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In 79 CE, the citizens of Pompeii in the Roman Empire were buried by pyroclastic debris derived from an eruption of

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Mt Vesuvius

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The smokey cloud that rises from the vent of an actively erupting volcano is composed of

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fine volcaniclastic debris (ash) suspended in the air

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Basaltic lavas that solidify at their surface (before ceasing to flow) fracture irregularly, producing a sharp-surfaced lava rock named

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a'a'

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Pahoehoe

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All of the above -forms when basaltic lava flow ceases flowing and solidifies simultaneously -has a smoother texture than a'a' -is easier to walk on than a'a' is

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Mafic lavas are distinguished by

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low viscosity

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Hawaiian-style effusive eruptions are a greater threat to property than to human life

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true

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Of the three primary forms of surface volcanoes, ___________ consist of alternating layers of tephra and solidified lava

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stratovolcanoes

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Of the three primary forms of surface volcanoes, ___________ are sometimes referred to as \"composite volcanoes.\"

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stratovolcanoes

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All volcanic eruptions pass through the crater at the volcanic summit

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false

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Of the three primary forms of surface volcanoes, __________ have the most gently sloping sides, due to the low viscosity of the basaltic lava that form them

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shield volcanoe

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Mt. Fuji in Japan is an example of a

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stratovolcanoe

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The Hawaiian island chain is an example of a(n)

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hot-spot island chain

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Which national park is home to a large volcanic caldera formed through a very large explosive eruption 640,000 years ago?

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Yellowstone

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Hot-spot volcanoes

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all of the above -can arise from the ocean floor -can arise on continents -may arise in the interior of lithospheric plates

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Iceland formed where it is today because of the presence of

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the mid-Atlantic ridge and a hot spot

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The hot-spot track associated with the Hawaiian islands and emperor Seamounts

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shows that the pacific plate has been moving northwest for the last 30 million years

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Large-scale volcanic eruptions can cause a drop in global temperatures

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true

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Geologists who specifically study earthquakes are called

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seismologists

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Earthquakes are a result of

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lithospheric-plate movement

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A surface along which rock on opposed sides is offset by earthquake-induced slip is called a

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fault

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If during an earthquake a hanging wall slides upward relative to a footwall, the fault is termed _______________ if the fault is steep (closer to vertical than horizontal)

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reverse

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If a fault is nearly vertical in orientation and the two walls of rock on opposite sides slide past one another horizontally, the fault is termed

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strike slip

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If during an earthquake, a hanging wall slides upward relative to a footwall, the fault is termed ____________ if the fault is shallow (much closer to horizontal than vertical)

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thrust

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If during an earthquake, a footwall slides upward relative to a hanging wall, the fault is termed

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normal

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Body waves include

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both S- and P- waves

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A coiled spring would be useful in illustrating a ___________ wave

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surface

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Which type of seismic wave has the highest velocity

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P-wave

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Earthquake waves that pass through the interior of Earth are termed

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body waves

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Surface waves

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produce most of the damage to buildings during earthquakes

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The key to finding the location of an earthquake's epicenter is measuring the

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difference between the time that the P- wave arrives and the time that the S- wave arrives at the seismometer station

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The point within Earth where an earthquake takes place is termed the

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focus

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The point on Earth's surface directly above the point where an Earthquake occurs is termed the

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epicenter

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How many seismic stations are necessary to find the epicenter of an earthquake?

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3

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Vertical motion seismographs record earthquakes through the production of a squiggly diagram called a

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seismogram

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Which earthquake intensity scale assesses the effect of an earthquake on humans and human-made structures?

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Mercalli scale

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Earthquakes are likely to occur along

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All of the above (convergent, divergent, and transform)

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A tsunami is

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an earthquake-generated sea wave that can sometimes destroy coastal cities thousands of kilometers from its source

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Medium- and deep-focus earthquakes occur along

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convergent-plate boundaries only

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Sandy substrate is susceptible to ___________ during an earthquake

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liquifaction

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Normal, reverse, and thrust are all examples of __________ faults

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dip-slip

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Motion along all faults is either strike slip or dip slip; combinations of these two types of displacement are never found together in a single fault

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false

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A fold shaped like a right side up bowl is a(n)

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syncline

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A fold shaped like an upside down bowl is a(n)

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anticline

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On a geologic map, if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull's eye pattern of concentric circles, with the youngest unit in the center, the underlying structure is a(n)

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basin

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On a geologic map, if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull's eye pattern of concentric circles, with the oldest unit in the center, the underlying structure is a(n)

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dome

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On what date did Mt St. Helens erupt?

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May 18, 1980

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The statue-like remains from the people of Pompeii are

answer

casts

GEOL TEST3 hawkins

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