Gould’s Pathophisiology: Chapter 8,9,16,19. – Flashcards
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Which of the following area lacks blood vessels and nerves?
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Epidermis
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What is a raised, thin-walled lesion containing clear fluid called?
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vesicle
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Which of the following is a common effect of a type 1 hypersensitivity response to ingested substances?
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Urticaria-Hives
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Which of the following skin lesion are usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus?
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Furnucles- boils
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Which of the following statements applies to impetigo?
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the infection is highly contagious
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What is the common signal that a recurrence of herpes simplex infection is developing?
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mild tingling along the nerve or on the lips
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Herpes virus is usually spread by all of the following EXCEPT:
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contaminated blood
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Tinea capitis is an infection involving what?
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the scalp
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Plantar warts are caused by?
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human papilloma virus- HPV
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Which of the following statements regarding acute necrotizing fasciitis is TRUE?
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infection rapidly causes extensive tissue necrosis and toxic shock
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Which lesion distinguishes Tinea corporis (Ringworm)?
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erythematous ring of vesicles with a clear center
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SYSTEMIC effects of acute necrotizing fasciitis include:
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toxic shock and disorientation
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The cause of contact dermatitis can often be identified by?
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noting the location and the size of the lesion
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one factor that is responsible for increasing the mortality rate among patients suffering with necrotizing fasciitis is?
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a delay in initial diagnosis
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What cells produce new bone?
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osteoblasts
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What is the chemical transmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?
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Acetylcholine-AcH
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What are the two types of bone tissues?
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compact and cancellous (spongy)
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Which of the following would identify an open or compound fracture?
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The skin and soft tissue are exposed at the fracture site
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All of the following predispose to osteoporosis EXCEPT? -weight-bearing activity -a sedentary lifestyle -long-term intake of glucocorticoids -calcium deficit
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weight bearing activity
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which of the following statement does NOT apply to osteoporosis?
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Osteoporosis is always the Primary disorder
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What is a typical characteristic of the pain caused by osteoarthritis?
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Increases with weight-bearing activity
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What limits joint movement in osteoarthritis?
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The osteophytes (bone spurs) and irregular cartilage surface
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What is the basic pathology of rheumatoid arthritis?
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Systemic inflammatory disorder due to an autoimmune reaction
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How is the articular cartilage damaged in rheumatoid arthritis?
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Enzymatic destruction by the pannus (area of tissue)
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Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis differs from the adult form in that:
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the rheumatoid factor is not present in JRA, but systemic effects are more severe.
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Which of the following distinguishes septic arthritis?
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Purulent synovial fluid present in a single, swollen joint.
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Which of the following may precipitate an attack of gout?
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a sudden increase in serum uric acid levels
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What is the likely immediate result of a fat emboli from a broken femur?
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pulmonary inflammation and obstruction
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a sprain is a tear in a?
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ligament
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fluid-filled sacs composed of synovial membrane located between structures such as tendons and ligaments and acts as additional cushions are called?
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bursae
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What kind of control mechanism is indicated when increased blood glucose levels stimulate increased secretion of insulin?
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negative feedback control
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What is the most common cause of endocrine disorders?
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benign tumor
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which of the following indicated hypoglycemia in a diabetic?
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staggering gait, disorientation, and confusion
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immediate treatment for insulin shock may include?
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consumption of fruit juice or candy
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Diabetes may cause visual impairment through damage to the lens, this is referred to as?
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cataracts
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Why is amputation frequently a necessity in diabetics?
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Necrosis and gangrene in the feet and legs
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a type of diabetes that may develop during pregnancy and disappear after delivery is called?
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gestational diabetes
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which of the following applies to acromegaly?
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it results from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH in adults)
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Which signs are typical of Grave's disease (hyperthroidism)?
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Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) and tachycardia
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Characteristics of Cushing's syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT? -heavy body/round face -atrophied skeletal muscles in the limbs -staring eyes with infrequent blinking -atrophy of the lymph nodes
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staring eyes with infrequent blinking
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complications of diabetes mellitis include:
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peripheral neuropathy, frequent infections, cataracts
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goiters may be caused by?
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either hypothyroid or hyperthyroid conditions
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Which of the following are common, early significant signs of acute prostatitis?
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soft, tender, enlarged gland and pelvic pain
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Which of the following applies to benign prostatic hypertrophy?
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manifestations include hesitancy, dribbling and frequency
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why does frequent need for urination occur with benign prostatic hypertrophy?
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incomplete emptying of the bladder
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which of the following is the common first site for metastasis from prostatic cancer?
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bone- because it is close to the lumbar spine
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What is a useful serum marker during treatment for prostatic cancer?
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prostate-specific antigen (psa)
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why does severe pain occur with each menstrual cycle in endometriosis?
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inflammation due to blood irritating the endometrial tissue
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with pelvic inflammatory disease, why does infection spread easily into the peritoneal cavity?
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the fallopian tubes are obstructed, and purulent exudate cannot drain into the uterus
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what is a major predisposing factor to cervical cancer?
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infection with herpes simplex virus hpv
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what is a significant early sign of endometrial carcinoma?
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minor vaginal bleeding and spotting
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which sexually transmitted infection is/are considered asymptomatic in women? -chlamydia -gonorrhea -syphillis
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all of them- chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphillis
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which of the following infections may be transmitted from the mother to the fetus during delivery?
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gonorrhea,chlamydia, herpes simplex
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which of the following STD is considered to be a systemic infection?
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syphilis
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which of the following is the most common cause of acute bacteria prostatitis?
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E. coli
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Painful menstruation is called?
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dysmenorrhea
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vaginal candidiasis is frequently predisposed by?
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systemic antibacterial therapy (antibiotics)
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Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis because?
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vague signs and hidden location lead to late diagnosis
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Cancer of the prostate serum markers?
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PSA- prostate-specific antigen
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treatment of joint injuries
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RICE-rest, ice, compression and elevation
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ctlsc, 7,12,5,9
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c that little stinker climb- vertebra
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chondro
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cartiledge
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right sided heart failure
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pitting edema in the hands/feet, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), Ascites (fluid in the peritoneal cavity causing abdominal swelling), anorexia (systemic circulation)
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left sided heart failure
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dry hacking cough, crackles, fatigue, orthopnea, blood tinged sputum, weight gain (pulmonary)
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The 11 body systems
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MR DICE RUNS Laps: muscular, reproductive, digestive, integumentary, circulatory,endocrine, respiratory, urinary, nervous, skeletal, lymphatic.
