Githmark World History Test 3 Europe & Middle Ages – Flashcards
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Why did some Christians object to the presence of icons in churches?
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The use of icons was too close to the worship of idols
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What did the schism of 1054 do?
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It created two distinct churches
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Why were Cyril and Methodius successful in converting many Moravians to Christianity?
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They spoke the Slavonic language.
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Why didn't the Mongols bring destruction and devastation to much of Russia?
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A Russian prince discouraged rebellions.
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Who was responsible for the successful introduction of Christianity to England?
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Augustine of Canterbury
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What did Monks who joined the Benedictine order do?
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Took vows of Poverty and obedience.
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Who was instrumental in spreading Christianity to Ireland?
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Patrick
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Through the work of missionaries a Christian society formed that included most of Western Europe. Historians called this society what?
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Christendom
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Why did the pope name Charlemagne Emperor of the Roman people?
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To thank Charlemagne for keeping him in power.
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Which king drove the Vikings North of London?
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Alfred
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Christians drove the Moors out of the Iberian Peninsula during what?
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Reconquista
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How did Charlemagne ensure that his counts remained loyal and did their jobs well?
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By setting up a system of rewards and punishments administered by inspectors.
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Why did Vikings begin raiding northern Europe?
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Viking farmers couldn't grow enough food.
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What was the goal of the First Crusade?
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To take Jerusalem and the Holy Land away from the Muslim
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Why did merchants ask the king for special charters for towns?
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The merchants did not want to pay fees to feudal lords.
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What did the Black Death lead to?
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The collapse of the medieval manor system
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Why were many of the written works created during the Early Middle Ages, religious texts?
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Few people outside of the clergy could read and write.
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Why did the pope excommunicate all crusaders taking part in the Fourth Crusade?
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They attacked a Christian city to pay their passage to the Holy Land.
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What was the Hanseatic League?
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A group of northern German cities and towns that worked together to promote and protect trade.
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What did both Geoffrey Chaucer and Dante Alighieri write in?
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The vernacular
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What is another name for the plague that devastated Europe in the mid-1300's?
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The Black Death
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Justinian served as co-ruler of the Byzantine Empire with whom?
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Theodora
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After the fall of Constantinople what was it renamed?
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Istanbul
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Who was instrumental in the spread of Christianity from Britain to Ireland.
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Patrick
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What is the Byzantine art that is created with tiny colored tiles fitted together and cemented in place?
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Mosaics
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What were the Christians who objected to icons called?
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Icon breakers
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What were serfs?
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They were not slaves, but they were legally tied to the manor on which they worked and could not leave without permission.
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What is the governing body that makes England's laws.
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Parliament
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What is the land given to a knight for service to a lord called?
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Fief
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What is the name of the document King John was forced to sign which restricted the monarch's right to raise taxes or punish people without cause.
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The Magna Carta
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What was the Christian effort to retake the Iberian Peninsula called?
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Reconquista
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What is the process of decorating a written manuscript with pictures or designs called?
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Illumination
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Who was the Muslim leader who returned control of the Holy Land during the Third Crusade?
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Saladin
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What are the large woven wall hangings called which were spectacular pieces of medieval art that depicted daily life, history or fantasy?
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Tapestry
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What was the crisis that may have been tow diseases, bubonic plague and pneumonic plague called?
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Black Death
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What was the conflict between the Lancasters and the Yorks over the English throne known as?
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War of Roses
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Who wrote The Divine Comedy?
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Dante Alighieri
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What is an apprentice?
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A person learning the basic skills of a craft
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What is the leader of a monastery called?
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Abbot
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Who failed to take control of Jerusalem during the Third Crusade?
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Richard the Lion-Hearted
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Who was Leif Eriksson?
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A Viking explorer who reached North America.
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What is Gothic style?
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The design of medieval churches that made them taller and brighter than earlier churches.
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What was the Manorial System?
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The economic system of medieval western Europe.
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Who wrote City of God which helped shape Christian doctrine for centuries?
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Augustine of Hippo
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Who became known as Alexander Nevsky?
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Prince Alexander the Great
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What resulted from the systematic arrangement of existing laws and the inclusion of new ones?
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Justinian's Code
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What were the Muslims called?
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Moors
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Who was considered one of the greatest thinkers of the Middle Ages?
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Thomas Aquinas
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Who was frequently targeted in Viking Raids?
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Monasteries
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What was Parliament made up of?
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Members of nobility and clergy
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Who were Carolingians?
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Charles, Pippin and Charlemagne
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What is a tapestry?
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A large woven wall hanging
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What was the region in central Italy ruled by the Pope called?
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Papal States
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What was Constantinople's name under the Ottoman Turks?
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Istanbul
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Who changed the course of the Hundred Years' War?
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Joan of Arc
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What is chivalry?
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A strict code of honor that required knights to be generous and courteous.
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What did Alfred the Great achieve in England?
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United Aanglo-Saxons, moved Vikings north
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How did Prince Alexander of Novgorod prevent the Mongols from destroying Russia?
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He refused to fight them
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Summarize the causes and effects of the plague.
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It spread through trade and warfare. It destroyed the manorial system.
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Why did merchants found new towns during the medieval period?
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In order to avoid the high fees and taxes handed down by the Lords.
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What caused the Hundred Years' War?
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The English crown wanted French land and lay claim to the duchy of Aquitane in France.
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Compare and contrast the raids launched by the Vikings and those launched by the Muslims.
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Muslims wanted to come in and take over land along with converting people. The Vikings wanted to kill and steal.
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What was the significance of the Magna Carta?
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It limited the power of the king and made it so he was not above the law. It also introduced Parliament
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How did Parliament develop under King Edward I?
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The lords wanted a say in the government and did not want the king to have the full amount of power.
