question

the case of MacPerson v. Buick Motor Car in 1916 changed product liability law. As a result of it, the courts

answer

permitted consumers to sue manufacturers with whom they had no contractual relationships

question

according to the legal doctrine of strict product liability,

answer

a manufacturer needs not be negligent to be held liable for a defective product

question

which statement is accurate in its description of consumer protection?

answer

the Consumer Product Safety Commission has the power to order recalls

question

Legal Paternalism is the doctrine that the law

answer

may justifiably restrict the freedom of the individual for his or her own good

question

"Puffery" is an example of which of the following deceptive or misleading advertising techniques?

answer

exaggeration

question

for years bayer aspirin advertised that it contained "the ingredient doctors recommend most." this is an example of

answer

concealed facts

question

The case of FTC v. Standard Education was important in the legal transition

answer

away from the reasonable person standard in the matters of marketing

question

In deciding whether an ad is deceptive, today the FTC basically follows

answer

the "modified" ignorant-consumer standard

question

Harvard business professor Theodore Levitt has

answer

Drawn an analogy between advertising and art

question

According to Galbraith's "dependence effect"

answer

producers use advertising to shape consumer wants

question

Advertising

answer

subsidizes the media

question

Critics of advertising contend that

answer

advertising rarely gives consumers much useful information

question

which of the following consumer goods is responsible for the greatest number of individual social ills?

answer

cigarettes

question

Before the case of MacPherson v. Buick Motor Car in 1916 the law based a manufacturer's liability for injuries due to a defective product on

answer

the contractual relationship between the producer and the consumer

question

Due care is

answer

the idea that consumers and sellers do not meet as equals and that consumer's interests are particularly vulnerable to being harmed by the manufacturer

question

which statement is true from an ethical perspective?

answer

the argument for strict liability is basically utilitarian

question

in 1972 Congress created one of the most important agencies for regulating product safety this agency is the

answer

Consumer Product Safety Commission

question

To properly protect consumers,

answer

if a product poses a potential, serious threat, a company may need to take extraordinary measures to ensure continued safe use of it

question

people generally speak of two kinds of warranties. What are these two kinds of warranties?

answer

express and implied

question

which of the following is an example of price gouging

answer

a New York hotel tripling its room prices after 9/11

question

The consumer's main source of product information is

answer

the label and the package

question

advertising is best known for

answer

the persuasion to purchase the product

question

Terms like "can be," "as much as," and "help," are examples of

answer

ambiguity

question

The terms "best, finest, and most" are examples of

answer

puffery

question

the media with the greatest advertising influence over children is

answer

television

question

which of the following is true concerning our environment today?

answer

air is a health risk in many major metropolitan areas

question

An ecosystem

answer

can be upset by human behavior

question

the "tragedy of the commons" is

answer

that individual pursuit of self-interest can sometimes make everyone worse off

question

Some environmental regulation(like forbidding the burning of coal in cities) benefit each and everyone of us because the air we all breathe is cleaner. if an individual ignores the regulation and burns coal, while others obey the regulation, then he or she

answer

is being a free rider

question

the moral theorist William T. Blackstone claims that the right to a livable environment

answer

is a fundamental human right

question

cost-benefit analysis

answer

is influenced by value judgements

question

which environmental statement is true?

answer

An American consumer can cause more tropical rain forest destruction than a poor person living in the forest

question

As we look to the future generations,

answer

the social and environmental policies we adopt can affect who is born in the future

question

according to the anthropocentric ethic of Baxter and others

answer

the Grand Canyon is valuable only because people care about it

question

Which of the following is true of Factory farms?

answer

they permit the mass production of meat at low prices

question

Utilitarians

answer

are likely to oppose factory farming

question

which of the following is true of a regulatory approach to environmental problems?

answer

it requires the EPA or other body to determine the most effective, feasible pollution control technology for each different industry

question

Animal manure

answer

is a large source of pollution

question

Pollution permits are an example of which of the following methods of achieving our environmental goals?

answer

pricing mechanisms

question

In consideration for the obligation to others

answer

the U.S. uses more than its proportional share of the world's resources

question

One truth about factory farms is

answer

they are larger than ever

question

according to the philosopher Joel Feinberg,

answer

the rights of future generations are contingent upon those people coming into existence

question

William F. Baxter addresses environmental ethics by noting

answer

judgements about environmental problems ought to be people-oriented

question

The philosopher Tom Regan

answer

claims that no one could approve of the treatment of animals in factory farms if they knew what was going on

question

According to Holmes Rolston III

answer

some natural objects are morally considerable in their own right, apart from human interests

question

A decade after wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone park their presence was discovered to

answer

have changed the behavior of elk

question

business has considered the environment to be

answer

free and nearly limitless

question

an assessment of costs and benefits inevitably involves

answer

value judgements and factual uncertainties

question

which of the following is a drawback to the regulatory approach?

answer

regulation can take away an industry's incentive to do more than the minimum

question

a moral vegetarian

answer

rejects eating meat based on moral grounds

question

According to David Ewing, two factors explain the absence of civil liberties and the prevalence of authoritarianism in the workplace. which of the following is one of them?

answer

the rise of personnel engineering and professional management

question

according to common law, to legally terminate an employee, an employer

answer

need have no reason at all

question

which of the following is an accurate statement about employment law in the workplace

answer

it's illegal to fire workers because of union membership

question

Austin Fagothey and Milton Gonsalves believe, a direct strike is justified

answer

when it is a last resort

question

Groups of 18th century skilled artisans formed secret societies for two basic reasons. which of the following is one of those reasons?

answer

to equalize their relationship with their employers

question

choose the statement that is accurate in the workplace

answer

an employer's financial capabilities affect what constitutes a fair wage scale for that employer's employees

question

According to David Ewing

answer

the corporate invasion of employees civil rights is rampant

question

to be successful any test used by a corporation must be

answer

valid

question

The Wagner Act of 1935

answer

prohibited firing workers because of union membership or union activities

question

Unions employ two kinds of boycotts to enforce their demands. these tow kinds of boycotts are

answer

primary and secondary

question

Which statement is true about the hiring and employment process?

answer

according to common law, unless there is an explicit contractual provision to the contrary, every employment is employment "at will"

question

the appropriate guideline for testing potential employees is:

answer

Griggs v. Duke Power Company, which prohibits employers from requiring a high school education as a prerequisite for employment or promotion without demonstrable evidence that the associated skills relate directly to job performance

question

which of the following is a correct statement about union activities?

answer

a sympathetic strike occurs when workers who have no particular grievance of their own and who may or may not have the same employer decide to strike in support of others

question

since congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1994

answer

employers must make reasonable accommodations for disabled workers

question

choose the factual precept concerning wages

answer

a fari wage presupposes a fair work contract

question

employers have the right to fire an employee who performs inadequately but they should do so

answer

as painlessly as possible

question

fair personnel policies and decisions must be based on criteria that are clear, job related, and

answer

equally applied

question

the hiring process needs to include screening, testing, and

answer

interviewing

question

which of these is a valid reasoning for not hiring a potential employee

answer

lack of experience

question

tests are designed to measure the applicant's skills in verbal, quantitative, and

answer

logic

question

In the interview process, the interview should avoid rudeness, coarseness, condescension

answer

hostility

question

Conscious and unconscious biases and stereotypes are as the English philosopher Francis Bacon called

answer

"idols of the mind"

question

The key moral ideal in promotions is

answer

fairness

question

of the four types of discharge firing

answer

for-cause dismissal--the result of employee theft, gross insubordination, release of proprietary information, and so on

question

in union terms, a direct strike occurs

answer

when an organized body of workers withholds its labor to force the employer to comply with its demands

question

Privacy

answer

must be respected if we are to function as complete, self-governing agents

question

the right to privacy of employees

answer

may conflict with an organization's legitimate interests

question

when it comes to obtaining information about employees, a key concept is

answer

informed consent

question

which of the following is true

answer

media sensationalism and political posturing can get in the way of sensible answers to the drug problem

question

the one key questionable premise underlying personality tests is

answer

that all individuals can usefully and validly be placed into a relatively small number of categories of personality types and character traits

question

Polygraph tests are

answer

are impossible to beat when properly administered

question

The Hawthorne effect shows

answer

attentions and recognition can enhance worker productivity and motivation

question

businesses cite several reasons for using polygraphs to detect lying. Which of the following is one of those reasons?

answer

the polygraph is a fast and economical way to verify the information provided by a job applicant

question

Used properly, personality tests serve two purposes in the work place. Which of the following is one of those purposes?

answer

Personality tests help screen applicants for jobs by indicating areas of adequacy and inadequacy

question

which statement has the proper perspective about drug testing?

answer

drug testing can only be defensible when it is really pertinent to employee performance and when there is a lot at stake

question

Doglas McGregor rejects Theory X, which holds that

answer

workers essentially dislike work and will do everything they can to avoid it

question

an early 1970s government study (Work in America) identified three chief sources of worker dissatisfaction which of the following is one of those sources?

answer

the rigidity of rules and regulations

question

A fact about job satisfaction is

answer

a lack of job satisfaction can create mental health problems

question

out of these four, which one is the only correct statement concerning OSHA?

answer

critics call OSHA a "toothless tiger"

question

The most accurate statement about workplace safety is

answer

workers are often unaware of the hazards they face on the job

question

CoCorporate in fighting, "management power struggles," " maneuvering and politics and power grabbing" and Machiavellian intrigues" are all phrases, H. Ross Perot, uses to describe

answer

the reality of corporate life today

question

OSHA statics indicate that on the job 32 people each day are

answer

killed

question

the proper approach to promote safety is found in the "hidden culture" which is

answer

a culture that is proactively oriented toward safety

question

the most common reason that people leave their jobs is

answer

a poor relationship with their immediate supervisor

question

one of the three chief sources for dissatisfaction in the workplace is

answer

lack of opportunities to be one's own boss

question

when employees at all occupational levels are asked to rank what is important to them, the order that put them in is

answer

interest work; sufficient help, support and information to accomplish the job; enough authority to carry out the work; and good pay

question

which of the following is a true statement about the information gained from polygraph tests?

answer

not only should the organization have job-related grounds for using the polygraph, but these must be compelling enough to justify violating the individuals privacy and psychic freedom

question

many major employer routinely monitor the performance of their employees through the computers and telephones they ousel. the one check that they can do is

answer

check the number of keystrokes that word processors enter during the day

question

a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that postal workers who tested posit for drug use in a pre-employent urine tests were at least 50 percent more likely to be

answer

fired injured, disciplined, or absent than those who tested negative

question

the United States has more of what per employee than any other austral nation?

answer

managers

question

Based on guidelines of employer/employee relations, which statement is true?

answer

the traditional law of agency obliges employees to act loyally and in good faith and to carry out lawful instructions

question

conflicts of interest

answer

occur when employees private interest are substantial enough hot potentially interfere with their job duties

question

according to the Supreme Court

answer

even if you are not an insider, you can be guilty of insider trading if you misappropriate sensitive information

question

a trade secret

answer

can become part of an employee technical knowledge, experience, and skill

question

the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

answer

is alleged by its critics to put American companies at a disadvantage

question

In determining the morality of giving and receiving gifts in a business situation, which of the following factors is Most relevant?

answer

the purpose of the gift

question

A whistle-blower

answer

far from being disloyal, may be acting in the best interest of the organization

question

the Sarbaes-Oxley aAct

answer

makes it illegal for executive to retaliate against employees who report possible violations of federal law

question

According to Professor Norman Bowie, which of the following factors is relevant to determining the morality off blowing the whistle?

answer

All of the above

question

in discussing the case of the truck stop cashier who is asked to write up phony chits or receipts the text argues that

answer

she may be justified in "going along;" at least temporarily

question

In the 1997 case of the U.S. v Hagan the supreme court found that Hagan

answer

had misappropriated confidential information

question

The Donald Wohlgemuth case shows that

answer

trade secrets often become an integral part of an employee's total job skills and capabilities

question

some writers deny that employees have any obligation of loyalty to the company because

answer

companies are not the kind of things that are properly objects of loyalty

question

when an employee's interest are likely to interfere with the employee's ability to exercise proper judgement on behalf of the organization what exists?

answer

a conflict of interest

question

insider trading is

answer

the buying or selling of stocks (or other financial securities) by business insiders on the basis of information that has not yet been made public ansi silkily to affect the price of the stock

question

inside traders ordinarily defend their actions by claiming that they dot injure

answer

anyone

question

which is the best argument for legally protecting trade secrets?

answer

employees who disclose trade secrets violate the confidentiality owed to their employers

question

U.S. companies have a history of paying off foreign officials for business favors. Such acts were declared illegal by

answer

the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

question

To resolve difficult moral dilemmas, the better we understand the exact ramifications of the alternatives the more likely we are

answer

to make a sound moral decision

question

whistle-blowing involves exposing activities that are

answer

harmful immoral or contrary to the public interest

question

whistle-blowers are only human beings, not saints and they sometimes have their own

answer

self serving agenda

question

Which act provides sweeping new legal protection for employees who report possible securities fraud, making it unlawful for companies to "discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, harass or in any other manner discriminate against" them?

answer

Sarbanes Oxley Act

question

Conflicts of interest may exist when employees have financial investments

answer

in suppliers, customers, or distributors with whom their organizations do business

question

the use of one's official position for what always raises more concern and questions?

answer

personal gain

question

conflicts of interest are what kind of problem

answer

Moral

question

which of the following is true based on documented evidence of discrimination?

answer

relatively few women and minorities have made it to the very top of their professions

question

a historical view indicates which of the following is correct?

answer

women and blacks are sometimes victimized by stereotypes

question

which of these statements is true concerning court cases about discrimination?

answer

in the recent University of Michgan cases the Supreme court upheld moderate, flexible affirmative action programs

question

which of the following is the most plausible argument FOR affirmative action?

answer

it is necessary to break the cycle that keeps minorities and women locked into low-paying low-prestige jobs

question

which of the following is the most plausible argument AGAINST affirmative action?

answer

affirmative action violates the rights of white men to equal treatment

question

advocates of comparable woth

answer

want women to be paid as much as men for jobs involving equivalent skill, effort and responsibility

question

which of the following is an example of sexual harassment?

answer

a female employee suggesting sexual offers to a male employee

question

sexual comments that one woman appreciates might distress another women who decides when such behavior is inapporpriate

answer

the person to whom the comments are directed

question

the 1984 Supreme Court decision in Memphis Firefighters v. Stotts

answer

upheld seniority over affirmative action

question

in 1987, the supreme court affirmed in the case of Johnson v. Transportation agency, that

answer

considerations of sex are permissible as one factor in deciding whom to promote

question

Which of the following statements is accurate

answer

the law treats sexual harassment as a form of sexual discrimination

question

when investigators sent equally qualified young white and black men--all of them articulate and conventionally dressed--to apply for entry-level jobs in Chicago and Washington, D.C., the results clearly showed

answer

racial discriminate against young African-American men

question

What quality is more important in predicting who gets fired than job-performance ratings or even prior disciplinary history?

answer

race

question

Male managers frequently assume that women

answer

are too emotional to be good managers

question

what do affirmative action programs involve

answer

firms are expected to survey current female and minority employment by department and job classification

question

Today most large corporations not only accept the necessity of affirmative action but also find that _____ benefits when they make themselves more diverse?

answer

the bottom line

question

Many Americans oppose what issue because they fear it will mean in practice, illegal quotas, preferential treatment ofAfrican Americans and women and even reverse discrimination against white men?

answer

Affirmative action

question

over the last two decades, how many sexual-harassment claims have emerged?

answer

over 12,000

question

there are tow types of sexual harassment

answer

"quid pro quo" and "hostile work environment"

question

to answer the question of who determines what is objectionable or offensive in sexual harassment, the courts use what kind of hypothetical person?

answer

a reasonable person

question

one message that sexual harassment conveys is that managers view women as

answer

playthings

question

what should a female employee do if she encounters sexual harassment?

answer

she should try to document it by keeping a record of what has occurred, who was involved, and when it happened

question

companies clearly have what kind of obligation to provide a work environment in which employees are free from sexual harassment?

answer

moral

question

opponents of comparable worth insist which one of these ideas support their position?

answer

most women have freely chosen the lower paying occupations

question

Affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment are connected to

answer

job discrimination

question

Affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment are connected to

answer

job discrimination

Fubara – Business Ethics Final Chapters 6-11 – Flashcards

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