question

party identification

answer

the political party for which one or one's family usually votes

question

Evangelical Christians

answer

people who say that they have been "born again" and who see certain moral questions as political issues

question

gender gap

answer

differences in political preferences based on more than one variable

question

crosscutting cleavages

answer

a coherent and consistent set of beliefs about who ought to rule, what principles rulers should obey, and what policies they ought to pursue

question

political elites

answer

people who have a disproportionate amount of political power

question

traditional middle class

answer

middle-income people who usually live in suburbs, attend church, favor business, and have mostly conservative political views

question

new class

answer

middle-income people who live in cities, skip church, and have mostly liberal political views

question

yuppies

answer

young urban professionals

question

pure liberal

answer

one who is liberal on both economic and personal conduct issues

question

pure conservative

answer

one who is conservative on both economic and personal conduct issues

question

libertarian

answer

one who is conservative on economic issues, liberal on personal conduct issues

question

populist

answer

one who is liberal on economic issues, conservative on personal issues

question

conservative

answer

one who favors more limited and local government, less government regulation of markets, and more social conformity to traditional norms and values

question

liberal

answer

one who favors more government regulation of business and support for social welfare but less regulation of private social conduct

question

middle America

answer

Americans who have moved out of poverty but are not yet affluent and who cherish middle-class values

question

norm

answer

A standard of right or proper conduct that helps determine the range of acceptable social behavior and policy options

question

poll

answer

A survey of public opinion

question

random sample

answer

a sample selected in such a way that any member of the populating being surveyed has an equal chance of being interviewed

question

religious tradition

answer

the moral teachings of religious institutions on religious, social, and economic issues

question

sampling error

answer

the difference between the results of two surveys or samples

question

silent majority

answer

a phrase used to describe people, whatever their economic status, who uphold traditional values, especially against the counterculture

question

social status

answer

a measure of one's social standing obtained by combining such factors as education, income, and occupation

question

"differences of opinion in the US are clearly related to difference in class"

answer

Poor blacks and poor whites disagree on racial issues; Protestants and Jews of similar status often disagree on social welfare policies; and a majority of poor whites vote republican, whereas a majority of poor blacks vote Democratic. Combinations of factors, including race, religion, region, and party identification, as well as status occupation, determine political opinions.

question

"most Americans take consistently liberal or conservative positions on issues"

answer

Most Americans do not display ideological thinking. They may take liberal positions on some issues and conservative on others. They may be inconsistent- by supporting government social welfare programs but at the same time applauding efforts to reduce government spending in general. There seem to be various combinations involving some liberal and some conservative positions, and each of these combinations attracts candidates and voters

question

"the leaders of African American organizations generally reflect the view of black nationwide"

answer

there is a big opinion gap between the leaders of African American organization and black people generally. One recent poll indicates leaders were much more likely than the rank-in-file to favor abortions, school busing, and affirmative actions

question

"affluent people are always politically conservative"

answer

members of the "new class"-affluent under forty persons with technical, scientific, and professional occupations- are often more liberal than business elites. "New class" Democrats are likely to be more liberal than working-class Democrats.

question

orientation most strongly associated with liberalism

answer

secular

question

orientation most strongly associated with the belief that we should spend more on defense

answer

fundamentalism

question

orientation appears to be most supportive of allowing gays in the military

answer

secular

question

orientation least supportive of national health insurance

answer

fundamentalism

question

in which orientation do a majority express the view that less money should be spent on welfare

answer

a majority of all three of the orientations we believe we should spend less on welfare

question

describe the difference between the views of women and men on the topic of legalized abortion

answer

a majority of men and women support legalized abortion and the difference between the groups appears to be quite minimal

question

greatest opinion difference between women and men

answer

banning handguns

question

where are the views of women and men separated by at least 14%

answer

Sexual harassment and voting for Clinton in 1996

question

Describe the trend in % of college students who think the death penalty should be abolished

answer

33 thought the death penalty should be abolished in the 70s, by 93, fell to 22

question

how do college students feel about legalized abortion?

answer

almost half supported legalization of marijuana in the 70s, but by 93 fell to 28%

question

describe the trend in % of college students who think criminals have too many rights

answer

a majority of criminals had too many rights in 70s and in 93, though the percentages have increased from 52% to 68%

question

how do college students feel about military spending?

answer

support for increase in military spending fell from 39%-23%

question

how do the largest % of Americans typically describe themselves ideologically?

answer

moderate

question

which ideological label is typically claimed by the smallest % of respondents in surveys?

answer

liberal

question

who is more likely to oppose the death penalty?

answer

liberal

question

who is more likely to believe homosexuals should be allowed to serve in the armed forces?

answer

liberal

question

describe liberal and conservative support for the notion that women should have an equal role in running business, industry and government

answer

both liberals and conservatives exhibit high levels of support for everything, though liberals seem to be more supportive

question

who is less supportive of the notion that it is the duty of government to guarantee a job and good standard of living for every person?

answer

conservatives are much less comfortable with this. Only 21% express agreement with it, while 55% of liberal respondents feel otherwise

question

how a pollster words a question can dramatically affect ___________

answer

the answer he or she gets

question

The proportion of citizens who consider themselves Democrats or Republicans has steadily ___________ since the 1950s

answer

decreased

question

younger voters have ___________ sense of partisanship than older ones

answer

weaker

question

The ___________ is strongest in the South, Midwest and West

answer

Christian Coalition

question

Since 1960, evangelical Christians have become more attached to ___________ candidates

answer

Republican

question

men have generally been more ___________ than women on social issues

answer

conservative

question

men and women have ___________ views on abortion

answer

similar

question

college students today are _________ on some issues

answer

conservative on some and liberal on others

question

In the US public opinion is ___________ divided by class than it is in Europe

answer

less

question

a typical sample is between ___________

answer

one thousand and fifteen hundred

question

Gallup and Harris use ___________ to measure how Americans feel about the president

answer

different questions

question

The __________ has been less accommodating to labor and more accommodating to the interests of business

answer

South

question

people have an ___________ without describing themselves as liberals or conservatives

answer

ideology

question

in the 19th century liberals favored ___________

answer

personal and economic freedom

question

Conservatives are __________ likely to support decriminalization of marijuana

answer

less

question

Liberals are more likely to want the government to ___________ income inequality

answer

reduce

question

___________ are conservative on economic issues and liberal on social ones

answer

Libertarians

question

___________ are liberal on economic issues and conservative on social ones

answer

Populists

question

Delegates to presidential nominating conventions tend to be more ___________ than the average voter

answer

ideological

question

According to the text, ___________ do not define economic problems.

answer

elites

question

the Framers of the Constitution understood that ___________ would be the chief source of opinion on most matters

answer

factions and interest groups

question

What are listed in the Preamble of the Constitution?

answer

justice, domestic tranquility, the common defense, the general welfare

question

Research indicates over half of children identify with the partisan preferences of at least on of their parents by the time they are in ___________

answer

5th grade

question

in adulthood, people whose party identification differs from their parents' usually call themselves ___________

answer

independents

question

in recent years the influence of family on party identification has ___________

answer

decreased

question

the correlation of children's attitudes with parental attitudes on issues involving civil liberties and racial questions is ___________

answer

much lower than the correlation with their partisan identification

question

the transfer of political belief from generation to generation does not appear in a large national studies of political attitudes because ___________

answer

few Americans are either far left or far right of the political spectrum

question

which religious group is most likely to have liberal political attitudes?

answer

Jews

question

Political scientists reason that different religious groups' different political persuasions may have resulted from

answer

the content of their religious beliefs and their member's experiences as immigrants here

question

The increasing incidence of men "deserting" Democratic candidates for Republican ones involves attitudes about ___________

answer

spending programs aimed at the poor, the size of government, gun control and gay rights

question

attending college tends to make people more ___________ than the general population

answer

liberal

question

students attending more prestigious or selective colleges are more ___________ than the general population

answer

liberal

question

Social scientists list all of the following among the reasons that higher education correlates with increased liberalism

answer

the personal traits of those going to college, students' exposure to more information,and the liberalism of many professors

question

an analysis of voting in 100 of America's richest communities from 1980 to 1966 found

answer

the Democratic share of the vote increased

question

the opinions of whites and African Americans are similar on

answer

the use of racial quotas, the belief that too much is made of racial differences, abortion, and getting tough on criminals

question

Latinos are a diverse mix of groups, none of which has become ___________

answer

predictably partisan

question

the largest group of Americans will classify themselves as ___________

answer

moderate

question

those who favor the increased taxation of the rich are usually described as ___________

answer

liberals

question

someone who favors universal medical insurance and a women's right to choose abortion would be a ___________

answer

pure liberal

question

If you favor reducing federal taxes and quarantining AIDS victims, you would be classified as a ___________

answer

pure conservative

question

someone who wants the federal government to save small farmers from bankruptcy and allow prayer in public schools, according to the text would be a ___________

answer

populist

question

someone who wants the cut back on federal spending and favor the decriminalization of marijuana would be a ___________

answer

libertarian

question

who displays a most consistency in political attitudes

answer

political activists

question

a characteristic that is NOT found in the new middle class is

answer

an attitude favorable to business interests

question

Elite opinion includes:

answer

influence which issues will capture the public's attention, state the norms by which issues should be settled, raise and frame political issues, and influence how issues are debated and decided

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