Geology/Minerals test=Menc – Flashcards
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when rock pieces settle out of wind and water
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Deposition
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the color of mineral's powder
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Streak
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upper most part of the earth
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lithosphere
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melted, molten rock
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magma
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liquid rock that reaches the Earth's surface
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lava
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solid center of the earth, contains iron and nickel' Fe, Ni
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Inner core
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softer part of the core of the earth, also has liquid iron and nickel; molten; Fe, Ni
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outer core
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transport of small rock material by wind, water, or glaciers
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erosion
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an inorganic crystal solid that occurs naturally (not made by man); cannot be liquid or gas; never were alive; have a chemical formula, Atoms arranged in a specific pattern. Have a chemical formula. Gold is one of these.
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mineral
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whether a material is shiny or not; ability to reflect light; the way a mineral reflects light from its surface
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luster
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granite
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this makes up the continental crust
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slowly; inside
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Intrusive (igneous) rock cools ________ ________the Earth.
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quickly, outside
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Extrusive (igneous) rock cools ______ _______the Earth.
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combination of mineals and other materials
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a rock is a ...
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made from pressure and heat below the Earth's surface
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metamorphic rock
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property of splitting evenly along flat surfaces
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cleavage
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forms from layers of sediments
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sedimentary rock
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made from an earthquake
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seimic wave
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small pieces or rocks that break off from larger ones
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sediments
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makes up ocean crust
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basalt
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natural process of glung sediments together (sedimentary rock)
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cementation
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process that presses sediments together (sedimentary rock)
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compaction
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atom
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element is made of a single kind of ______
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asthenosphere; mesosphere
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mantle is the ________ and the ________
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when a mineral breaks apart unevenly
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fracture
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cooling magma or lava
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igneous rock is formed from
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large
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Igneous Rock has____ crystals
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the mantle, it is also called asthenosphere
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The middle layer made of plastic rock is...
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meteors, volcanoes, moon rocks, rocks that come from the center of the Earth or under Earth
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direct evidence of Earths' interior
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seismic waves such as P waves and S waves; earthquake waves
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indirect evidence of Earth's interior
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primary; move faster, move in a straight line, can travel through solids and liquids. move forward and backward
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P waves
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secondary waves; SHEAR, move slower than P waves, cannot travel through fluids. Best evidence that the outer core is liquid. Vibrate from side to side. Look like a snake.
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S waves
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uppermost part of the Earth
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lithosphere
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inner core
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Dense and solid
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outer core
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liquid
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a substance composed of a single atom; found on the Periodic Table of Elements
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element
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two or more elements combined chemically; water is a compound
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Compound
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composition
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A rock's __________depends on its mineral makeup
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texture
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A rock's _________depends on size, shape, and arrangment of grains
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color,, streak, fracture or cleavage, hardness, luster, color is least reliable
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5 ways we identify a mineral
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color, color
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Many minerals share the same _______so we do not use this much. Minerals also can be more than one ________.
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reliable
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Streak is very _______to use to identify a mineral.
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cleavage
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Smooth, flat surface, sometimes smooth flat steps
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hardness
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Quartz is abundant because of its
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scratched, hardness
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If something cannot be ________, it has ________.
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streak
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A tile tests for_______
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gold, quartz, topaz, talc diamond,
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Mineral examples
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wood, pearls, granite, coal
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Non minerals
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scale; hardness; glass
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Moh's _______of ________tests minerals by comparing them to ________sometimes.
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5.5
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Glass hardness number
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metallic (shiny, polished metal) AND Non metallic (dull, no shine)
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Two kinds of luster
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sediment; compacted; cemented
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Sedimentary rocks from from bits of ________that are ______and _______together
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heat; pressure;
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Metamorphic Rocks are formed by _____and ________below the Earth's surface.
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clastic (squeezed), organic (made from living things like plants and animals), chemical (made from precipitation and evaporation)
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Three types of sedimentary rock
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foliated (which have bands of colors that alternate) that has shiny minerals lined up ; Non foliated-crystals will be distorted such as marble or quartzite
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Two types of metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rock
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Rocks that already exist that come from other rocks and are exposed to heat and pressure make
