gly1102 topic 21-37

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question
The head of Coelophysis is crowned with 2 bony crests that give it its name (2 crest).
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false
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Dinosaurs inhabited all continents.
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true
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This theropod has only 2 digits on the manus.
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tyrannosaurus
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Theropods had the largest brain (relative to body size) among dinosaurs.
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true
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Allosaurus has a distinctive ridge above and in front of the eyes.
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true
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Velociraptor had an elongated skull, a flat nose and long, functional arms.
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true
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Dromaeosaurs have an enlarged second toe-claw on each foot that it used in making slashing attacks.
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true
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Coelurosaurs have a greater heightening of the ascending process of the astragalus, a splint of bone that originates at the main articulating joint of the astragalus and covering the lower quarter of the shin (tibia).
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true
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The name \"Ceratosauria\" means horned lizard.
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true
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Theropods have solid bones.
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false
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To John Ostrom, the anatomy of Deinonychus was one of an agile, active and intelligent hunter, and thus he began a reevaluation of the nature of dinosaur behavior and metabolism that continues to today.
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true
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There is some evidence that raptors were pack hunters.
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true
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True about theropods
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They have hollow bones. Their tail was stiff and acted as a body balance. They have claws on all fingers and toes. Their teeth (most of them) were generally sharp, large, serrated, and recurved.
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Tyrannosaurus evolved only a few million years before the extinction of the dinosaurs.
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true
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Carcharodontosaurus has extremely long neural spines along the top of the vertebrate of the back, hips, and tail.
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false
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Tetanurae were the most primitive theropods.
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false
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Dromaeosaurs or raptors diversified during this period.
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Cretaceous
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The signiture characteristic of (blank) is that it has extremely long neural spines (43 cm, 17 inches) along the top of the vertebrate of the back, hips, and tail.
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Acrocanthosaurus
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Ornithomimosaurus had not teeth and is known as the \"bird mimic lizard.\"
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true
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The Ghost Ranch video was taken in the quarry where this dinosaur is found.
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Coelophysis
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Dinosaurs inhabited all continents
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True
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The name \"Ceratosauria\" means horned lizard
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True
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There is some evidence that raptors were pack hunters.
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True
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Tyrannosaurus evolved only a few million years prior to the extinction of dinosaurs.
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True
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To John Ostrom, the anatomy of Deinonychus was one of an agile, active and intelligent hunter, and thus he began a re-evaluation of the nature of dinosaur behavior and metabolism that continues to today.
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True
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This theropod has only two digits on the manus.
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Tyrannosaurus
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Dromaeosaurus or raptors diversified during this period.
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Cretaceous
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Ornithomimosaurus had no teeth and is known as the \"bird mimic lizard\".
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True
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Theropods had the largest brain (relative to body size) among dinosaurs.
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True
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The Ghost Ranch video was taken at the quarry where this dinosaur was found.
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Ceolophysis
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Coelurosaurs have a greater heightening of the ascending process of the astragalus, a splint of bone that originates at the main articulating joint of the astragalus and covering the lower quarter of the shin (tibia).
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True
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The signature characteristic of _____________ is that it has extremely long neural spines (43 cm, 17 in) along the top of the vertebrate of the back, hips, and tail.
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Acrocanthosaurus
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Velociraptor had an elongated skull, a flat nose and long, functional arms.
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True
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The head of Ceolophysis is crowned with two bony crests that give it its name (two-crest).
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False
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Which of the following features is true about theropods?
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All are true (their teeth were generally sharp, large, serrated, and recurved; they have hollow bones; they have claws on all fingers and toes; their tail was stiff and acted as a body balance)
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Allosaurus has a distinctive ridge above and in front of eyes.
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True
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Dromaeosaurs have an enlarged second toe-claw on each foot that it used in making slashing attacks.
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True
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Tetanurae were the most primitive theropods.
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False
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Carcharodontosaurus has extremely long neural spines along the top vertebrate of the back, hips, and tail.
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False
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Theropods have solid bones.
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False
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This South American country has been the site of the most exciting new large dinosaur finds:
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Argentina
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Which of these dinosaurs was not living during the Late Cretaceous?
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Coelophysis
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The Sauropoda were all bipedal herbivores.
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False
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The Brachiosauridae have longer forelimbs than hind limbs.
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True
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Some sauropods significantly exceeded 100 feet in length.
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True
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Which of the following statements about the Sauropoda is false?
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None of these (lightly-built vertebrate with struts and buttresses and pleurocoels; 12 or more cervical vertebrate; 4 or more sacral vertebrae; massive solid limbs)
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The Titanosauridae were more common in the Gondwana (Southern) continents than in the Northern Hemisphere.
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True
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The Sauropoda is a small clade of plant-eaters containing no more than 10 genera.
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False
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Sauropods with a humerus-to-femur ratio of less than one have front limbs longer than hind limbs.
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False
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The teeth of Apatosaurus are _______.
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Peg-like
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The sauropodomorpha evolved during the Early Triassic and survived to the end of the Cretaceous.
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False
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The maximum number of caudal vertebrate among the Diplodocidae is _______.
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More than 70
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______ is the only sauropod found in North America above the \"Sauropod Hiatus\", an approximately 20-25 million year interval of the Upper Cretaceous without sauropods.
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Alamosaurus
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Diplodocidae had relatively short tails.
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False
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Prosauropods and sauropods evolved from a common unknown ancestor.
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True
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Which of the following is not considered to be a prosauropod?
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Apatosaurus
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______ was a sauropod covered with a protective pavement of globular or button-like bony plates covering its back.
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Saltasaurus
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The humerus-to-femur ratio of the Diplodocidae is greater than 1.
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False
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Apatosaurus was formerly known as Brontosaurus (the latter is a jr. synonym).
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True
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This sauropod was the ultimate tree-top browser.
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Brachiosaurus
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Sauropod feet had big fleshy pads
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True
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The Sauropoda are found on all continents, except Antarctica.
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True
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The Iguanodontia have closely packed batteries of teeth.
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True
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Hadrosaurus are differentiated into two subfamilies based upon their skull characteristics, the flat-roofed or solid-crested Hadrosaurinae and the hollow-crested Lambeosaurinae.
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True
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Saurolophus and Prosaurolophus are two examples of members of the Hadrosaurinae which includes those hadrosaurids with a fairly flat skull roof or head crest of solid bone.
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True
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Ornithopods are not known to have been herding animals.
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False
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Hadrosaurs may have had inflatable air sacs over the flat dorsal portion of the skull surrounding the external nostrils.
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True
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Circumnarial depressions surrounding the nasal opening of hadrosaurines were:
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Probably covered by an inflatable skin sack
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Which of the following hadrosaurs was named after a Canadian city?
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Edmontosaurus
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All ornithopods were quadrupedal.
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False
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Othnielia, a small member of the Hypsilophodontidae family of ornithopods, was named in honor of a famous dinosaur paleontologist, being named for the first name of _______.
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Marsh
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Which of the following about hadrosaurs is false?
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They have a single tooth row of large teeth on each side of the jaw.
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The so-called duck-billed hadrosaurs were restricted to the Jurassic Period.
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False
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This genus of ornithopods is the type genus of an early family and clade of ornithopods and derives its name from the fact that it has different types of teeth.
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Heterodontosaurus
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Computer simulations have been made of the sound once produced by the long hollow crest of this hadrosaur.
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Parasaurolophus
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Which statement about the Iguanodontia is false?
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They had small external nostrils
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Ossified or bony tendons in the tails of many ornithopods served to _____.
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Stiffen the tail
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Ornithopods were remarkably diverse and distributed throughout the world.
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True
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Lambeosaurus was a large, duck-billed dinosaur with a bony head crest shaped like a hatchet.
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True
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The crests of lambeosaurines varied in species according to age and sex.
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True
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The genus from the large Euornithopoda clade was bipedal, only 2-5 meters long, and exhibited the specialized chewing arrangement of more advanced ornithopods.
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Hypsilophodon
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Which of the following dinosaurs had batteries of large numbers of teeth organized into large rasping surfaces?
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Hadrosauridae
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This member of the Iguanodontia is intermediate in size between Dryosaurus and Iguanodon.
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Camptosaurus
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The ability of ornithopods to chew on both sides of the mouth at the same time is referred to as:
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Bilateral occlusion
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Which of the following plant eaters depended least on spines or plates for defense?
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Ornithopods
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Most ornithopods chewed their food by allowing the upper and lower teeth to shear past each other in a chewing mechanism called:
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Pleurokinesis
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Stegosaurus has never been found buried in the same deposit as Allosaurus.
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False
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The pairs of terminal tail spines and the pointed parascapular spines in other stegosaurus seem to have been the main means of defense.
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True
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Scutellosaurus is considered a primitive thyreophoran partially because it has a large number of keeled osteoscutes.
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True
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Stegosaurus had osteoderms/osteocutes covering portions of its neck.
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True
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Kentrosaurus has a large hollow in two sacral vertebrae that has been mistakenly interpreted as the location of a second brain.
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True
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Which of the following is considered to represent the base of the thyreophoran family tree?
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Scutellosaurus
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The Thyreophora is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs.
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True
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The ____ have one or more rows of armored plates (or osteoscutes) set in the skin above or along the vertebral column and a post-orbital process of the jugal bone expanded transversely.
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Stegosauria
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The Stegosauria have been found only in North America.
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False
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The only Stegosaur to have remains indicating some herding behavior is ____.
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Kentrosaurus
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The osteoscutes of stegosaurus were attached directly to the skeleton fixing them rigidly in place.
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False
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Which statement about Stegosaurus is false?
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It has a high skull
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This Asian stegosaur is the type of genus of the family bearing its name and has a spike-shaped armor along the body midline and rows of armor plates along each side of the spike row.
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Huayangosaurus
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The plates of Stegosaurus are aligned in a single row along the midline.
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False
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Stegosaurs first appeared during Late Jurassic.
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False
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None of the Stegosauridae family have plate-like osteoderms across the back, sacrum, and tail.
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False
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Which of these Stegosauria is the smallest?
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Scutellosaurus
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Huayangosaurus had osteoscutes that were embedded in the skin, forming rows from the head to the tail, arranged primarily on the upper flanks.
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False
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Scutellosaurus and Scelidosaurus are primitive thyreophora from the Lower Jurassic possessing parallel rows of keeled dermal armor scutes along the back surface of the body.
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True
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Which of the following groups did the fewest number of species represent?
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The stegosaurs
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Mymoorapelta resembles a comination between an Ankylosaurus and Nodosaurus.
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False
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Most ankylosaurus weighed 3000 to 4000 kg.
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True
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Polacanthids are medium to large (e.g. Gastonia), and occurred primarily in the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Europe and North America.
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True
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Ankylosaurs were small-to-relatively large, bipedal, carnivorous, ornithischian dinosaurs.
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False
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Which of the following about the Polacanthidae is false?
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They have a tail club, fused sacral armor covers the hips.
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Only the fenestrae and ankylosaurs were unarmored.
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False
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The oldest ankylosaurs come from the Middle Jurassic and survived to the end fo the Cretaceous.
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True
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Nodosaurus is about 5.5 m long and the entire body was covered by bony plates that formed a thick continuous covering over the torso.
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True
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Ankylosaurus were quadrupeds with a lowly held head, indicating that they were low browsers.
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True
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Panoplosaurus lacks tall spines as part of its armor but has a relatively wide skull.
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True
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Ankylosaurs have batteries of teeth that form large rasping surfaces.
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False
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Ankylosaurus and Euoplocephalus are members of a North America calde of anklosaurs.
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True
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Panoplosaurus was the first ankylosaur to be described from North America.
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False
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The skulls of this family of ankylosaurs are narrow (pear-shaped form above), longer than the width and lacks horns of the rear corners.
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Nodosauridae
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Ankylosaurids exhibit differences in their beaks, in some the beak is scoop-shaped and relatively narrow but in others the beak is broad.
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True
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The Ankylosauridae, or ankylosaurids, are armored dinosaurs having a large club fo bone on the end of the tail.
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True
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Gastonia, the \"walking hedge of thorns,\" is a member of this family of ankylosaurs.
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Polacanthidae
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All the tail vertebrae of the Ankloysaurus tail were fused together stiffening the entire tial.
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False
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Ankylosaurs have a large, armored head and a relatively long, thick neck.
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False
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The differences in the width of an ankylosaurid beaks may be related to differences in the types of foliage and fruit in their diets.
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True
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The Linnaean system of nomenclature provides a uniform language of communication for scientists to refer to the same object or species.
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True
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Dinosaur tracks and trackways demonstrate that dinosaurs were diagonal walkers, meaning there is an angle between the mid-line of travel and successive right and left footprints.
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True
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The term gastrolith refers to fossilized fecal material.
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False
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The initial step in measuring dinosaurs tracks and trackways is to measure the size and shape of individual fore (manus) and hind (pes) footprints and the angles and distances between them.
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True
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Quadruped tracks generally reveal differences in the size and shape of rear and front prints.
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True
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The term ____ refers to those tracks with four digits.
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Tetradactyl
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The largest of the front prints of sauropods are more than a meter long and deep as a bathtub.
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True
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Among the important measurements taken at trackways is the depth of the impression.
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False
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Tracks of stegosaurs are extremely rare which suggests that stegosaurs were probably upland or dryland animals, rarely near wetland areas where tracks are preserved.
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True
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Dinosaur tracks are best preserved in sediment that was moist but not too moist.
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True
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Dinosaur tracks have been found on all continents, except ______.
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Antarctica
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Quadruped tracks are the most common type of dinosaur tracks, suggesting that most dinosaurs walked on four legs.
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False
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In some places bedding planes are completely covered with dinosaur tracks. They most often seem to occur around watering holes but may also be developed along migratory paths. These types of track occurrences are called ______.
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Dinosaur stomping grounds
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Theropod tracks generally have relatively long and narrow digit impressions, each digit ending with sharp, slender claw marks.
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True
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Coprolites are trace fossils representing stones that were swallowed to assist in the digestion of food.
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False
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Dinosaurs did not drag their tail or belly, indicating they walked upright with their limbs directly (or nearly so) under their body.
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True
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The heel of tridactyl theropod tracks is more rounded than the hell of tridactyl hadrosaurs tracks.
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False
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More than one consecutive dinosaur track is a ______.
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Trackway
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The term \"pentadactyl\" refers to a foot or hand with how many digits?
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5
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The stride refers to the distance between successive steps, for example, the distance between the step of your right foot and your next step of the left foot.
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False
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Although some fossilized dinosaur organs have been recovered, none of these is of a heart.
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False
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Bacterial infection from bites and scratches may have been lethal to dinosaurs.
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True
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Three-dimensional vision occurs because each eye sees an object at a slightly different angle, therefore, projecting a slightly different image on the retina.
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True
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In rare cases, internal organs may be represented as fossil molds or casts, even more rarely they are mineralized.
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True
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Allosaurus and Carcharadontosaurus had binocular fields of vision half as wide and more similar to modern alligators. These dinosaurs may have ben ambush predators.
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True
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Dinosaurs developed tumors, had arthritis, and suffered from diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).
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True
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The blood pressure required to pump blood from the heart to the head is a function of the distance and elevation of the head form the heart.
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True
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A hatchling of this dinosaur was found in Italy with fossilized traces of muscles, large intestines, windpipe, and a liver spot.
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Scipionyx
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Binocular vision occurs where the two monocular fields of view overlap and it is within the binocular range that an animal experiences depth perception.
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True
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Active predators tend to have a narrower range of depth perception than scavengers or ambush predators.
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False
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All animals have different monocular and binocular ranges of vision.
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True
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Active predators tend to have a narrower range of depth perception than scavengers or ambush predators.
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False
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Animals with a wide range of depth perception are more often ambush predators, lying in wait until their prey comes close and within their range of depth perception.
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False
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A mature Brachiosaurus may have held its head 43 feet (13m) above the ground, more than twice the height of a giraffe.
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True
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An infection of the toe on the right food of \"Big Al\" the Allosaurus contributed to his death.
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True
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The crest of a lambeosaurines is hollow with a complex series of tubes inside, connecting to the nose and throats.
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True
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Psittacosaurus is the basal member of the ceratopsian clade and the only member of the Psittacosauridae.
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True
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Protoceratops bears the distinction of being one of the first dinosaurs for which specimens were found of a range ages, probably of each sex.
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True
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Ceratopsians do not display sexual dimorphism.
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False
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Triceratops was the smallest of all ceratopsians.
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False
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Pentaceratops has five significant horns—two horns are forward pointing over the orbits, another a nasal horn, and two protruding cheekbone horns.
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True
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Centrosaurus has two large frill openings (pariental fenestra) with a parietal strut dividing them.
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True
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The Ceratopsidae are all large, habitually bipedal, with very large skulls, large nostrils, very prominent frills, and a variety of horns.
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False
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As is the case with the Psittacosauridae, the Protoceratopsidae have no nasal or post-orbital horns, just a thickened bump in front of the orbit.
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True
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Ceratopsians were very social animals, some traveling in large groups or herds of 1000 or more individuals.
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True
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The Neoceatopsia were obligate bipedals.
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False
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Ceratopsians became very abundant in the Late Cretaceous, especially in North America.
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True
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All ceratopsians had horns on their skull.
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False
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Ceratopsians are ornithischian dinosaurs and are closely related to ornithopods, both being plant-eating ornithischians.
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True
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Protoceratops has no horns (nasal or post-orbital) and the nostrils are much larger than the Ceratopsidae.
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False
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The frill is a shelf of bone projecting from the back of the skull.
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True
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The Neoceratopsia is comprised of two families, the smaller Protoceratopsidae and the Ceratopsidae.
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True
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A bony shelf on the back of the skull unites this group called the ______.
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Marginocephalia
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The margins of some ceratopsian frills had extra bones called ______.
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Epoccipitals
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The Ceratopsia (\"horned faces\") includes a relatively large group of some 20 genera, mostly from upper cretaceous of North America.
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True
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Pachyrhinosaurus is a memorable ceratopsian of about 6m in length, with a short beak, and a low face with masses of very roughened bone that extend the length of the snout from the nose to eyes.
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True
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Whereas Psittacosaurus has only a small rudimentary frill, the Protoceratopsidae display a much larger bony frill that extended back over the neck.
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True
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All ceratopsians had a relatively large frill.
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False
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Chasmosaurus has two very large openings (parietal fenestra) in the frill.
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True
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While the Protoceratopsidae were bipedal, the Psittacosaurus were clearly an obligate quadrupedal.
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False
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Centrosaurus has six long, bony spikes sticking out fanwise from the back of its frill.
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False
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The thickened skull of ____ has led to speculation that males clashed heads with one another in competition for females during breeding season.
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Pachycephalosaurus
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Most Pachycephalosaurs lived during the Late Cretaceous in ____
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North America and Asia
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The Homalocephalidae were the largest pachycephalosaurs
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False
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Pachycephalosaurs were all bipedal
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True
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Which of the following pachycephalosaur characteristics is false?
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Quadrapedal
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Pachycephalosaurs first evolved during the _____.
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Early Cretaceous
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The name \"Pachycephalosauria\" means ____.
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Thick-headed
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All known pachycephalsaurs are from the Northern Hemisphere.
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True
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Pachycephalosauridae have a flat skull roof.
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False
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Running, Stegoceras would have had its back almost perpendicular with the ground requiring the tail to act as a counterbalance.
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False
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The Homalocephalidae family is more diverse than the Pachycephalosauridae.
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False
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The Pachycephalosauria are divided into two families based upon their ____.
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Skull roof characteristics
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The Homalocephalidae were the largest pachycephalosaurs.
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False
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Pachycephalosaurs were all herbivores.
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True
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Unlike Stegoceras, Pachycephalosaurus has very prominent bony spikes projecting from the snout.
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True
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Homalocephale from Mongolia had a relatively flat skull roof.
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True
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Most ectotherms have sprawling postures
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True
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Ectothermic animals maintain a body temperature at 36-40 degrees C.
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False
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Endotherms require great motor and sensory control which is associated with larger and more complex brains.
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True
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The density of blood vessels in bone is higher in all ectotherms than in endotherms.
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False
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Mammals have a fully divided four-chambered heart and numerous fossil dinosaur hearts have only two chambers
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False
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Today feathers are only found on endothermic birds.
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True
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Dinosaurs have complex scrolls of thin bone within the nasal cavity (turbinates) once covered with mucous membranes.
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False
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Most endotherms are egg-layers.
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False
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The optimum temperature of mammals is usually lower than those in the environment around them.
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False
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Endotherms require more food per body weight than is the case for ectotherms.
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True
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One dinosaur researcher, Dr. Bakker, finds the predator/herbivore dinosaur ratios similar to Cenozoic mammal (endothermic) populations and interpreted this as strong evidence for endothermy.
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True
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Endothermic predator- prey ratios should be lower than for ectotherms.
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True
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Most endotherms have an erect gait.
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True
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Endotherms require high blood pressure and rapid blood circulation to allow against oxygen and energy to circulate quickly through the body.
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True
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Ectothermic animals develop their heat from the external environment rather than metabolic sources.
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True
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Endotherms must eat more food per body volume than ectotherms because of their higher level of activity.
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True
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Growth rings occur in all living endotherms because of a seasonal pause in bone growth as food supplies are limited or climate unfavorable.
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False
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Many dinosaurs have lamellar-zonal bone (growth rings), a common characteristic of living ectotherms with seasonal pauses in their growth.
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True
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Large ectothermic dinosaurs would have more trouble maintaining a constant body temperature than smaller ones because of their large body volume.
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False
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The rate of metabolic reactions depends on the internal body temperature.
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True
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The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry was first discovered by Princeton graduate student William Lloyd.
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False
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Who discovered dinosaur fossils near Jensen, Utah and developed it into Dinosaur National Monument?
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Earl Douglass
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No teeth marks were ever found among dinosaur bones in the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry.
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False
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A Mexican sheepherder built a cabin of dinosaur bones at the site of Bone Cabin Quarry.
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True
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Roughly three-quarters of all dinosaur bones discovered at the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry were those of plant-eating dinosaurs.
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False
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Bone Cabin Quarry is near (10 miles) this famous dinosaur locality.
answer
Como Bluffs
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Dinosaur National Monument was a dinosaur quarry for the Carnegie Museum prior to becoming a National Monument.
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True
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The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry suffered a devastating loss in the 1960's, when uranium exploration destroyed an estimated 100,000 dinosaur bones.
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False
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In 2001, University of Utah graduate student Terri \"Bucky\" Gates hypothesized that the great number of dinosaur bones found in the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry is best explained by the presence of quicksand deposited by the runoff from a freshwater lake deposit.
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False
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In the reading \"Fossil Wonders of the West\", Osborn mentions a theory of dinosaur extinction based upon egg pouching by mammals.
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True
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The exact boundaries of the bone beds at Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry are still unknown.
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True
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The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry contains the densest concentration of dinosaur bones from the Jurassic ever discovered.
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True
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The Clevelend-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry National Landmark is located in Cleveland, Ohio.
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False
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In the spring of 1898 Henry Fairfield Osborn discovered Bone Cabin Quarry.
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True
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The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry National Landmark is still an active quarry.
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True
question
Dinosaur National Monument is the largest and most spectacular display in the world of dinosaur bones still imbedded int eh rocks that surround them.
answer
True
question
Osborn thought the Bone Cabin Quarry fossils accumulated ____.
answer
In an old river bar
question
______ was probably the shortest adult dinosaur, measuring 20 inches (50.8cm)
answer
Micropachycephalosaurus
question
_____ was the last of the great meat-eaters.
answer
Tyrannosaurus rex
question
____ lived abuot 95 million years ago and appears to edge out other theropods for the title of the largest meat-eater.
answer
Gigantosaurus
question
_____ was probably the most intelligent dinosaur based on brain size relative to body size.
answer
Troodon
question
_____ is believed to be the heaviest dinosaur.
answer
Argentinosaurus
question
Carcharodontosaurus is larger than tyrannosaurus rex.
answer
True
question
_____ has the biggest and longest skull of any dinosaur.
answer
Torosaurus
question
______ is believed to be the longest dinosaur.
answer
Supersaurus
question
______ is the dinosaur with the smallest head relative to its body size.
answer
Stegosaurus
question
_____ is the dinosaur with the thickest skull.
answer
Pachycephalosaurus
question
The most expensive dinosaur ever purchased is the Tyrannosaurus rex called \"Sue\".
answer
True
question
Ichthyosaurs were extinct when Mosasaurs evolved.
answer
True
question
Ichthyosarus preceded dinosaurs by some 20-30 million years.
answer
True
question
As with other plesiosaurs, the Pliosaurs also had large eyes, slightly forward, giving them overlapping fields of vision and the depth perception that comes with it.
answer
True
question
Based upon the size of ichthyosaurs, it is estimated as capable of diving to a depth of 600 meters and coming back to the surface in 20 minutes.
answer
True
question
The geologic range of mosasaurs is restricted to what period?
answer
Cretaceous
question
Like turtles, ichthyosaurs were egg-layers.
answer
False
question
The sclerotic ring is a doughnut-shaped bone surrounding the ____.
answer
Eye
question
Ichthyosaurs have short arms with strong limb girdles used for swimming.
answer
False
question
Some have likened this marine reptile to being a sauropod of the deep because of its long neck.
answer
Elasmosaurus
question
Plesiosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic and became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous (same time as dinosaurs).
answer
True
question
Propulsion of mosasaurs through the water was accomplished by ____.
answer
Undulation of the eel-like tail
question
Skulls of some mosasaurs were found with a ____, a scent sniffer used by snakes and lizards.
answer
Jacobson's organ
question
The ancestry of ichthyosaurs is uncertain but they most likely are related to the ____, a group including dinosaurs, birds, pterosaurs, lizards, snakes, etc.
answer
Diapsids
question
Fossil evidence reveals that some mosasaurs were cannibalistic.
answer
True
question
Elasmosaurs had large skulls and short necks
answer
False
question
Swimming propulsion of plesiosaurs was provided by the ____.
answer
Giant paddles
question
The diet of mosasaurs also inclined a great deal of squid-like cephalopods, particularly of the now extinct ammonites and belemnites.
answer
True
question
The first ichthyosaurs appeared during the Middle Triassic.
answer
False
question
Ichthyosaur fossils have been found on most continents.
answer
True
question
All plesiosaurs had ___, or belly ribs, that interlocked and supported the belly.
answer
Gastralia
question
Pterosaurs have a small head, relative to their body size.
answer
False
question
The pterosaur humerus has a large ____, an anterior projection for the anchoring of flight muscles.
answer
Deltopectoral crest
question
The shape of the deltopectoral crest is used to differentiate pterosaur clades.
answer
True
question
Ramphorhyncoids went extinct prior to the great extinction of dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous.
answer
True
question
The ____ was a pterosaur membrane that extended from the fifth toe to the tail along the posterior edge of the leg.
answer
Uropatagia
question
The main wing membrane of pterosaurs is the _____.
answer
Patagium
question
Which vertebrate animals were the first to be capable of powered flight?
answer
Pterosaurs
question
Pterosaurs have a global distribution.
answer
True
question
Only endothermic animals have developed the ability to fly.
answer
True
question
There is no evidence that pterosaurs had body hair.
answer
False
question
Most endotherms bear live young.
answer
True
question
The earliest pterosaurs are from the _____ of Italy.
answer
Upper Triassic
question
All pterosaurs lacked teeth.
answer
False
question
There is no evidence of sexual dimorphism in pterosaurs.
answer
False
question
The 400-500 teeth in each jaw of Pterodaustro may have been used as a sieve for filtering out plankton scooped up into its mouth.
answer
True
question
In most pterosaurs, the scapula and coracoid are fused to form a ____.
answer
Scapulocoracoid
question
A decrease in the abundance and diversity of pterosaurs during the Cretaceous, most probably was caused by _____.
answer
Diversification of marine birds
question
Pteranodons are among those pterosaurs exhibiting a number of anatomical differences between the sexes.
answer
True
question
Some Rhamphorhynchus specimens have a membranous tail vane.
answer
True
question
Most endotherms bear live young.
answer
True
question
Which statement about pteranodons is false?
answer
They were all filter feeders
question
The pterosaur images in your text reveal that this South American country has a rich fossil record of these winged creatures.
answer
Brazil
question
Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to develop flapping flight.
answer
True
question
All pterosaurs skulls have huge eye sockets.
answer
True
question
The ______ is a small membrane spanning the area between the shoulder and the wrist of pterosaurs.
answer
Propatagium
question
The pterosaurs diversified into several lineages during the Lower Triassic
answer
False
question
There is no evidence of sexual dimorphism in pterosaurs.
answer
False
question
The shortcoming of the volcanic hypothesis is that it fails to demonstrate the volume and type of volcanism could have accounted for the impact evidence and there can be little argument that a giant asteroid collided with Earth at precisely the time of the global extinctions.
answer
True
question
The extinction of a species occurs when the last representative of the species is no longer capable of reproducing and dies, leaving only the fossil legacy of its time on Earth.
answer
True
question
The fossil record reveals that the rate of extinction over a geologic history was not a uniform rate.
answer
True
question
The Kuiper Cloud is a large, spherical cloud of comets surround the solar system.
answer
False
question
Once the flash heating of the atmosphere by the terminal Cretaceous impact cooled, atmospheric temperatures would have risen because of the vast amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere blocking solar radiation from reaching the surface.
answer
False
question
The fossil record reveals that extinctions typically involve all forms of life (invertebrates, vertebrates, plants, etc) at similar rates.
answer
False
question
The Barringer Meteor Crater is a young (50,000 years old) crater located in this state.
answer
Arizona
question
The greatest extinction (in percent of species extinct) in history occurred at the end of this period.
answer
Permian
question
A rough estimate of the average duration of species prior to extinction is ______.
answer
About 2 million years
question
The fossil record reveals that most species extinctions were caused by changes in the natural environment.
answer
True
question
The comet head consists of a solid nucleus surround by a _____ up to 1.5 million miles in diameter.
answer
Nebulous coma
question
______ are \"dusty iceballs\" of rock, frozen water, and organic compounds.
answer
Comets
question
All dinosaurs became extinct at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary.
answer
True
question
Unlike the moon, Earth has a very active weathering process that over time remove the evidence of impacts, or at least make old ones very hard to recognize.
answer
True
question
The most famous of all extinctions occurred at the end of the ____ and marks the boundary between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.
answer
Cretaceous
question
____ is a rare platinum group metal.
answer
Iridium
question
The Deccan traps of India and Pakistan, southern Brazil, and the western US all show evidence of extensive volcanism at the time of the C/T boundary.
answer
True
question
Microtekites are small, droplet-shaped silica glass cooled form molten material expelled form an impact crater.
answer
True
question
The vast majority of asteroids in our solar system are found in the Asteroid Belt between Jupiter and Pluto.
answer
False
question
In 1981, the geophysicist G. Penfield, found a bow-shaped depression near the Yucatan Peninsula town of Chicxulub tat he thought might be the C/T boundary impact crater.
answer
True
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