Genetic Vocabulary words – Flashcards
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Observed expression of an organism (ex. blue eyes)
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Phenotype
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The type of alleles an organism has (ex: bb)
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Genotype
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A line of descent whose members carry the same genotype
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Pureline
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The offspring of a cross between genetically unlike parents
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Hybrid
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A cross between parents differing with respect to a single specified pair of alleles
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Monohybrid
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when both alleles are the same
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Homozygous
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When the pair of alleles are different
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Heterozygous
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When both alleles are for the dominant trait
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Homozygous Dominant
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When both alleles are for the recessive trait
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Homozygous Recessive
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The parent generation with which the genetic experiment starts
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P1 Generation
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First filial generation
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F1 Generation
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Second Filial generation
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F2 Generation
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during gamete formation the pairs of genes responsible for each trait segregate so that each gamete contains only one gene for that trait
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Law of segregation
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The organism having the dominant phenotype is crossed with one having a recessive phenotype. This is done to see if the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterzygous
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Test Cross
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The cross of a progeny with one of it's parents
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Backcross
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One of the alleles expresses itself over the other allele
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Complete dominance
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Expression of heterozygous alleles differ from those of the parents producing distinguishable hybrid
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Incomplete dominance
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Both members of an allelic pair are fully expressed in a heterozygote
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Codominance
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alleles segegate independently during gamete formation
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Law of independent assortment
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one form of a heredity trait, the dominant trait, dominates or prevents the expression of the recessive trait
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Law of Dominance
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three or more alternate genes which can be at one site at different times giving different phenotypes, such as abo genes for blood
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Multiple alleles
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Crosses in which many genes may affect a single trait
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Multiple genes
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Failure of homologous chromosomes to segregate properly
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Nondisjunction
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genes are located on chromosomes
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Chromosome theory of heredity
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BT
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dominant
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bt
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Recessive
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The passage of traits from one generation to another
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Heredity
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the study of heredity
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genetics
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When a plant contains both pollen and eggs. The pollen fertilizes the egg in the same plant
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Self pollination
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when the pollen of one plant fertilizes the egg of another plant
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Cross pollination
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Is the product of self pollination. they produce offspring identical to the parent
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Purebred
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is the characteristics that an organism has
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trait
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A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein
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Gene
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Different forms of a gene
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Alleles
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reproductive cells. In humans they are sperm and egg, in plants they are pollen and egg.
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Gametes
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the chance that something will occur
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Probability
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The probability of two or more events at the same time is the product of their individual probabilities.
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Product rule
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A device used to predict outcomes of specific traits
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Punnett square
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When many genes are on the same chromosome
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Gene linkage
