GPS EXAM 3 – Flashcards
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Islam supplanted family, clan, and tribal communities and created a new community of believers that was called:
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the umma.
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The Prophet Muhammad had many components to his teaching: which of the following best represents the central idea of those components?
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That the Day of Judgment was imminent
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What spurred Islam's remarkably rapid territorial expansion under the "rightly guided" caliphs?
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Its warriors driven by religious enthusiasm and a desire to acquire the wealth of conquered territories
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What was the impact of the Five Pillars of Islam on regional political structures?
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They created a doctrinal and legal structure for the empire
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Which of the following accurately characterizes sharia law?
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Sharia law placed the ulama at the heart of Islam as they, rather than rulers, became the lawmakers
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Which of the following accurately describes Abbasid culture?
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The Abbasids encouraged mathematicians, who pioneered advances in arithmetic, geometry, algebra, and trigonometry.
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Which of the following accurately describes Ibn Sina's scholarship?
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Ibn Sina wrote the standard medical text used in both Southwest Asia and Europe for centuries.
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Which of the following accurately describes the origins of the Fatimid regime?
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The Fatimids began when a Shiite religious and military leader overthrew the Sunni ruler in Egypt.
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Which of the following accurately reflects slavery in Islamic society between 1000 and 1300 CE?
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Slaves served as seafarers, soldiers, domestics, and plantation workers.
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Which of the following best characterizes the role and position of women in early Islamic society?
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Women had a shifting status as patriarchy was only starting to emerge in the Arabian communities.
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Which of the following reflects the attitude exhibited by Muslim rulers toward Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians, as long as they accepted Islam's political rule?
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Non-Muslims were free to choose their own religious leaders and settle internal disputes
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Which of the following shows the impact of Ibn Rushd's work outside of the Muslim world?
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His thinking about faith and reason heavily influenced Thomas Aquinas.
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Who, according to the Shi'a, should succeed the Prophet?
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Ali, the son-in-law of Muhammad, and Ali's descendants
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Why were the Spanish conquest of Toledo and the expulsion of Muslim forces from Sicily said to be more important than the Crusades?
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These campaigns marked turning points in relations between Christian and Muslim power in the Mediterranean.
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For what purpose did Constantine summon bishops to the Council of Nicaea?
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To bring unity to diversity of belief in disparate Christian communities
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For what reason did monasticism take rapid hold in northern Europe?
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Many believed that those whose lives had little in common with laypeople could best mediate between the believer and God.
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In what ways was Christian Europe changing during the period from 1000 to 1300 CE?
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New religious orders and universities arose, and the number of parish churches increased.
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What issue brought Christians into a Mediterranean-wide debate on the nature of religion?
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Obedience to God rather than to human rulers
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What replaced the political unity provided by imperial Rome after its collapse in Western Europe?
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The Christian church brought cultural unity centered on the authority of regional bishops under the bishop of Rome
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What was the context for the foundations of early Christianity?
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A direct confrontation with Roman imperial authority
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What was the Hagia Sophia's symbolic importance?
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It represented the blending of Christian and imperial culture.
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Which of the following accurately describes Francis of Assisi and his followers?
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They preached that European believers should weep, confess their sins to their local priest, and strive to become better Christians
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Which of the following best summarizes the effect of the Crusades on the Southwest Asia
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Muslim feelings hardened against the Franks and the millions of Christians who had previously lived peacefully in Egypt and Syria.
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Which of the following is one of the elements vital to the creation of Europe's Christian identity?
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The emergence of universities and a class of intellectuals associated with them
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Why did the rulers of Kievan Russia reject western European religious and political models?
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Orthodox Christianity spread to Kiev from Constantinople, and Russian trade ties were to the south and east.
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Jesus teaches that Jewish law
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should be taught, but its spirit is more important than its letter.
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Why are there so many different images of Jesus in the Gospels?
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There is no physical description of him, so people depict him in very differently ways.
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Who wrote the Sermon on the Mount, and when was it written down?
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Followers associated with the apostle Matthew less than a century after Jesus' death
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What criticisms does he make of those referred to as hypocrites, Pharisees, and the teachers of the law?
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He states that just because you may seem holy. It isn't what you do behind closed doors where you are truly judged.
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Based on the two sermons, which one of the following reflects a rule of conduct Jesus encouraged people to follow?
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Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you."
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What is a key component of the good life according to Jesus?
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Forgiveness of others' transgressions
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Why do the scholars from the documentary film From Jesus to Christ refer to this emerging religion as the Jesus Movement instead of Christianity in its early years?
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It was a jewish movement based on the teachings of Jesus
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The Sermon on the Mount advances which of the following ideas?
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Forgiveness and reconciliation rather than retribution should define social interactions.
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What was the transforming spiritual Muhammad had?
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An angel appeared to him in a cave in Mecca. The angel told him there was inly one God. It was both inspiring and disturbing to him.
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What is the Quran? What language is it written in? What is the tone of the Quran?
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The Quran is the literal word of God and his representation on Earth. It is written in Arabic. It is written in a very intimate tone with lots of imagery.
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What attitudes toward non-muslims do Quranic passages suggest?
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There is no hate towards non-muslims. The Quran promotes tolerance of all ideals.
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How do the Hadiths reflect or build upon the teaching of the Quran?
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The hadiths give the Quran practical, everyday meaning. They reinforce the ideas of the Quran while putting them in a practical setting.
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Which of the following accurately characterized sharia law?
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The role of the Ulama in defining and interpreting Islamic law prevented division between the religious secular leaders.
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Which of the following contributed to the Sufi's success in spreading Islam to common people?
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Living in communal brotherhoods
