GOVT 2305 Final Review

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What was the most common form of taxation during the colonial era?
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Taxes on commercial products
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The Boston Tea Party resulted in all of the following events except
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the Boston Massacre
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How was power in Congress divided under the Articles of Confederation?
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Each state had an equal vote
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What was the New Jersey Plan propose for Congress?
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Representaion would be equal for each state
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\"Bicameralism\" is a constitutional principle that means
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Division of Congress into two chambers
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What is the Three-fifths Compromise?
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It determined that three out of every five slaves would be counted for purposes of representation and taxation?
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Which of the following is not a way the framers tried to make the Senate a check against excessive democracy?
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Senators are the only officials immune from impeachment
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Which of the following was not one of the writers of the Federalists Papers?
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John Adams
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Shay's Rebellion was significant because it
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Convinced many observers that the government of the Confederation had become dangerously inefficient and indecisive.
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What was the \"Southern Manifesto\"?
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The refusal by Southern congressmen in 1956 to obey Supreme Court decisions outlawing racial segregation
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How has the structure of federalism allowed for the longevity of the U.S government?
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All of the above
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What is the main purpose behind the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV?
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It prevents a state from giving special favors to its own residents or discriminating against nonresidents
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The authority of the states to regulate the safety, health, and even morals of its citizens is called ______ power.
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Police
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If a state grants a city the ability to govern its own local affairs, the delegation of power is known as
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Home rule
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What was the overall importance of the Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland?
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The Supreme Court interpreted the delegated powers of Congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers.
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_______ describes the policy of delegating policy program down to a lower level of government.
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Devolution
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The Constitution limited the power of the federal government in order to promote _______.
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Equality
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The Constitution allowed the _____ level of government to set voting requirements for its citizens.
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State
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The founding fathers who wrote our Constitution had pessimistic view of human nature
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True
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The leaders of most countries in the Colonial Period were chosen by
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Divine right of kings
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Anti-federalists were good at cooperating with each other and coordinating their arguments against the Constitution.
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False
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The chairman of the Philadelphia Convention was
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George Washington
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The Articles of Confederation had a national Supreme Court structured much like ours today.
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False
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America colonists really didn't have a concept of being Americans until well after the Revolutionary War, and saw themselves mostly as British citizens of whichever colony they lived in.
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True
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England let her American colonies govern themselves on a day to day basis because:
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All of the above
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Our government had changed form a system of ________ federalism when the Constitution first went into effect to a system of ________ federalism in our era.
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Dual, cooperative
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States' reserved powers are listed word for word in the Implied Powers clause of the Constitution.
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False
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Thomas Jefferson was an anti-federalist.
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True
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The government in Washington was able to force states to lower their speed limits and raise their drinking ages by threatening to withhold a portion of each state's
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Federal highway money
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Why were states promised protection form invasion and riots?
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They were giving up their full-time armies so that the new central government could create one unified national army
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The use of implied powers eroded the balance of power between the central and state governments that had been set up by the 10th Amendment.
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True
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The supreme law in the United States is/are the:
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U.S. Constitution
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The central government promised states that it would not seize their land by guaranteeing:
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Territorial Integrity
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The Constitution delegated the power to coin money to the states.
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False
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When the issue of slavery was discussed at the Philadelphia Convention, the Southern delegates wanted slaves counted:
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As free for representation but not all for taxation
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The man who was probably the most responsible for the Connecticut Compromise was:
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Ben Franklin
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George Washington was a federalist during the ratification period
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True
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What was the primary goal of the Constitution's framers?
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To create an effective government
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Under the Articles of Confederation, it was left to the _______ to execute the laws passed by Congress.
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States
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What was the purpose of the Annapolis Convention?
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To discuss the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
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The 1787 convention to draft a new constitution was held in
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Philadelphia
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What did the New Jersey Plan propose for Congress?
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Representation would be equal for each state
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Which of the following was not a way the framers tried to make the Senate a check against excessive democracy?
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Senators are the only officials immune from impeachment
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The Constitution expressly gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review over Congress and the president.
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False
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How has the structure of federalism allowed for longevity of the U.S. government?
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all of the above
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Which level of government writes the majority of all criminal laws?
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State governments
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The ________ clause of the Constitution required that states normally recognize the laws, acts, and judicial decisions of other states.
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Full faith and credit
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Which level of government is not mentioned at all in the Constitution?
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City government
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Which clause of the Constitution has been critical in allowing for the growth of national power?
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Commerce clause
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Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) was important because it
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Established the supremacy of the national government in all matters affecting interstate commerce.
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Why was the Supreme Court case United States v. Lopez important?
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It was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress found under the commerce clause
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______ describes the policy of delegating a policy program down to a lower level of government.
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Devolution
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Which event did the most to cause the rise of a more active national government?
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the Great Depression
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When the federal government sets environmental standards that every state must follow, it is an example of
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Regulated federalism
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The principle of ______ allows the federal government the power to override any state or local law in one particular area of policy.
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Preemption
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If the federal government compelled state governments to obey costly regulations but did not reimburse the costs, it is called a(n):
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Unfunded mandate
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Federal officials seeking to give state governments more authority are most likely to support
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Block grants
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What have many political scientists called \"laboratories of democracy\"?
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The states
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The form of federal assistance called ________ provides money to state governments with no strings attached.
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General revenue sharing
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_______ was the father of our Constitution.
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James Madison
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A _______ form of government is characterized by the state governments having most or all of the power to make rules for a nation.
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Confederacy
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One argument for a strong federal government is ensuring ________ across states.
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Equality
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Taxes on ________ were the most common form of taxation during the colonial era
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Commerce or goods and services
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________ was chairman of Virginia Ratification Convention
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Edmund Randolph
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The ______ system was designed to make England rich at the expense of the colonies.
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Mercantile
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The issue of counting slaves was settled in our Constitution with the _______ Compromise.
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3/5
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The small states' plan at the Constitutional Convention was called the __________ plan.
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New Jersey
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Supporters of the Constitution argued for ratification in a series of articles called the _______.
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Federalists papers
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_______ democracies are characterized by having all their citizens vote each issue, rather then delegates voting on behalf of the citizens.
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Direct
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Amanda took a caffeine pill past night to help her cram for this test (which was legal, but inefficient, because she had time to study earlier in the week). Today, the U.S. government makes it illegal to have taken caffeine since January 1, 2010. this is an example of a(n) _________ law.
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Ex post facto
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Article ____ of the Constitution contains the method for amending the Constitution.
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Five
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When states send an accused criminal back to the state where he allegedly committed the crime it is called ___________.
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Extradition
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The ________ Model of government allowed colonists more government input than they would have had back in Europe and was widely copied by other colonies.
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Massachusetts
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The __________ was written by Puritans to help them face the American wilderness, but became a successful plan of government.
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Mayflower Compact
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_________ best describes the way that England allowed the American colonies to govern their day to day affairs during most of the colonial period.
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Salutary neglect
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Article __ of the Constitution contains odds and ends, the most important being the National Supremacy Clause.
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Six
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Article __ created Congress.
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One
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Article __ created the executive branch.
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Two
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Article __ of the Constitution created the judicial branch.
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Three
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What was the main reason that Alexander Hamilton did not want a Bill of Rights?
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He believed it was unnecessary for a government that possessed only specifically delegated powers.
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Which of the following types of speech does not receive full First Amendment protection?
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All of the above receive less than full protection.
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The substantive constraints found in the Bill of Rights
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Put limits on what government shall and shall not have the power to do.
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The constitutional basis for the nationalization for the Bill of Rights is
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the 14th Amendment
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The wall of separation between church and state is best found in what clause of the Constitution?
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The establishment clause
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Commercial speech receives as much protection as political speech.
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False
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Which of the following best reflects the Supreme Court's position on commercial speech, such as advertisement?
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Advertisements receive limited first Amendment protection
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\"Due process of law\" in the United States is generally define by the
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Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth amendments.
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The _____ rule forbids the introduction in trial of any piece of evidence obtained illegally.
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Exclusionary
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In Lawrence v. Texas (2003) the Supreme Court ruled that
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Laws criminalizing gay sexual behavior are a violation of the right to privacy.
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A president who claims to possess a mandate from the American electorate could arguably
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Claim that voters have approved the agenda he campaigned on, and that Congress ought therefore to approve it.
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The ____ is the informal designation for the heads of the major federal government departments.
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Cabinet
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An executive order is
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A rule or regulation issued unilaterally by the president, with the status of a law.
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The _____ asserted that the president could send American troops into action abroad only in the event of a declaration of war or other statutory authorization by Congress, or if American troops were attacked or directly endangered.
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War Powers Resolution of 1973
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The power to declare war is given to whom under the Constitution?
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Both houses of Congress
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What did the framers mean to accomplish by the indirect election of the president?
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To make the president responsible to state and national legislatures
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Through the act of delegating powers, the national structure of government in the 1930s went from _____ to _____.
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Legislative centered; presidential centered
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Executive agreements are different from formal treaties in that they
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do not have to be approved by the Senate
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Franklin Roosevelt's speaking tours and radio-broadcast fireside chats allowed him to
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all of the above
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The decline of voting and political participation by Americans has which of the following effects?
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It enhances the power of the president while weakening Congress
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The goal of the War Powers Resolution was to
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limit the power of the president to commit American troops to military action without authorization from Congress.
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_____ is the claim that the electorate has given the winner of a presidential election a special authority to carry our her or his plans.
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A mandate
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What was the Supreme Court case that declared the exclusionary rule?
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Mapp v. Ohio
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The case of Gideon v. Wainright established the right
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to counsel in felony cases.
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The Court does not give full protection to fighting words because
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such words are not part of the essential exposition of ideas.
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The process by which the Supreme Court has expanded specific parts of the Bill of Rights to protect citizens against state actions as well as federal actions is called
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selective incorporation
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Which of the following would not be an example of speech plus?
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assassinating a political leader
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When the government blocks the publication of material it does not want released, this is known as
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prior restraint
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About what did Justice Potter Stewart confess, \"I know it when I see it\"?
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pornography
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The controversy over suspicionless drug test at school and in the workplace pits the government's war on drugs against the right
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to privacy from unwarranted searches
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The requirement that persons under arrest be informed of their right to remain silent is known as the _____ rule.
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Miranda
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The term \"eminent domain\" describes
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the power of the government to take private property for public use
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The turning point in American politics toward a president-centered government came about during the administration of
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Franklin D. Rossevelt
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When the president infers powers from the \"rights, duties and obligations\" of the presidency, these are called
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inherent powers
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Why is the president's State of the Union address important?
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It is an opportunity for the president to set the legislative agenda by initiating proposals and directing public attention to the executive's goals.
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The main political value of the vice president is to
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bring the president votes in the election from a group or region that would not otherwise be a likely source of support
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What is the general tendency of a president's popularity?
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Presidents usually start out popular and decline over the next four years
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The court case that created Judicial Review was called
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Marbury v. Madison
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The Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination means that
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You cannot be forced to be a witness against yourself
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George Washington creating his own cabinet changed the spirit of the Constitution.
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True
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How many presidents have been impeached, convicted and removed from office
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None
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Arnold is born in Austria. His parents are Austrian citizens. The whole family moves to the U.S. when he is very young and take the oath of citizenship, becoming naturalized citizens. Can Arnold ever be vice-president of the U.S.?
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No
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The number of electors each state has in the Electoral College equals:
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Its number of representatives in the House of Representatives plus its number of Senators
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Most states use which method to determine how their Electoral College votes will be awarded
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Winner-take-all
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Which of the following created the President's cabinet:
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Presidential practice
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Once delegates are chosen to the Electoral College, they can vote for whomever they choose.
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True
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The President's power generally seems to decrease in times of war.
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False
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The right to privacy is expressly granted in the 11th Amendment.
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False
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It ended slavery
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13th Amendment
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Gave women the right to vote
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19th
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Put clear limits on Central government power and gave the states their reserve powers
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10th
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Was ratified in a very unusual way
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21st
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Stopped Congressmen from cashing in immediately if they voted themselves a big pay raise
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27th
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Promised you a jury train in a civil case, i there was enough money at stake
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7th
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Leon Panetta' department; it directs American's military planning
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Secretary of Defense
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Collects our taxes through the Internal Revenue Service
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Secretary of the Treasury
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Janet Napolitano's department; tried to keep information current to fight terrorism
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Secretary of Homeland Security
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The ____ Amendment protects us form unreasonable searches and seizures.
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4th
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When Constitutional amendments are proposed these days, there is a time limit of ____ year(s) written into them.
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Seven
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The central government guarantees states that they can have a militia and might guarantee citizens they can own weapons with the _____ Amendment.
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2nd
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The __ Amendment protects you from double jeopardy.
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5th
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The __ Amendment gave electoral college representation to the residents of the District of Columbia.
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23rd
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Article __ of the Constitution created the presidency.
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Two
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The __ Amendment clarified vice-presidential succession and allowed for temporary transfers of power from the president to the vice-president.
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25th
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If the President and the VP were both killed by the same lightning bolt while golfing, _______ (will take name or position here) would take over as the next president.
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Speaker of the House (Name: John Boehner)
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_____ is the state with the most Electoral College votes.
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California
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The Constitution says that a person much be at least __ years old to run for the presidency.
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35
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The Vice-President's only Constitutional duty is to preside over the ______.
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senate
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The current vice-president of the US is named _______.
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Joe Biden
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________ was the only person to serve as U.S. President without being elected either president or vice-president.
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Gerald Ford
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If so many of our government officials were killed at the same time that the cabinet members would be next in line for the presidency, which cabinet position would be first in line
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Secretary of State
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The Lemon Test involved the _______ clause of the Constitution.
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establishment
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The _____ clause of the First Amendment protects an individual's right to believe and practice whatever religion she or he chooses.
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Free Exercise
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The _____ is the informal designation for the heads of the major federal governmental departments.
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Cabinet
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Which president was the inspiration for the 22nd Amendment?
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FDR
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The right against _______ prevents the government from trying persons twice for the same crime.
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Double jeopardy
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The 1973 Supreme Court case that said states couldn't stop women from having abortions in the 1st trimester of pregnancy was:
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Roe vs Wade
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Members of Congress can represent the people in two ways: as a _______, a member of Congress acts on the express preferences of his or her constituency; as a _______, a member is more loosely tied to constituents and makes the decisions he or she thinks are best.
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delegate; trustee
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Why does the House have grater party unity than the Senate?
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House leaders have more organizational control over the actions of the representatives than Senate leaders do.
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Pork-barrel legislation
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deals with specific projects and their location within a particular congressional district.
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A senator or representative running for re-election is called the
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incumbent
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Which idea of representation says that a legislator should be viewed as someone whom voters hire to represent their interests?
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Agency represention
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Which of the following is the best definition of a constituent?
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It is someone who donates money to a campaign.
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A bicameral legislature is one that has
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two chambers or houses
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The frequency with which they must seek re-election makes members of the House
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more responsive to the needs of local interest groups in the districts they represent
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The most common occupation among members of Congress before coming to Congress is
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lawyer
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Cloture is
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the process by which three-fifths of the Senate can end a filibuster
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The free-rider problem occurs because
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the benefits of a group's actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers.
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Which of the following statements is true?
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Voting equipment varies from county to county throughout the United States.
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When American voters support only one party's candidates, they are said to be voting a
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straight ticket
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When a voter must be registered with a party prior to voting in that party's election, it is called
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a closed primary
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Most European nations employ what system of elections?
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proportional representation
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Approximately how much money does it take for a candidate to have a reasonable chance of winning a seat in the House of Representatives?
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$500,000
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Private groups that raise and distribute funds for election campaigns are called
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political action committees
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The term \"soft money\" refers to
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money donated to a party to sponsor party building and voter registration
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When paid staff conduct mots of the daily business of a group, that group is best described as a staff organization.
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True
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Approximately how many members does the AARP have?
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38,000,000
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What is the significance of dissenting opinions?
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Dissents are signs that the Court is in disagreement on an issue and could change its ruling.
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Which of the following best describes the role of the solicitor general?
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the lawyer who represents the United States before the Supreme Court in cases where the federal government is a party
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In recent years, federal court appointments have
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been characterized by intense partisan and ideological efforts to support or defeat the candidate.
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What is the main function of the chief justice of the Supreme Court?
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The chief justice presides over the Court's public sessions and private conferences.
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Approximately what percentage of all court cases in the United States are heard in federal courts?
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1 percent
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Which of the following is the essence of the rule of law?
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Every state must judge government officials by the same laws as its citizens are judged.
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If a private individual brought a suit against a corporation for breaking a contract, what kind of law would this lawsuit involve?
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civil
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Which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to a trial involving public law?
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a citizen accuses the police of searching her house without a warrant
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Prior cases whose principles are used by judges to decide current cases are called
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precedents.
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The size of the U.S. Supreme Court is set by
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Congress.
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How did the Great Depression change American attitudes about welfare?
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It revealed that poverty could be caused by a flawed economic system, not just by personal irresponsibility.
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Which of the following social policies is the most costly to the government?
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Social Security
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Which of the following can be concluded from the results of the 1996 welfare reform?
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The reforms have reduced the number of people on welfare but have done little to reduce poverty.
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What do public opinion polls reveal about welfare policies?
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They are among the most disliked government programs.
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What event brought federal attention to elementary school education?
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the fear that the Soviets were winning the Cold War through better technology
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When potential recipients of a benefit must establish their genuine need, the government program is called
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means tested.
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What was outdoor relief distributed by private charities?
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money
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When was Social Security established?
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1935
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The idea of _____ was at the heart of George W. Bush's 2005 plan for Social Security reform.
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private accounts
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Approximately what percentage of American workers are offered health insurance through their jobs?
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55 percent
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Which of the following will usually be the strongest influence on a person's future voting patterns
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The way the person's family voted in the past
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A high school dropout who digs ditches is more likely to vote Republican than Democrat
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False
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Members of Congress can represent the people in two ways: as a _____, a member of Congress acts on the express preferences of his or her constituency; as a _____, a member is more loosely tied to constituents and makes the decisions he or she thinks are best.
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delegate; trustee
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Why does the House have greater party unity than the Senate?
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House leaders have more organizational control over the actions of representatives than Senate leaders do.
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A senator or representative running for re-election is called the
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incumbent.
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The idea of _____ identifies the best representative as one who shares similar racial, ethnic, religious, or occupational backgrounds with those she or he represents.
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sociological representation
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In recent years, approximately what percentage of House members seeking re-election successfully win their race?
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95
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As the population in the United States grows and shifts, which region(s) of the country have benefited from recent apportionment?
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South and West
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What are the most common private bills proposed in Congress?
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bills for permanent visas for foreign nationals
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A filibuster allows members of the Senate to
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prevent a vote on a bill by speaking continuously on the floor.
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When the House and the Senate coordinate two versions of the same bill, they often use a _____ to obtain a single unified bill.
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conference committee
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When two members of Congress who share no common interests agree to support each other's bills, the practice is called
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logrolling.
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Oversight can best be described as
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the efforts of Congress to supervise the manner in which its laws are implemented by the executive branch.
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Which of the following statements is true?
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Voting equipment varies from county to county throughout the United States.
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When American voters support only one party's candidates, they are said to be voting a
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straight ticket
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What is the main difference between elections in a democracy and elections under an authoritarian regime?
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Democratic regimes allow for viable opposition, while the leaders do not permit themselves to lose under an authoritarian government.
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Most of the responsibility for conducting public elections rests with
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state and local governments.
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When a voter must be registered with a party prior to voting in that party's election, it is called
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a closed primary.
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What is a referendum?
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It is the practice of voting directly for proposed laws.
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Which of the following politicians has been recalled from office?
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California Governor Gray Davis (2003)
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If the winner of an election is whoever receives the most votes, regardless of the percentage of votes received, the candidates are running under a _____ system.
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plurality
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Before the 1890s, who was responsible for printing election ballots?
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political parties
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The result that is produced when voters cast a ballot for the president and then automatically vote for the remainder of that party's candidates is called the
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coattail effect.
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Political scientists call voters' choices that focus on future behavior _____, while those based on past performance are called _____.
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prospective voting; retrospective voting
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The majority of PACs represent
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business and professional groups.
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The right of candidates to spend their own money on running for office
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is protected absolutely by the First Amendment, according to the Supreme Court case of Buckley v. Valeo.
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A benefit that is sought by an interest group and that once achieved cannot be denied to nonmembers is called a
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collective good.
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The Congress that is meeting this year is the:
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113th
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There are currently no Democrat committee chairs in the U.S. House (after January 5, 2013).
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True
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Assuming it has enough time, a conference committee has three chances to produce a compromise bill that the House and Senate will both agree to support.
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True
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The \"one man, one vote\" concept in the key 1962 gerrymandering case means
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If you're in an unfairly drawn district, your vote counts less than it would in a fairly drawn district
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Impeachment (not removal) happens:
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In the Senate by a 2/3 majority
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Representative Amanda, President Matt, and Senator Julia are all elected in 2012. Which has the most time until they have to run for reelection?
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Senator Julia
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The salary of senators is
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The same as that of Representatives
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Executive responsibilities of the Senate include
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Approving presidential appointments and treaties
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There are less female members of Congress today than there were a decade ago.
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False
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For a bill to be pocket vetoed, Congress must be adjourned.
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True
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The Majority Leader will assign bills to committee in the House.
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False
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The Majority Leader will grant the floor to speakers in the Senate.
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False
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Congress was created in the longest part of the Constitution, Article I.
answer
True
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When a conference committee reaches an agreement on how to resolve differences between House and Senate versions of a bill, it is then called a _______ bill.
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Compromise
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The Senate Rules Committee can place parts of a bill off-limits to debate or amendment in the Senate.
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False
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_______ was probably the strongest Senate Majority Leader in the last 75 years.
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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A legislative body, like the U.S. Congress, that has two chambers is a _______ legislature.
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bicameral
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The powers given in Artilce one of the Constitution that give specific, detailed power to Congress are called _______ powers
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delegated
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Drawing district lines to help or hurt a certain person or group of people is called:
answer
gerrymandering
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A vote of ___ (how many?) Senators is needed to end a filibuster
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3/5
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The right to use the mails to keep in touch with constituents back home is called the _______ privilege.
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franking
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_____ powers are given to Congress by the judicial branch to add territory to the U.S.
answer
inherent
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A vote to end a filibuster is called a vote of ________. (I'm looking for the name of the process here, not the number of votes).
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cloture
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Committees kill roughly ___ percent of the bills submitted in Congress
answer
90
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How many House members are currently Republicans?
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232
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The districts for Texas' members of the U.S. House are drawn in ______. (I am looking for the name of the city).
answer
Austin
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U.S. Sentaors have __ year terms of office (I am looking for a number here).
answer
6
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The most powerful person in the House of Representatives is: (I will accept name or title)
answer
John Boehner
question
The 1962 Supreme Court casse of ____ v. ____ marked the federal government's first attempt to stop states from drawing district lines unfairly.
answer
baker vs carr
question
The Texan who served as the Speaker of the House longer than any other person in U.S. history was named _____.
answer
Sam Rayburn
question
You must be at least ___ years old to run for a seat in the U.S. House.
answer
25
question
Our current Senate Minority Leader is named _______.
answer
Mitch McConnell
question
Our current House Minority Leader is named _____.
answer
Nancy Pelosi
question
Our current Senate Majority Leader is named ______.
answer
Harry Reid
question
You must be at least __ years old to run for the Senate
answer
30
question
_________ (I am looking for the politician's name) took the Repubican party from a liberal stance to a conservative stance in the 1950s.
answer
Dwight Eisenhower
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