FSHN Exam 4: Chapter 8 – Flashcards

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The term oxidation refers to __________.
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an oxygen-fueled chemical reaction that causes a stable atom to lose an electron and become a reactive free radical
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What do antioxidants do to free radicals?
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Stabilize them so they no longer damage the body's molecules or structures.
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Vitamins C and E work to protect the body's ___.
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cell membranes and lungs
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Beta-carotene is a plant chemical that also __________.
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is an inactive form of vitamin A
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The most abundant sources of vitamin A in the diet are __________.
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animal-based foods
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T/F Formation of free radicals can increase your risk for cancer and heart disease.
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True
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Which of the following statements regarding free radicals is FALSE? Free radicals donate electrons to unstable compounds. Free radicals contain an unpaired electron. Free radicals can be neutralized by antioxidants. Free radicals steal electrons from phospholipids found in cell membranes.
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Free radicals donate electrons to unstable compounds
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T/F Selenium is considered an antioxidant.
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True
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Who is at greatest risk for vitamin E deficiency?
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People with liver or gallbladder diseases
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Antioxidant minerals function as ______ within antioxidant enzyme systems.
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cofactors
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Beta-carotene is a ________.
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carotenoid
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Vitamin C assists in ________.
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collagen synthesis
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Selenium is a trace mineral that appears to play a role in _____ function.
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immune
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Vitamin C is excreted easily because it is ______.
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water soluble
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Which of these foods is the best source of vitamin E? Salmon Grilled chicken Greek yogurt Canola oil
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Canola Oil
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Which is the best food source of beta-carotene? Cheddar cheese Salmon Blueberries Pumpkin pie
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Pumpkin Pie
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Which meal is likely to exceed the Upper Level (UL) for vitamin A? Tuna salad sandwich with an apple and soda Grilled steak with spinach salad Liver and onions with a glass of wine Three-egg omelet with toast
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Liver and onions with a glass of wine
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One of the best things you can do to help prevent cancer is _________
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Not to smoke
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An example of an action that decreases cancer risk is _________.
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eating a variety of brightly colored vegetables
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The three major types of cancer treatment are radiation, chemotherapy, and ________
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surgery
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An example of a modifiable risk factor identified by the American Cancer Society is ____.
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weight
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T/F When our diet is deficient in vitamin A, mucus production by epithelial cells increases.
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False
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At what stage in the development of cancer do the cancerous cells grow out of control and invade surrounding tissues?
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progression
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The three active forms of vitamin A in our bodies are collectively referred to as the___________
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retinoids.
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The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is
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rhodopsin.
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T/F Approximately half of all cancers are strongly hereditary.
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False
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Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of
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atoms
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The three major types of cancer treatment are radiation, chemotherapy, and ________.
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surgery
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Which of the following is a compound that is needed to activate an enzyme?
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a cofactor
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Most forms of cancer result in the formation of _________.
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tumors
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T/F Carrots, spinach, and sweet potatoes contain a large amount of preformed vitamin A.
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false
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The doctor has recently told Julie that she is anemic. Which of the following should Julie consume with her iron supplement to increase its absorption?
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a glass of orange juice
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T/F Ninety percent of the vitamin A we absorb is stored in adipose tissue.
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false
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T/F There is growing evidence that antioxidant supplements do NOT reduce our risk for CVD.
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true
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MOST of the body's vitamin A is stored in the
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liver
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Why are dark green vegetables such as kale and spinach good sources of vitamin A?
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They contain abundant beta-carotene, a precursor of retinol.
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T/F Free radicals are highly unstable atoms that can damage or destroy cells, often resulting in a loss of normal cellular function.
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True
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Which of the following would NOT be a good strategy for increasing vitamin E in the diet? 1. snacking on vegetables throughout the day 2. eating a peanut butter sandwich 3. adding sunflower seeds to salads 4. deep-frying foods in corn or safflower oils
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deep-frying foods in corn or safflower oils
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In an atom, the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have what kind of a charge?
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negative
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Where does the body store selenium?
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in amino acids in the body
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Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of which of the following proteins that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body?
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collagen
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Which research study demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and a decreased mortality from heart disease in smokers?
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ATBC Study
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Which of the following is a major symptom of vitamin C deficiency?
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tissue hemorrhage
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Which of the following cooking methods is most likely to decrease the vitamin C content of vitamin C-rich foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables?
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boiling
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During which phase do cancerous cells metastasize?
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progression
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What is a compound that has the ability to prevent or repair the damage caused by oxidation?
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antioxidant
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What is the name for a physician who specializes in cancer treatment?
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oncologist
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One serious consequence of a vitamin A deficiency is:
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xerophthalmia: hardening of the cornea
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Which of the following foods contains the highest amount of selenium?
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Halibut (three ounces): animal foods contain highest amount
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Which of the following plays the primary role in the body's physiological functions?
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Retinol
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Atoms with unpaired electrons are called __________.
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free radicals
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What percentage of all cancer deaths could be prevented if everyone followed the American Cancer Society's recommendation to quit smoking?
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33%
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What disease is associated with a deficiency of vitamin C?
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Scurvy
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Which of the following foods would be considered a poor source of vitamin E?
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milk
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Which of the following is NOT a key function of vitamin A?
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Enhancing absorption of iron
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The heart disorder caused by a selenium deficiency is __________.
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Keshan disease
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