenon is a
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SCIENTIFIC LAW
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The apparent change in the wavelengths of a moving energy source is called
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DOPPLER EFFECT
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Scientists have found that as a light source moves TOWARD a stationary observer, the wavelengths of the light source appear
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SHORTER
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The Big Bang Theory states that the galaxies in the universe are
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MOVING AWAY FROM ONE ANOTHER GALAXIES ARE EXPANDING
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Evidence fro the Big Bang Theory includes
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RED SHIFT IN THE SPECTRA OF GALAXIES
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1.1 Four Major Branches of Earth Science
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Geology Oceanography Meteorology Astronomy
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2. What is the relationship between Earth Science & Ecology?
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EARTH SCIENCE is the study that states NATURAL PHENOMENA can be discovered through observation and experimentation. ECOLOGY is the study of living things and their environment.
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3. What does a Meteorologist do?
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A METEOROLOGIST uses satellites, radar and modern technology to study weather.
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4. What is Ecology?
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ECOLOGY is the study of living things and their environment.
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5. An example of an ECOSYSTEM
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The ocean is an example of an self-supporting ecosystem because each plant and animal feed off each other to survive.
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How can Earth Science contribute to the survival of the Biosphere?
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The BIOSPHERE is all life on Earth and the environment that supports it. We learn about Earth Science through observation and experimentation.
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What does a Geologist study?
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GEOLOGISTS study the Earth's crust in search of resources like coal, oil, gas. They study earthquakes and volcanoes and fossils.
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What is Oceanography?
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OCEANOGRAPHERS study waves, tides and ocean currents and marine and animal life.
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What do Astronomers study?
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ASTRONOMERS use earth based and space based telescopes to study the universe.
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Name Space Probes
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Pioneer 10 Voyager 2 Galileo Ulysses Cassini
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Why is Earth Science Important?
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EARTH SCIENCE helps you understand how natural forces that shape our environment, forecast disasters and save lives/property. EARTH SCIENCE helps us gain access to Earth's resources and teaches us how to use them wisely. ex: fuel for a jet, metal for instruments, paper and ink.
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What makes up Ecology?
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Geosphere - Earth Hydrosphere - Water Atmosphere - Gases Surrounding Earth
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What is a Biosphere?
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The largest ecosystem is a biosphere. ex: Tropical Rain Forest where plants in forest use sunlight to produce food. Plants are eaten by animals. Other animals eat those animals.
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What is pollution?
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POLLUTION is the contamination of the environment with waste products or impurities.
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What are biodegradable products?
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BIODEGRADABLE products can be broken down by micro-organisms into harmless substances used by other organisms. ex: Banana peels and Eggshells can be plant fertilizer
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What does plastic do to ocean life?
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PLASTICS gets ingested and clogs digestive tracts of fish, birds and turtles. Ducks and birds can starve when they are caught in plastic.
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How do we protect our environment?
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Meteorologists discovered that our OZONE LAYER that protects Earth's plants and animal life from ultraviolet rays from the Sun was decreasing. ex:chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in Aerosol Sprays deplete Ozone Layer
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1.2 Identify the steps that make up Scientific Method.
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State Problem Gather Information Form a Hypothesis Test Hypothesis State a Conclusion
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2. What is a Hypothesis?
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A HYPOTHESIS is a possible explanation of the problem based on facts. ex: 65 Billion years ago, a meteorite crashed on Earth. The impact blocked the Sun's rays for many years and the Earth became colder. Plants died and animals. As the dust settled over the Earth it formed IRIDIUM.
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3. What does a Hypothesis need to be accepted by Scientific Community?
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A Hypothesis needs evidence to support it. This is gathered through experiments.
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4. Explain Meteorite-Impact Hypothesis
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A huge meteorite crashed into the Earth with enough force to cause explosions. Dust from the impact blocked the Sun and led to the extinction of the dinosaurs. IRIDIUM found in meteorites was found in fossils of dinosaurs.
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4. What other evidence did Scientists find to support Hypothesis about dinosaurs?
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Scientists found particles of QUARTZ that was only found in meteorites. QUARTZ was produced by a powerful explosion which was the meteorite hitting the Earth.
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What is observation?
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OBSERVATIONS use sight, touch, taste, hearing and smell to gather information.
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What is an important way to gather information?
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MEASUREMENT involves comparison of object with a standard unit. ex: measuring a rock = 20 cm long
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What is the difference between Accuracy and Precision?
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ACCURACY is how close you are to being correct. PRECISION is the unit of measurement.
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How did scientists determine what happened to dinosaurs?
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Scientists examined fossils and discovered they contained IRIDIUM found in meteorites.
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What is an Experiment?
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An EXPERIMENT is a scientific procedure carried out according to guidelines.
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What is a Variable?
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A VARIABLE is a factor in an experiment that can be changed.
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What is a control?
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A CONTROL has the same condition as the variable but is not tested.
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What does a Conclusion State?
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A CONCLUSION states the possible explanation.
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1.3 What is the difference between a Hypothesis, Theory and Scientific Law?
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HYPOTHESIS has been tested and accepted and leads to a THEORY. THEORY is a HYPOTHESIS that is supported by results of experimentation and observation. A well established theory through research and experiment becomes SCIENTIFIC LAW. SCIENTIFIC LAW is a rule that correctly describes natural phenomenon.
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2. What is the DOPPLER EFFECT?
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Shifts of wavelengths of energy emitted by an energy source moving TOWARD or AWAY from an observer is the DOPPLER EFFECT.
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3. What is the BIG BANG THEORY?
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A BIG BANG sent all matter and energy hurtling outward toward a giant cloud. Some matter formed clumps of galaxies.
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4. What happened in 1960 to support BIG BANG THEORY?
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Scientists used radio telescopes and detected low energy called background radiation evenly distributed throughout expanding universe. This convinced Scientists of the BIG BANG THEORY.
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5. What would happen if Scientists discovered BLUE in the spectra? STB
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BLUE shift in the spectra would mean that galaxies were moving TOWARD the Earth. This would mean the universe was SHRINKING.
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Name an example of a meteorite hitting Earth.
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Meteor Crater in the Arizona Desert, 1,300 m in diameter, 200 m deep. Proof of explosive power of meteorite.
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Who discovered the colors of the rainbow or spectrum?
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NEWTON observed sunlight passing through a glass prism produced red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet.
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What is a wavelength?
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A wavelength is the distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next wave.
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What has the longest wavelength?
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RED has the LONGEST wavelength.
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What has the shortest wavelength?
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VIOLET has the SHORTEST wavelength.
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What is a bright line spectrum?
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BRIGHT LINE SPECTRUM is chemical elements that are heated produces a thin colored line of uneven intervals.
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What happens what a light source is moving TOWARD an observer? STB
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The wavelengths of light appear to be SHORTER when moving TOWARD observer or BLUE end of spectrum.
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What happens when a light source is moving AWAY from observer? LAR
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The wavelengths of light appear to be LONGER when moving AWAY from observer or RED end of spectrum.
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What is a spectroscope?
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A SPECTROSCOPE contains a prism which splits starlight into a spectrum of different colors and wavelengths.
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What did Scientists do with the spectroscope?
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Scientists were able to determine elements that make up ***STARS*** Sun = 92% Hydrogen, 8% Helium
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What did Scientists find out about galaxies? LAR
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Most galaxies shifted toward the RED end of the spectrum meaning galaxies are moving AWAY from Earth. Scientists found distant galaxies showed great RED shift and were moving AWAY from Earth fast. This means the universe is EXPANDING.
