question

The term oxidation refers to __________.

answer

an oxygen-fueled chemical reaction that causes a stable atom to lose an electron and become a reactive free radical

question

What do antioxidants do to free radicals?

answer

Stabilize them so they no longer damage the body's molecules or structures.

question

Vitamins C and E work to protect the body's ___.

answer

cell membranes and lungs

question

Beta-carotene is a plant chemical that also __________.

answer

is an inactive form of vitamin A

question

The most abundant sources of vitamin A in the diet are __________.

answer

animal-based foods

question

T/F Formation of free radicals can increase your risk for cancer and heart disease.

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements regarding free radicals is FALSE? Free radicals donate electrons to unstable compounds. Free radicals contain an unpaired electron. Free radicals can be neutralized by antioxidants. Free radicals steal electrons from phospholipids found in cell membranes.

answer

Free radicals donate electrons to unstable compounds

question

T/F Selenium is considered an antioxidant.

answer

True

question

Who is at greatest risk for vitamin E deficiency?

answer

People with liver or gallbladder diseases

question

Antioxidant minerals function as ______ within antioxidant enzyme systems.

answer

cofactors

question

Beta-carotene is a ________.

answer

carotenoid

question

Vitamin C assists in ________.

answer

collagen synthesis

question

Selenium is a trace mineral that appears to play a role in _____ function.

answer

immune

question

Vitamin C is excreted easily because it is ______.

answer

water soluble

question

Which of these foods is the best source of vitamin E? Salmon Grilled chicken Greek yogurt Canola oil

answer

Canola Oil

question

Which is the best food source of beta-carotene? Cheddar cheese Salmon Blueberries Pumpkin pie

answer

Pumpkin Pie

question

Which meal is likely to exceed the Upper Level (UL) for vitamin A? Tuna salad sandwich with an apple and soda Grilled steak with spinach salad Liver and onions with a glass of wine Three-egg omelet with toast

answer

Liver and onions with a glass of wine

question

One of the best things you can do to help prevent cancer is _________

answer

Not to smoke

question

An example of an action that decreases cancer risk is _________.

answer

eating a variety of brightly colored vegetables

question

The three major types of cancer treatment are radiation, chemotherapy, and ________

answer

surgery

question

An example of a modifiable risk factor identified by the American Cancer Society is ____.

answer

weight

question

T/F When our diet is deficient in vitamin A, mucus production by epithelial cells increases.

answer

False

question

At what stage in the development of cancer do the cancerous cells grow out of control and invade surrounding tissues?

answer

progression

question

The three active forms of vitamin A in our bodies are collectively referred to as the___________

answer

retinoids.

question

The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is

answer

rhodopsin.

question

T/F Approximately half of all cancers are strongly hereditary.

answer

False

question

Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of

answer

atoms

question

The three major types of cancer treatment are radiation, chemotherapy, and ________.

answer

surgery

question

Which of the following is a compound that is needed to activate an enzyme?

answer

a cofactor

question

Most forms of cancer result in the formation of _________.

answer

tumors

question

T/F Carrots, spinach, and sweet potatoes contain a large amount of preformed vitamin A.

answer

false

question

The doctor has recently told Julie that she is anemic. Which of the following should Julie consume with her iron supplement to increase its absorption?

answer

a glass of orange juice

question

T/F Ninety percent of the vitamin A we absorb is stored in adipose tissue.

answer

false

question

T/F There is growing evidence that antioxidant supplements do NOT reduce our risk for CVD.

answer

true

question

MOST of the body's vitamin A is stored in the

answer

liver

question

Why are dark green vegetables such as kale and spinach good sources of vitamin A?

answer

They contain abundant beta-carotene, a precursor of retinol.

question

T/F Free radicals are highly unstable atoms that can damage or destroy cells, often resulting in a loss of normal cellular function.

answer

True

question

Which of the following would NOT be a good strategy for increasing vitamin E in the diet? 1. snacking on vegetables throughout the day 2. eating a peanut butter sandwich 3. adding sunflower seeds to salads 4. deep-frying foods in corn or safflower oils

answer

deep-frying foods in corn or safflower oils

question

In an atom, the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have what kind of a charge?

answer

negative

question

Where does the body store selenium?

answer

in amino acids in the body

question

Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of which of the following proteins that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body?

answer

collagen

question

Which research study demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and a decreased mortality from heart disease in smokers?

answer

ATBC Study

question

Which of the following is a major symptom of vitamin C deficiency?

answer

tissue hemorrhage

question

Which of the following cooking methods is most likely to decrease the vitamin C content of vitamin C-rich foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables?

answer

boiling

question

During which phase do cancerous cells metastasize?

answer

progression

question

What is a compound that has the ability to prevent or repair the damage caused by oxidation?

answer

antioxidant

question

What is the name for a physician who specializes in cancer treatment?

answer

oncologist

question

One serious consequence of a vitamin A deficiency is:

answer

xerophthalmia: hardening of the cornea

question

Which of the following foods contains the highest amount of selenium?

answer

Halibut (three ounces): animal foods contain highest amount

question

Which of the following plays the primary role in the body's physiological functions?

answer

Retinol

question

Atoms with unpaired electrons are called __________.

answer

free radicals

question

What percentage of all cancer deaths could be prevented if everyone followed the American Cancer Society's recommendation to quit smoking?

answer

33%

question

What disease is associated with a deficiency of vitamin C?

answer

Scurvy

question

Which of the following foods would be considered a poor source of vitamin E?

answer

milk

question

Which of the following is NOT a key function of vitamin A?

answer

Enhancing absorption of iron

question

The heart disorder caused by a selenium deficiency is __________.

answer

Keshan disease

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