gov 6 – 11 – Flashcards
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public affairs
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issues and events that concern the people at large
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public opinion
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the attitudes held by a large number of people concerning government and politics.
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How does an attitude concerning politics become a public opinion?
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An attitude concerning politics must be held by a large number of people and expressed, demonstrated, or displayed for public viewing.
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Which statement is true about public opinion?
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issues of public opinion are related to public affairs
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How does family influence a person's political opinions?
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Families teach children attitudes about authority, property, and other people. These attitudes form the basis for later political opinions.
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Why are schools important in the political development of children?
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They teach american values
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A lifelong influence in the formation of public opinion is
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Family and education
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How does one's peer group shape his or her attitudes?
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Most people trust the views of their friends and associates, so they seldom stray too far from the opinions of their peers.
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Mass media can help shape public opinion by
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reaching a large audience
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Opinion leaders tend to
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affect public opinion
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Issues of public opinion are only concerned with
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public affairs
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Events that took place during the 1950s helped to shape the public opinion that the government
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could not be trusted
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how can the mass media help shape public opinion?
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by providing information to a large number of people
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how did the attitudes of many americans change after the terrorist attacks of september 11, 2001?
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They became more concerned with foreign policy
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what would be most likely to influence public opinion if a local politician had a plan to clean up a park in your town
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residence
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Teach american values in school can help shape a child's
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--
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as children hrow into asulthood, their expands to include co-workers and neighbors
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Peer group
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in order to have their beliefs considered as public opinion, people must
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express their views
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Why does a peer group have a strong influence on a person's opinions
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they have developed a special trust.
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Which statement best describes opinion leaders?
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they affect public opinion
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Why is it hard to determine much about public opinion based on the actions of interest groups?
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because it is hard to know how many people actually belong to an interest group
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Politicians depend on direct contact with voters, election results, and polls to under stand
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public opinion
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What is a mandate
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A winning party's belief that the majority of the people will support their policies
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What is the major drawback of a straw poll?
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The major drawback of a straw poll is that there is no effort to poll people of different interests, ages, or incomes.
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Which type of poll is unreliable because the people who respond do not reliably represent the total population
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a straw poll
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why are scientific polls the best measure of public opinion?
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They are sophisticated and rigorous
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What does "define the universe" mean in polling?
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It means to determine the size and characteristics of the group that a poll seeks to measure.
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How can the interviewer influence the answers of the people questioned?
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by tone of voice and choice of words
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Which is an accurate definition of universe, as it is used in scientific polling?
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the entire population that will be measured
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A group containing a representative number of people in which each member of the universe has an equal chance of being included is called
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a random group
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What is difficult for polls to measure?
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It is difficult for polls to measure the intensity, stability, and relevance of the opinions they report.
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What are the limits to the accuracy of polls?
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They cannot measure the strength, performance, or importance of a person's opinion
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What is true about public opinion
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public opinion has a limited impact on public policy
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why did the famous 1936 Literary Digest straw poll fail to predict the winner of the presidential election
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It failed to poll the poor.
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Polling groups train phone interviewers because an interviewers ____ can influence the answers given by the people being questioned
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tone of voice
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what is the third step of a scientific poll
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ask well-written quesrions
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The belief that a winning political party is empowered by voters to carry out campaign promises is called a
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mandate
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What is the first step in a scientific poll?
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Define the universe
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Which of the following mirrors public opinion but also helps shape it
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The media
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Pollsters construct a sample in the second step of a scientific poll in order to
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find a group to represent the universe
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something that is not difficult for a poll to measure is
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substance
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What are two reasons that many people rely on newspapers for information instead of television?
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Newspapers usually cover stories in greater detail than television does. They also contain editorial sections that present different views concerning issues and candidates.
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Which statement best describes the role of mass media?
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Mass media provide most of the information people recieive
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What did the 1st amendment reveal about the attitude toward freedom held by the Framers of the U.S constitution
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They valued a free press
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Which form of mass media was initiated in 1920 with the broadcast of presidential election returns?
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radio
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How do political candidates use the media to their advantage?
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Mass media enable candidates to appeal directly to the people with less help from party organizations. Campaign managers control the location and other details of television appearances.
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Which is a definition of public agenda?
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Issues that capture the people's attention
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Uninformed voter, shallow reporting, and a focus on entertainment work together to do what
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limit media influence on American politics
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Between 2000 and 2008 how did Americans change the way they got their campaign news
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More people used the internet, and fewer people watched network news
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What internet development has changed political communication in the united state and around the world
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weblogs
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which is an example of a sound bite
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--
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What did the Framers add to the U.S constitution that showed the importance they placed on a free press
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The 1st Amendment
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which factor does NOT limit the influence of the media?
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Most people get their news from television
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Which President broadcast weekly fireside chats on the radio
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Franklin Roosevelt
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What is one example of a medium?
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the internet
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what is a medium
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a method of communication
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which is an electronic communication the is usually written by a single author and devoted to a single subject
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Internet weblogs
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The main purpose of interest groups is to
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Influence public policy
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What factor is most important in determining the effectiveness of an interest group?
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its size
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How are political parties different from interest groups
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Unlike parties, interest groups have no direct role in the nomination of candidates. They work to influence policy, not elections. They are focused on the concerns of their members rather than on all voters.
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What advantage does an interest group have over a political party?
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the ability to support any candidate
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How do interest groups increase political participation?
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They inform people, raise awareness of public affairs, and allow citizens to participate in government without running for office.
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How do interest groups help citizens participate in government?
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they allow citizens to affect policies without running for office
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Some people believe that interest groups pose risks to the American political system. What is one of these risks?
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Interest groups may seem bigger then they are
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what risk do some interest groups pose to the political system?
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Their influence may be larger than their numbers
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An interest group tracks the poor performance of an executive branch agency and reports this information to lawmakers. This is an informal example of which part of the political system
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Checks and Balances
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In the 1800's, Alexis de Tocqueville was impressed by ___ of American interest groups
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Diversity
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Interest groups are only responsible to
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Their own members
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what is the basis for interest groups' influence on government
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their size
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Which part of the constitution protects interest groups' rights to assemble and petition against the government?
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1st amendment
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which is the main concern of an interest group as compared to a political party?
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to shape public policy
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The American tradition of joining organizations has resulted in
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many interest groups of varying sizes
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What two groups of workers have recently been included in the AFL-CIO?
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The AFL-CIO now includes migrant farmworkers and public employees in its union.
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How are professional organizations different from business or labor groups?
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Most are not as organized or as well-financed as business or labor groups.
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which interest group represents large business
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national association of manufacturers
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A labor union is most likely to take a stand on which issue?
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minimum wage
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What is the goal of religious interest groups?
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to promote specific public policy that will benefit their members
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How are research groups different from other interest groups?
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Research groups are more scholarly in their approach
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If a jewish employee has trouble getting time off work to observe a jewish holiday, which interest group is most likely to take that person's side?
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Anti-Defamation League
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unlike other interest groups, public interest groups
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work for the benefit of the all citizens
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which type of interest groups are the american trucking association and the national restaurant association
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Trade Associations
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which group belongs to the AFL-CIO
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Service Employees International Union
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membership in labor unions has declined in recent years because of a decreased number of
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manufacturing jobs
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which organization is a public-interest group
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Public Citizen, INC.
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the largest number of interest groups are organized around which concern
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economic interests
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which group addresses the needs of military veterans?
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american legion
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what is the result of americans' tradition of joining interest groups?
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A large number of interest groups of all sizes.
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which issue is most likely to concern a labor union?
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minimum wage
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how are many professional organizations different from business and labor groups
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Professional organizations are usually less organized.
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the ___ represents large american businesses
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National Association of Manufactures
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which rule was created to restrict the influence that lobbyists have on lawmakers?
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Lobbyists cannot offer gifts to lawmakers
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Why do lobbyists target the executive branch?
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Lobbyists hope to influence the President's selection of top officials in executive agencies so they will have better chances of increasing policy support for their cause.
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lobbyists work to influence which branch or branches of the federal government
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executive, legislative, judicial
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Lobbyists often assist lawmakers by
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writing speeches and providing information
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which activity is an example of grass-roots lobbying?
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citizens phoning their representatives
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How has the internet influenced grass -roots lobbying efforts?
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the internet offers a low cost way to communicate with the general public
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What are two types of propaganda?
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name-calling and card stacking
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which form of communication is considered the most effective way to shape public opinion
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media coverage
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people who contact public officials to express the wishes of an interest group are called
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lobbyists
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interest groups help elect politicians by contributing funds to which organization
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political action committees
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lobbyists use a direct approach with ___ to affect decision making
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*not interest groups
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which activity is helpful to both public officials and interest groups?
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working for the election of sympathetic public officials
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lobbyists approach white house officials to
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*not file amicus curiae briefs
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why do lobbyists file amicus curiae briefs
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to show support for one side in a court case
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what is one way that lobbyists help lawmakers
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by writing speeches
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Which branches of the federal government can be influenced by lobbyists
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All three branches of government
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why do grass-roots lobbying efforts often succeed at influencing public policy
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Many Voters Can Express The Same Idea In A Short Time.
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Which is an example of an interest group using a direct approach?
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meeting with representatives
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Which group is not served by a professional organization?
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steel workers
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The largest number of interest groups are organized around which concern?
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economic interests
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Which is a legal limit on the direct method of lobbying members of Congress?
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Legislators cannot accept gifts from lobbyists.
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Which activity is against the law?
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bribing elected officials
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how did the framers resolve the conflict over the size of congress
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each state would have two senators, and the house makeup would be based on population
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why does each state have only two senators?
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To give small states equal representation in the Senate
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When does each session of Congress adjourn?
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Each session of Congress lasts until the work is completed. Congress usually adjourns in late fall each year.
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why did president franklin roosevelt call a special session of congress in 1933
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to address the economic crisis
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what conflict did the framer resolve by choosing a bicameral legislature?
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Large and small states could not agree on the size of Congress.
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the framers of the constitution created a bicameral legislature made up of
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--
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which comparison of the house and senate is true
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the house has more members than senate
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when can a bill be sent to the president for approval
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after both the House and the Senate pass the bill.
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a bicameral legislature describes a legislative body made of
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two chambers
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how many senators are serving in the senate today?
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100
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in which chamber does each state have the same number of votes, no matter how large or small its population
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The Senate
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why does california have many more house members than wyoming?
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california's population is larger
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in each state is represented according to the size of its population
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house of representatives
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how long is one term for a member of the house of representatives
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two years
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which bests describes the speaker of the house?
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the speaker runs the house's business
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Which best describes the Speaker of the House?
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the speaker runs the house's business
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which statement identifies an important power of the speaker of the house
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the speaker places members of the house on committees
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How does the census help determine how House seats should be distributed among the states?
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The census tracks the population of each state. A decrease in population might require that a state loses representatives, just as an increase in population might allow a state to gain a representative. This task falls to the Census Bureau.
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which has the final authority to determine the number of seats for each state
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the congress
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which statement best describes off-year elections?
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they happen in years when there is no presidential election
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what was the supreme court's ruling in wesberry b. sanders?
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one person's vote should be worth the same as another
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how did th e wesberry v. sanders decision affect many of the states
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it changed the way many states drew district boundaries
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which allows the house to judge the qualifications and election results of its own members?
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the constitution
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under the constitution, congresisional elections are held
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on the same day in every state
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how often does the constitution require congress to reapportion seats in the house of representatives
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every ten years
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to be selected, how long must house members have been citizens of the united states
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at least seven years
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how often are elections held for the house of representatives
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every two years
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each of the 435 members of the house of representatives is elected
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from a district in a state
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to avoid punishment for serious crimes, house members will sometimes
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resign from office
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what is determined by the census that is taken every ten years
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The number of house seats per state.
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what was the effect of the reapportionment act of 1929 on the house of representatives
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It limited the number of seats in the House to 435
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how is each state's representation in the house of representatives determined
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it is based on population
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which statement best reflects the role of a senator
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a senator represents the entire state
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Senators are often concerned with issues that affect the entire country, such as
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social security
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What are the qualifications required for Senators?
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Senators must be at least 30 years old, citizens of the United states for at least nine years, and residents of the state they represent
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The Senate is a continuous body, which means that
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all of its sears are not up for election at the same time
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the Framers of the constitution wanted to be sure that every state would be represented
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equally in the senate
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which is an informal qualification to run for the senate?
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The candidate must appeal to a wide range of voters.
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there are __ senators from each state
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2
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in which political body does each state have the same number of votes, no matter how large or small its population
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the Senate
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who has the power to expel senators from office
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the senate
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candidates who went to run for the senate must be at least
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30 years old
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how many senators serve in the senate today?
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100
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for whom do senators and representatives work?
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The people who elect them
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how many members of the senate have been expelled
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15
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which is true about a sentor's term in office?
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it is three times longer than the term of a member of the house
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which is typically true about the personal or political backgrounds of members of congress
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most have many years of political expirience
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which statement accurately reflects changes in congress
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the number of members that are part of the minority groups is increasing
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What are the four ways a member of Congress can vote?
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Members can vote as delegates of the people, as trustees based on the merit of the bill, as partisans who vote along party lines, or as politicos who combine all three.
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A member of congress acting as a trustee casts a vote for a bill based on his or her
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personal opinion
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Which statement best describes a politico?
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a person who considers personal views along with views of the party and the people
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What special privilege does the Constitution give to members of Congress that is not related to money or finances?
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The Constitution says that whatever a member of Congress says in a congressional debate cannot be questioned in court. This privilege does not apply if a member attacks another person verbally or in writing.
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which is not a benefit that members of congress enjoy?
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freedom from lawsuits
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what is the most important job a member of congress does
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?
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a bill can be acted on by the full membership only when its chosen for ___ by committee members
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Floor Consideration
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which statement best describes senators and members of the house of representatives
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Most are part of the upper-middle class.
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which is true about members of the house of representatives?
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their average age is 57
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All the members of Congress can vote on a bill when
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the senate or house committees move it to floor consideration
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what is a drawback of a member of congress voting as a partisan
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?
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how does article I section 6 of the constitution protect members of congress
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protects free speech for congressional debates
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when members of congress vote with their political party, they are acting as
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Partisans.
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what is a benefit of a member of congress voting as a politico
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the member considers all views before voting on the bill
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What is the most important job a member of congress does
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voting on a bill
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when a member of congress votes as a delegate, he or she
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represents the opinions of the voters of the state
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Which part of Article I of the Constitution grants Congress most of its expressed powers?
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Section 8
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which is not an expressed power of the U.S congress
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the power to establish public schools
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which kind of congressional powers are common to all national governments?
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inherent powers
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Why was the Supreme Court ruling in Gibbons v. Ogden such an important decision?
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The ruling paved the way for a transportation revolution and the involvement of the federal government in many areas of life.
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The Framers added the Commerce Clause in the Constitution to prevent
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states from passing their own laws
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Congress would not be able to use the Commerce Clause to
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force ships from new york to pay taxes to new jersey
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What is the difference between a tax and a tariff?
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A tax is charged by the government on its people to help pay for public needs and services; a tariff is imposed on imported foreign goods to help protect the home country's industries.
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A tax imposed on imported goods to keep American industries in business is called
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a protective tariff
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A person or business that pays an indirect tax to the government
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passes the cost of the tax to consumers
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What type of power permitted congress to create Greenbacks
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the currency power
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In what cases has the government used deficit financing?
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to assist in matters such as the Great Depression, wars, and social programs
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what is the term used for all of the money borrow by the government and the interest on the money that is borrowed
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public debt
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what power enables the federal government to fund social programs during times of economic hardship such as the great depression?
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the borrowing power
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which is true of all indirect taxes collected by Congress
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They must be collected at the same rate throughout the country
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in all but seven years sense 1930, the federal government
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has been in debt
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congress have expressed powers, implied powers, and
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inherent
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Article I, section 8 of the constitution lists ____of congress
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the expressed powers
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money that a creditor must by law accept in payment for debts is called
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legal tender
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the first case that tested the Commerce Clause to come before the Supreme Court involved
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Interstate transportation
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powers not specificially granted to Congress in the Constitution but suggested by the powers written there are called
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implied powers
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in the united states bankruptcy laws are regulated by
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The federal government and the states
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which can congress do under the expressed powers granted to it by the constitution?
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regulate interstate trade
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which type of currency was not used in the United states during its early years
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greenbacks
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why did the framers give congress the power to issue currency
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so there would be a single, national system of hard money
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the power that the constitution gives congress for foreign affairs
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is an expressed power
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which is not a foreign affairs power given to congress
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deficit financing
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How is the War Powers Resolution an example of checks and balances?
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It limits the President's power; Congress took back some of the powers the Presidents had assumed.
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according to the constitution, who is granted the power to declare war?
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congress
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How is a copyright different from a patent?
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A copyright protects creative works for the life of the artist plus 70 years. A patent is a license to use or sell exclusively an invention or creation for up to 20 years.
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What is eminent domain?
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the power of the federal government to take private property for public use
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which explains the difference between a patent and a copyright
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a patent protects an invention, a copyright protects creative work
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Using its judicial powers, Congress can define and set the punishments for
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printing counterfeit currency
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a person who sells music that was created by someone else could
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be sued in court for copyright infringement
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Congress has the power to set up and organize all ___ below the Supreme Court
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federal courts
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the constitution gives the president most of the responsibility for
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foreign policy
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what is an exclusive right of a person or company to reproduce, publish, or sell a creative work
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a copyright
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congress has the power to act on national security issues such as fighting terrorism and
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immigration
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the foreign affairs powers of congress come from the constitution and
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?
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the constitution gives only ___ the power to make rules for governing the armed forces
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congress
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a copyright is good for what length of time?
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the life of the artist plus 70 years
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What is the purpose of the Necessary and Proper Clause in the constitution?
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it allows congress to make laws not covered by its expressed powers
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How has the doctrine of implied powers increased the power of Congress
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it allows congress to create laws to carry out its duties
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The expressed power to raise and support an army and navy gives congress implied power to
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set aside funds for states to create military schools
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What are some of the factors that have increased federal power?
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wars, economic problems, and other national emergencies
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How did strict constructionists feel about implied powers?
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implied powers gave the national government too much power
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Which is the best description of how strict constructionists thought a liberal constructionist view would effect the nation
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The states' powers would be restricted and weakened
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What makes it possible for Congress to regulate air travel?
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implied power through the Commerce Clause
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who can decide when implied powers taken by congress have exceeded the expressed powers
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the Supreme Court
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because congress uses a broad definition of the power to regulate commerce,
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?
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liberal and strict constructionists would most likely disagree over which power of congress
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regulating the workplace
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liberal constructionist want congress to
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create new powers, as needed, over time
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why is it important for congress to make laws based on powers that are implied but not given?
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So Congress can carry out its duties as times change
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strict constructionists want congress to
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only expressed powers
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Which is an implied power of congress
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?
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the __ can decide when congress has gone too far in using implied powers
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supreme court
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one example of congress using implied powers in education is the rise in
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women's athletic programs
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liberal constructionists has led to __ in the united states
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a large national governement
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the ___ is also known as the Elastic Clause
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Necessary and Proper Clause
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What are the two ways that Congress can amend the Constitution
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Congress can propose amendments to the Constitution by a two-thirds vote in each house or by calling a national convention of state delegates.
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The constitution allows congress to call a convention to propose an amendment if it has been requested by a two-thirds majority vote of
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state legislatures
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under what set of circumstances might congress decide a presidential election
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if no candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes, the house votes by state to decide the winner
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How many votes does conviction after impeachment require?
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Conviction requires a two-thirds vote in the Senate.
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After president bill Clinton was impeached by the house, he was
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acquitted by the senate
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when a president is tried following impeachment, the trial is led by
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The Cheif Justice of the Supreme Court
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What is the process by which Congress approves or rejects presidential appointments?
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Presidential appointments must be confirmed by a majority vote in the Senate.
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The executive powers given to Congress by the constitution serve as checks and balances between the senate and
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the President
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Congress exercises its implied power to investigate by
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using committees and subcommittees
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an unwritten rule that can sometimes dictate the confirmation of presidential appointments is known as
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Senatorial Courtesy
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a treaty requires the approval of
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the thirds of the senators
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States have asked congress for each of the following proposed amendments to the constitution except
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an amendment to limit a President to two terms in office
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the term impeach means
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to charge an official with a crime
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who chooses the vice president if none of the candidates for that office receives a majority of electoral votes
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*not house of representatives
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under the 12th amendment, if no candidate receives a majority of electoral votes for president
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the house votes by state to decide the winner
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all of the following are non-legislative powers except
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*not impeachment powers
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how did president richard nixon avoid being impeached
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he resigned from the presidency
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who presides over a senate trial after a president is impeached
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The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
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from what source does congress get its investigative powers
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They are implied in Article I, Section 1 of the Constitution
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creating and passing laws is the main job of which branch of government
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the legislative branch
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after the clerk calls the members of the House of Representatives to order
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The house chooses the Speaker of the House
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why does the vice president serve as presiding officer of the senate
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because the constitution requires it
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which is the vice president's most important role when serving as president of the senate
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break tie votes
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What leaders are chosen during the party caucus meetings?
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The majority and minority floor leaders are chosen during the party caucus meetings.
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what is a closed meeting of one party's House or Senate members called
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a party caucus
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What does the seniority rule ensure?
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The seniority rule ensures that members of Congress with the most experience become the committee chairmen.
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who is responsible for decided which bills a committee will consider
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the committee chairman
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what is the main job of a party whip?
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?
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which is the best example of the seniority rule
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A four-term senator is appointed to an important job over a first-term senator
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how are the leaders of the two parties in Congress chosen
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Members vote at a party caucus before Congress organizes
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what happens after congress is organized
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A State of the Union address is given.
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congress starts a new term on
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January 3 of every odd-numbered year
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who presides over the senate when the president of the Senate is not present
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president pro tempore
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Most of the work in Congress is done by
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the standing committees
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Who is the leaser of the house of representatives
answer
the speaker of the house
question
which the first task of the house of representatives after it is called to order
answer
to choose a speaker of the house
question
after the vice president who is next in line to become the president of the united states
answer
?
question
what is a permanent committee that considers a specific topic called
answer
a standing committee
question
which house of representatives committee is responsible for deciding how the federal government should raise money
answer
the ways and means committee
question
why is the house rules committee so powerful
answer
it decides what bills will be considered by the full house
question
A committee set up for a limited time to consider a specific question of national importance is called
answer
a select committee
question
which is an example of a select committee
answer
the senate watergate committee
question
What is the difference between a conference committee and a joint committee?
answer
A joint committee deals with matters best handled by the two houses working together. A conference committee settles Senate and House differences in a bill.
question
What does a conference committee do?
answer
settles differences in the house and senate versions of a bill
question
customarily, what is given the most consideration when deciding who will serve on which committee?
answer
How long a member has served in congress
question
what type of committee is responsible for setting differences between the house and senate versions of a bill
answer
A Conference Committee
question
what is one similarity between joint committees and conference committees
answer
Both are made up of members from both houses of congress
question
what must happen before a bill is presented for discussion to the entire house or senate?
answer
A standing committee must must approve it.
question
what is the main responsibility of the house ways and means committee
answer
deciding how to raise money for the federal government
question
who holds the most seats on a standing committee
answer
the majority party
question
senators who consider issues related to farming are most likely to be member of a subcommittee of which standing committee
answer
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
question
which is not a responsibility of a subcommittee
answer
to appoint committee members
question
the senate watergate committee was an example of
answer
*not conference committee
question
What is the difference between a public bill and a private bill?
answer
Public bills apply to the whole country. Private bills pertain to places or people.
question
congress considers several new bills during each session. What is a bill
answer
an idea for a new law or a change to an old law
question
When a standing committee sets aside a bill and no longer considers it, the bill has been
answer
pigeonhold
question
what document must be signed by a majority of the house for the release of a bill that is held up by a standing committee
answer
a discharge petition
question
Which committee sets a day when a bill is taken from the calendar and discussed on the floor?
answer
the Rules Committee
question
what helps house members organize their work and make sure everything is completed
answer
calendars
question
which is an example of the house suspending its own rules?
answer
the house considers an important bill out of turn
question
What is the purpose of the Committee of the Whole?
answer
The Committee of the Whole allows the House to deal with important bills more rapidly, because only 100 members need to be present, rather than a quorum, or majority.
question
When house members meet as one large committee, they are acting as a
answer
committee of the whole
question
what happens next after a bill reaches the floor of the house
answer
it is given a second reading
question
what is a joint resolution?
answer
a proposal for action that has the force of law when passed
question
each statement about bills becoming laws is true except
answer
most bills that are considered become laws
question
why do members of congress send letters explaining their bills to other members of congress
answer
to gain other members' support before introducing their bill.
question
when does the house consider bills from the corrections calendar
answer
Tuesdays
question
sometimes people appear before a committee to provide more information related to a bill. what is this called
answer
a public hearing
question
after a bill receives its first reading, the next step is to
answer
send the bill to a standing committee
question
During debate, how long can a house member speak without getting permission to continue
answer
one hour
question
what is the committee of the whole
answer
house members acting as one large committee
question
how are bills introduced in the senate
answer
bills are given a number, read twice, and then sent to a standing committee
question
a long speech designed to keep the Senate from voting on a bill is a
answer
fillbuster
question
Three fifths of the senate can vote to limit debate on a subject 30 hours of floor time. this is called
answer
the cloture rule
question
what happens when on house does not agree to the changes the other house makes to a bill
answer
the bill goes to a conference comittee
question
the constitution requires that every bill, order, and resolution be
answer
presented to the president
question
what is the name given to an indirect rejection of a bill that occurs when the president does not act with a certain time
answer
pocket veto
question
The veto and the pocket veto are two ways the ___ can reject a bill
answer
president
question
who usually handles bills on the senate floor?
answer
the majority leader
question
how did Senator Strom Thurmond try to prevent the passage of the civil rights act of 1957?
answer
by filbuster
question
A bill is given a number, read twice, and sent to a standing committee. What does this describe
answer
How a bill is introduced in the Senate
question
the ___ requires that ever bill, order, and resolution be presented to the President
answer
constitution
question
What happens after the president signs a bill?
answer
it becomes law
question
what is a fillbuster?
answer
an effort to talk long enough to prevent a vote on a bill
question
what is the next step after a conference committee completes its work on a bill
answer
Both houses vote on the bill again.
question
what happens after both houses pass the exact same bill
answer
It goes to the President.
