Geol 105 – Flashcard
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increased, but at a slower rate
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Between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s, energy consumption in the US
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the sun
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The ultimate source of the energy in fossil fuels is
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the carbon percentage and heat value
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Coal type is based upon
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Coal is an abundant resource in relation to oil and gas
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Why is coal usage likely to increase in the future
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a) source rock b) cap rock c) reservoir rock D) ***VOLCANIC ROCK***
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Which of the following geologic features is not required for an oil or gas deposit to form
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they are abundant and clean burning
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Methane hydrates may be a viable future energy source because
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when oil production will peak
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What is the most important aspect of future oil supplies
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Fossil fuel burning releases nitrogen and sulfur oxides
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Why does acid rain result from fuel consumption
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heat generated in the Earth's interior
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The ultimate source of geothermal energy is
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the reliance on fossil fuels and centralized power generation
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The main difference between hard path and soft path energy policy is
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Bituminous
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What coal has the highest heat content?
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cap rock
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The rock unit that provides a barrier to upward migration of oil is called the
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hydrothermal
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What systems are characterized by hot water circulation
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coal
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What is the predominant fossil-fuel resource in the US?
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solid Earth material that can be removed without blasting
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How do engineers define soil?
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residual soil
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Weathered material that remains in its place of formation is called
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B horizon
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Which soil horizon is known as the zone of accumulation
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well-drained soils tend to be well aerated and red in color
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In what way is color an indicator of soil drainage?
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physical and chemical properties of the soil profile
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Soil taxonomy is a classification system based on
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clay and silt particles
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Soil cohesion is enhanced by the presence of
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the ability of a porous material to transmit water
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What is hydraulic conductivity
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the proportion of clay in the soil
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Shrink-swell potential of a soil is dependent upon
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vegetation removal and soil disturbance at construction sites
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Urbanization influences soil erosion processes primarily because of
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loosening soil and changing the hydrology of a site
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Off-road vehicle use contributes to soil problems by
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They provide the basis for rating limitations for specific land uses
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In what ways are soil surveys useful for land-use planning
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FALSE
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Soil scientists and engineers view soil in essentially the same way
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FALSE
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Expansive soils typically present minor, localized problems
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weathering
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The physical and chemical breakdown of rocks
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soil strength
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The ability of a soil to resist deformation
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Contour plowing
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_____ works with the natural topography to reduce soil erosion
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cohesion
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The ability of soil particles to stick together
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peds
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Aggregates of soil particles that comprise soil structure
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His explorations took place during a particularly warm climatic period
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Why was Erik the Red able to explore Greenland in the 10th century AD?
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LIA
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What climatic event followed the MWP?
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Glacial ice contains trapped air bubbles that archive former atmospheric CO2 concentrations
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How has glacial ice aided the study of climate change?
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They have predictive capacity
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Why are mathematical models important to the study of climate change?
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Snow is retained for many years and compacted into ice by overlying snow
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How does glacial ice form?
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a warm period when glacial ice volume is relatively low
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What is an interglacial?
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10%
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Glacial ice covers what percent of the global land area?
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dust storms
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Loess is deposited by
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trapping of heat by atmospheric gases
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The greenhouse effect represents
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carbon dioxide is relatively low during cold periods
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Air bubbles in the Antarctic ice sheet show that
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keeping northern Europe relatively warm
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The ocean conveyor belt is responsible for
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cooling for one or two years
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What effect does a large volcanic eruptions typically have on the atmosphere?
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climate
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The long term average of weather conditions over some area
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Loess
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Windblown silt that covers much of the upper midwest, as well as other areas
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Milankovitch
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_______ cycles control the amount of solar radiation received at important latitudes, and, therefore, control the temporal pattern of the ice ages
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conveyor belt
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The ocean _________ is largely responsible for keeping northern Europe relatively warm
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Medieval
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The ________ Warm Period coincided with a time of increased solar radiation
