GOVT 2305: Chapter 13 – The Presidency – Flashcards

...required Nixon to turn over secret tapes to Congress. The president complied with the order and was forced to resign from office. The case was seen as a blow to presidential power, but in actuality, the ruling recognized the legal validity of executive privilege for the first time. Executive privilege is the claim that confidential communications between a president and close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president.

...1941. Congress had not declared war since December 1941, but since then, American military forces have been deployed around the world under the orders of the president. The War Powers Resolution states that the president can send troops into action abroad only by authorization of Congress, or if American troops are already under attack or serious threat.

...a rule or regulation issued unilaterally by the president, with the status of a law.

...partisan. The powers are 1) Military (Article II Sec. 2), 2) Judicial (Article II Sec. 2), 3) Diplomatic (Article II Sec. 2), 4) Executive (Article II Sec. 3), 5) Legislative (Article I Sec. 7).

...its personnel are an integral part of virtually every conceivable presidential responsibility, such as overseeing regulatory proposals, reporting on agency activities, and preparing the national budget.

...Speaker of the House. The NSC is a presidential foreign policy advisory council composed of the president, the vice president, the secretary of state, the secretary of defense, and other officials invited by the president.

...National Security Council.

Party support, popular mobilization, and administrative control. In the first instance, presidents may create or strengthen partisan institutions that can exert influence in the legislative process and can help implement their programs. In addition, presidents may use popular appeals to create a mass base of support that will allow them to dominate their political foes, a tactic called "going public." Third, presidents may seek to bolster their control of established executive agencies or to create new administrative institutions and procedures that will reduce their dependence on Congress and give them a more independent governing and policy-making capability.

Article II. Section 1 explains how the president is to be chosen, while Sections 2 and 3 outline the powers and duties of the president.

In dealing with Congress on legislative matters.

To cast tie-breaking votes in the Senate. The vice president exists for two purposes only: to succeed the president in case of death, resignation, or incapacity and to preside over the Senate, casting a tie-breaking vote when necessary.

Cabinet secretaries. The Cabinet is composed of the secretaries, or chief administrators, of the major departments of the federal government. Cabinet secretaries are appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate.

Hillary Clinton. She won a seat in the U.S. Senate in 2000 and then ran for president in 2008.

To make the president responsible to state and national legislatures. With the adoption of a scheme of indirect election through an electoral college, with electors to be selected by the state legislatures (and close elections to be resolved in the House of Representatives), the framers hoped to achieve a "republican" solution: a strong president responsible to state and national legislators rather than directly to the electorate.

...an executive order.

...Franklin Roosevelt. For a long period, even as the national government began to grow, Congress was careful to keep a tight rein on the president's power. The real turning point in the history of American national government came during the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Since FDR and his "New Deal" of the 1930s, every president has been strong whether or not he was committed to the goal of a strong presidency.

...the president may make unilateral use of the emergency powers to protect states against domestic disorder.

Expressed.

Both houses of Congress.

... announcement the president makes about his interpretation of a congressional enactment he is signing into law.

War Powers Resolution of 1973.

...the head of state. Because they are generally associated exclusively with the head-of-state aspect of America's presidency, presidential spouses are usually not subject to the same sort of media scrutiny or partisan attack as that aimed at the president.

Franklin Roosevelt, with his proposal of the "New Deal."

The Speaker of the House.

George Washington declared amnesty to all Americans who fought for the British during the War for Independence.

...sought and received congressional authorization for the bombing but not a declaration of war.

It is an opportunity for the president to set the legislative agenda by initiating proposals and directing public attention to the executive's goals.

The Internal Revenue Service.

...gave the presidency a mass popular base that would eventually support and demand increased presidential power.

Two-thirds of both houses of Congress.