Foundations of College Chemistry – Test 1 (chapters 1-3)
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science
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observation and study of physical creation
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chemistry
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study of matter
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scientific method
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procedure for disproving false (physical) ideas
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significant figure
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digit in a number that conveys real information about the measurement being made
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scientific notation
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expressing numbers as power of 10
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standard form
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scientific notation in which the decimal portion has one non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point
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conversion factor
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quantity that changes the units of a measurement without changing the value of the measurement
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unit equivalence
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defined or calculated relationship between two units (e.g. 60 minutes = 1 hour)
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density
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mass per unit volume, or d = m/v
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pure substance
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matter with the same kind of atoms or molecules throughout
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pure element
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matter with only one kind of atom throughout
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pure compound
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matter with only one kind of molecule throughout
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mixture
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matter with different atoms or molecules throughout
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homogenous mixture
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mixture with two or more kinds of atoms or molecules, evenly mixed; a solution
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heterogenous mixture
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mixture with two or more kinds of atoms and/or molecules unevenly mixed
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matter
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anything that has mass and occupies space; also called a substance
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state of matter
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solid, liquid or gas; also called a \"phase\"; also know as phases of matter
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element
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substance that cannot be decomposed by any physical or chemical process
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metals
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solids that conduct electricity (mercury is the only exception - liquid)
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non-metals
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solids or gases that do not conduct electricity (bromine is the only exception - liquid)
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metalloids
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solids that sometimes conduct current, sometimes do not; also called semiconductors or semimetals
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atoms
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smallest particles with properties of an element
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compound
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substance made of two or more atoms chemically combined
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molecule
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smallest particle with the properties of a compound
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diatomic molecules
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molecules made of two of the same kind of atom; also called diatomic elements
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chemical forumla
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show the kind(s) and proportions of atoms in a molecule
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allotrope
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different molecular forms of an element
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ionic formulas
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formula which a has a positive atom/group and a negative atom/group
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ion
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charged atom or group (positive or negative)
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polyatomic group
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charged group of atoms (not a molecule)
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cation
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positive ion
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anion
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negative ion
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neutral
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no charge; the condition of an unreacted atom, or an atom existing as a diatomic element
