Fracking Research Paper notecards

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Source 1: page 1, topic: America's Energy Traditions
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For the majority of the United States first century of existence, a family would survive by burning wood
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Source 1: page 2, topic: America's Energy Traditions
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Though contrary to what it looks like, the new citizens of the United States actually used fire, in a way that was harmful for the environment, unlike the Native Americans.
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Source 1: page 3, topic: Important Tip to people who are not open to fracking
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Sometimes humans can be very ignorant about certain topics with out knowing the whole ideas.
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Source 1: page 3, topic: Important Tip to people who are not open to fracking
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It is important to based off your opinion with reason rather than emotion.
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Source 2: page 13, topic: Bribery
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Some writers get fresh water from the fracking company directly if they write about fracking in a positive light. Not everything is what it may be.
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Source 1: page 3, topic: Renewable Energy can still worsen climate change
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Wood, for example, produces the highest amount of carbon amazons per unit of energy produced. This is even including coal and oil
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Source 1: page 3, topic: Renewable Energy can still worsen climate change
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The fact above is true for the majority of biomass. (solid fuels like wood and coal)
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Source 1: page 3, topic: Environmental groups ignorance?
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A lot of the fossil fuels that environmental groups don't like actually reduce deforestation and save the whales.
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Source 1: page 4, topic: Oil boom
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Oil in the United States has been a very important energy source, for example, it got the car industry started in the United States
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Source 1: page 4, topic: United States citizens energy challenge
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Several events, such as the 1969 Santa Barbara Channel oil spill and air pollution concerns, caused many people in our nation to worry about our energy choices.
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Source 1: page 4, topic: United States citizens energy challenge
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Though a lot more citizens were worried about how in 1980, gasoline had topped $1 per gallon.
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Source 1: page 4, topic: United States citizens energy challenge
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A lot of the citizens in the U.S. had taken energy for granted, but after they realize the raise in gas prices, they knew this energy crisis was more important than they were making it.
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Source 1: page 5, topic: United States struggle after oil boom
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The U.S. had lost our spot as the number one oil producer, and now was dependent on oil from other nations.
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Source 1: page 5, topic: United States citizens perspective on oil
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Because of the Arab oil embargo of 1973 and the Santa Barbara oil spill, the oil and gas industry reached either favorably high ratings and unfavorably low ratings.
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Source 1: page 6, topic: United States citizens perspective on oil in the past
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For the fact above, it's funny to observe that, but one of the reasons why this was the case, was because many citizens were uneducated with how this worked.
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Source 1: page 7, topic: United States citizens perspective on oil now
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Oil ranks near the bottom of public favorably rankings down with tobacco.
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Source 1: page 13, topic: Where we can drill
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The American Petroleum Institute (API) states that at least 87% of our federal offshore average is off-limits to drilling.
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Source 1: page 13, topic: It's possible to access some of this land
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Though the API allowed the consultancy Wood Mackenzie to access the foregone offshore opportunity in specific terms.
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Source 1: page 13, topic: How will the oil industries owning of the land
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It is estamiated that by increasing access to oil and gas resources by federal waters , by 2025, we could generate an additional 4 million barrels of oil equivalent per day, add $150 billion to government revenues, and create 530,000 additional jobs.
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Source 1: page 15, topic: Obama slowing down oil industry?
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Halfway through Obama's second term, less than one-third the number of federal lands permit issued by the single-term of President H. W. Bush
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Source 1: page 15, topic: Obama's slowing down could be...
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Something the oil industry comes to regret
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Source 1: page 15, topic: A somewhat good energy source
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Energy efficiency is a good source of energy. Things like turing off the light after you leave a room can help a lot.
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Source 1: page 17, topic: Drawbacks to energy efficiency
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Say you buy a electric tankless water heater that may save a lot more energy, but cost way more money to the consumer.
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Source 1: page 17, topics: Drawbacks to energy efficiency
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Also it may seem like a good idea, electric tankless water heater, on average, does not make up the additional cost over its lifetime.
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Source 3: topic: Fracking studies
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A team of scientists from Ohio State and other universities like Duke studied 130 wells that were franked and they found, when properly conducted, no groundwater or aquifer pollution results.
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Source 3: topic: Fracking studies
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Out of these 130 wells the scientists noticed that a few of these wells, such as seven in Pennsylvania and one in Texas resulted in some problems
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Source 3: topic: Fracking studies
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One problem was because of faulty well construction.
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Source 3: topic: Fracking studies
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Another problem with these wells was the cementing of the wells, this could of caused the escaping of gases and ground water.
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Source 3: topic: What do these results tell us?
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This experiment determine that the release of the gases resulted from the seepage in the walls rather than fracking itself.
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Source 1: page 18-19, topic: Drawbacks to biofuels
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According to Aaron Smith, a professor at the University of California-Davis and a specialist in commodity market finance, the war for corn can create a variety of problems.
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Source 1: page 19, topic: Drawbacks to biofuels
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He states, "a vulnerable market in which even the slightest production disturbance will have devastating consequences for the world's poor."
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Source 1: page 19, topic: Drawbacks to biofuels
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Ethanol production causes many environmental problems, such as damage to our prairie ecosystems and waterways.
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Source 1: page 19, topic: Drawbacks to biofuels
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Since the original ethanol mandates, 1.2 million acres of native grasslands have been plowed under and converted to cornfields.
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Source 1: page 19, topic: Drawbacks to biofuels
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This process releases carbon dioxide that was trapped in the soil.
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Source 1: page 19, topic: Drawbacks to biofuels
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This process increases erosion, and introduces additional chemicals in the form of fertilizers and pesticides into the environment.
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Source 1: page 37, topic: Fracking fact
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Oil and natural gases will never run out.
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Source 1: page 38, topic: Methane Hydrates definition
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These are cage-like lattices of frozen water molecules that contain methane and can occur below the arctic permafrost and beneath the ocean floor around the world.
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Source 1: page 38, topic: Facts about Methane Hydrates
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They can also be a dangerous nuisance when they form spontaneously during deepwater drilling and production operations.
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Source 1: page 38, topic: Facts about Methane Hydrates
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It may contain more organic carbon than all the coal, oil, and other forms of natural gas combined, this according to the U.S. Geological Survey.
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Source 1: page 38, topic: Facts about Methane Hydrates
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It is very possible to produce natural gas from methane hydrates.
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Source 1: page 41, topic: Clarifying Reserves Versus Resources
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There are three types of reserves-proved, probable, and possible and they typically mean oil and gas that is economically recoverable depending on current prices and a lot of other factors.
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Source 1: page 41, topic: Clarifying Reserves Versus Resources
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Resources, on the other hand, are oil and gas volumes that could be produced with current technology without any consideration for prices or cost.
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Source 1: page 41, topic: Clarifying Reserves and Resources
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So overall, resources are nice and easy number, while Reserves can be booked as assets.
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Source 1: page 44, topic: How to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
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CO2 EOR research is being done to try and reduce greenhouse gas emission
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Source 12: topic: How can fracking be safe?
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Wells production is key to make sure fracking is safe, this was discovered in Ohio.
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Source 12: topic: How can Fracking be safe?
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Well for starters have to alert to the public how it can be done, need to spread the word.
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Source 12: topic: How can Fracking be safe?
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The wells need to be dug far lower than the water table so water cannot be polluted.
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Source 12: topic: How can Fracking be safe?
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Needs to be a safety valve to prevent pollution from spreading if there is a said hole in a well or barrel
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Source 12: topic: How do officials feel about Fracking regulations?
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Spokeswomen from ODNR, Bethany McCorkle, says that Ohio has strict requirements but she has been scrutinized because there have been times where fracking has gone horribly wrong.
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Source 12: topic: How do officials feel about Fracking regulations?
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Although some people agree with Bethany, the majority of people believe that the "best practices" for fracking still have not been discovered yet.
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Source: 16: topic: Precautions being done to improve fracking safety
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Now have 41 wells inspectors in Ohio and they are trying to hire 16 more.
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Source: 16: topic: Why fracking needs to be safe
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Even if some wells have just the smallest of holes it can cause pollution to people's water who live nearby.
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Source 7: topic: How can we stop water pollution?
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Again, the well inspectors are supposed to watch over workers to make sure they don't rush through the progress and accidentally frack will unsafe equipment.
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Source 7: topic: Big problem
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When methane get's in drinking water it isn't too poisonous. Though the main problem is that it can explode and it needs to be treated carefully
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Source 10: topic Global fracking
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US is trying to expand shale fracking to other companies
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Source 10: topic: Global fracking
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Not making their own fracking sites but helping other places make some so they can get money.
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Source 10: topic: Global fracking
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Maybe it is not good for places like China where there are so many hills
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Source 10: topic: Global fracking
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Also in China there may not be a lot technology to do the fracking.
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Source 10: topic: US willing to help?
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The U.S. could gain a lot more money by telling places about fracking.
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Source 10: topic: US willing to help?
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They could also gain money by giving places some start up energy.
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Source 10: topic: Sometimes the US helping themselves isn't worth it
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Long term effects could be deadly if the U.S. elects to help other people
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Source 10: topic: Sometimes the US helping themselves isn't worth it
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If places have topography it may be very faulty
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Source 10: topic: Why is this bad in China
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Places like the U.S. have flat land which makes fracking much easier because the drill can go straight down into the Earth.
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Source 10: topic: Why is this bad in China
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Though in China because the land is so rugged fracking needs to be done very carefully
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Source 10: Why is this bad in China
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Also, the technology isn't that good to begin with therefore to ask for careful fracking is a stretch
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Source 14: topic: Why fracking is only viable in the U.S.
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Private landownership is a very crucial reason why this is the case
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Source 14: topic: US's future when dealing with foreign fracking
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The United States may need to be the policeman because of our foreign policy.
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Source 14: topic: US's future when dealing with foreign fracking
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May not have to deal with foreign policy unless our own country is at risk.
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Source 6: topic: Climate Change, is it a factor
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For starters scientist shouldn't make broad claims, they should support their claims with facts
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Source 6: topic: Climate Change, is it a factor
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Scientist should always keep an open mind
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Source 6: topic: Climate Change, is it a factor
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They should also always be questioning the data they have and finding more data to support their claims
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Source 6: topic: Climate Change, is it a factor
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Remember scientist used to think the Earth was the center of the Earth, so always keep an open mind.
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Source 8: topic: Keystone XL
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It is a pipeline that is 1,179 miles long
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Source 8: topic: Keystone XL
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It carries oil to Canada and the United States
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Source 8: topic: Keystone XL
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First environmentalist hated it because it crossed a huge and important fresh water aquifer and sensitive ecosystem in Nebraska
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Source 8: topic: Keystone XL
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Then a lot of environmentalist claimed that it was worse for the environment than the pipeline.
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