question

The process by which individuals acquire their opinions is called

answer

political socialization.

question

Studies indicate that children whose parents participate in civic life are ________ to do so themselves.

answer

more likely

question

Which factors have social scientists argued exert the strongest influence on political socialization?

answer

family and school

question

What influence do first-generation political activists identify as significant in motivating them to become involved in civic activity?

answer

school, the media, friends, and public policies

question

When are children in the United States first exposed to socialization by being encouraged to believe in democracy and express patriotism?

answer

kindergarten

question

Research appears to indicate that ________ tend to particularly favor the Republican Party.

answer

white Protestants

question

No matter how religious they are, ________ are likely to identify themselves as Democrats.

answer

African Americans

question

Which of the following political leaders plays a prominent role in shaping Americans' views?

answer

president

question

Sixty percent of all ________ are registered Democrats.

answer

Asian Americans

question

Which youth cohort, out of the following groups, is LEAST likely to have engaged in political protests?

answer

whites

question

Public polls and voting behavior indicate that men and women have ________ views on many issues.

answer

very different

question

On the issue of _______, men's and women's opinions differ very little.

answer

abortion

question

Men are about ________ more likely to favor the death penalty than women.

answer

10 percent

question

Which of these events is a strong example of the generational effect on the oldest Americans?

answer

Great Depression

question

Which regions tend to favor the Democrats?

answer

the Northeast, the West Coast, and most major cities

question

Which regions tend to favor the Republicans?

answer

the South, the West, and the Midwest

question

Which region has the largest Catholic and Jewish populations compared to other regions in the United States?

answer

the Northeast

question

Which region has the largest population of those without a religious affiliation, compared to other regions in the United States?

answer

the West

question

Which of the following are examples of manifestations of popular opinion?

answer

public demonstrations; writing letters to the editor in local newspapers; and writing to congressmen and other federal officials

question

Who founded the American Institute of Public Opinion in 1935?

answer

George Gallup

question

Because it is impossible to measure everyone's opinions, pollsters frequently rely on

answer

random sampling.

question

According to one study, what percentage of young adults aged 18-29 live in cellular-only households?

answer

33 percent

question

For the purposes of stratified sampling, how many sampling regions are there in the United States?

answer

four

question

Most polling organizations rarely poll more than ________ respondents.

answer

1,500

question

A poll that measures changes in public opinion over time is known as a

answer

tracking poll.

question

What phrase did Alexis de Tocqueville coin to describe Americans in his 1835 work Democracy in America?

answer

\"a nation of joiners\"

question

What percentage of Americans belong to voluntary groups or associations?

answer

80 percent

question

Today, where are people more likely to socialize with their friends than in previous generations?

answer

at restaurants

question

In what way do interest groups succeed in channeling civic participation?

answer

All these answers are correct.

question

According to elite theorists, a ruling class of wealthy, educated individuals wields most of the power in which of these institutions?

answer

top universities, major corporations, media outlets, and the military

question

Most Americans have a ________ impression of interest groups.

answer

generally negative

question

Which social group is likely to be overrepresented in interest groups?

answer

All these groups are likely to be overrepresented in interest groups.

question

Which of the following occupations are represented by labor unions?

answer

teachers and trades people

question

Many people over 50 join the AARP (American Association of Retired Persons) as a result of which incentive?

answer

economic incentive

question

Which of these interest groups has over 35 million members?

answer

AARP

question

Separate entities formed by interest groups whose specific goal is to raise and spend money to influence election outcomes are known as

answer

political action committees.

question

In elections, PAC funding shapes electoral outcomes by tending to favor which type of candidate?

answer

incumbents

question

Today, what percentage of U.S. workers belong to unions?

answer

12 percent

question

Which of these groups represents agricultural interests?

answer

AFBF (American Farm Bureau Federation)

question

Who created the concept of rational choice theory?

answer

Mancur Olson

question

Which religious interests organization was founded by Jerry Falwell in the 1970s?

answer

the Moral Majority

question

Since 2000, the Christian Coalition has concentrated on which of these activities?

answer

voter registration and get out the vote campaigns

question

As a result of the efforts of AIPAC (American Israel Public Affairs Committee), U.S. aid to Israel in 2007 totaled

answer

$2.5 billion.

question

Which American President coined the term lobbyist?

answer

Ulysses S. Grant

question

Which measure(s) do lobbyists employ to gain access to policymakers?

answer

\"buttonholing\" in the Capitol

question

The interaction of mutual interests involving interest groups, government officials, and members of Congress is known as the

answer

iron triangle.

question

What year included the Supreme Court decision of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, which drastically altered the political landscape by allowing corporate and union election financing?

answer

2010

question

Which group is often used by interest groups to testify before Congress as a means of raising public awareness?

answer

celebrities

question

Which organizations are now able to bypass PACs and use financial resources to directly purchase federal campaign advertisements?

answer

labor unions and corporations

question

One recent study indicated that college students are ________ to join a politically-motivated interest group than their peers who do not attend college.

answer

more than twice as likely

question

1. Which of the following are direct forms of political participation?

answer

volunteering on a campaign, running for office, and voting

question

2. Which state does not even require voters to register in order to participate in elections?

answer

North Dakota

question

3. Who can vote in an open primary election?

answer

anyone, even unregistered voters

question

4. Who can vote in a closed primary election?

answer

only registered voters of members of that party

question

5. Which of these groups controls the timing of primary elections?

answer

the states

question

6. In the United States, most general elections are held in what month?

answer

November

question

7. In many states, what percentage of votes must a candidate receive in a general election to avoid a runoff election?

answer

50 percent

question

8. Which groups typically sponsor initiatives, or initiative petitions?

answer

citizens' and interest groups

question

9. What type of election allows voters to cut an officeholder's term short?

answer

recall election

question

10. Due to the popularity of voting by mail, which state has recently abandoned voting in polling places on Election Day?

answer

Oregon

question

11. Which of these reasons motivate individuals to run for office?

answer

civic responsibility, party allegiance, personal goals, and desire for greater name recognition

question

12. What age limit for presidential office is codified by Article I of the Constitution?

answer

at least 35 years old

question

13. Which factors determine eligibility and qualifications for elected office at the state level?

answer

age, residency, and citizenship

question

14. Today, most political campaigns are conducted and managed by

answer

paid campaign consultants.

question

15. Which of these pieces of legislation created the Federal Election Commission, the agency responsible for enforcing federal campaign finance laws?

answer

Federal Election Campaign Act

question

16. Tax-exempt groups that raise money for political activities are known as ________.

answer

527s

question

17. Which of these factors is most important in determining voter participation?

answer

education level

question

18. How many electors are there in the Electoral College?

answer

538

question

19. What year were 18-year-olds granted the right to vote in the United States?

answer

1972

question

20. In the United States, voters with the highest income level have voting rates of

answer

over 85 percent.

question

21. What percentage of incumbents, or those already holding office, generally win re-election to the House of Representatives and the Senate?

answer

over 90 percent

question

22. Over the last few years, many political campaigns have grown

answer

increasingly negative.

question

23. In the United States, presidential campaigns generally last

answer

for over one year.

question

24. Passage of the National Voter Registration Act—or \"Motor Voter\" Act—in 1993 has had a ________ effect on voter registration and turnout.

answer

negligible

question

25. What theory states that making the conscious choice not to vote is rational and logical?

answer

rational abstention thesis

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