Foundations of College Chemistry / Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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SOLID
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A state of matter having a definite shape and a definite volume, whose particles cohere rigidly to one another, so that a _ can be independent of its container.
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THEORY
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An explanation of the general principles of certain phenomena with considerable evidence to support it; a well-established hypothesis.
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HYPOTHESIS
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A tentative explanation of certain facts to provide a basis for further experimentation.
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SYSTEM
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A body of matter under consideration.
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PHASE
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A homogeneous part of a system separated from other parts by a physical boundary.
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SCIENTIFIC LAWS
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Simple statements of natural phenomena to which no exceptions are known under the given conditions.
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MIXTURE
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Matter containing two or more substances, which can be present in variable amounts; _ can be homogeneous (sugar water) or heterogeneous (sand and water).
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AMORPHOUS
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A solid without shape or form.
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MATTER
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Anything that has mass and occupies space.
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GAS
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A state of matter that has no shape or definite volume so that substance completely fills its container.
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SCIENTIFIC METHOD
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A method of solving problems by observation; recording and evaluating data of an experiment; formulating hypothesis and theories to explain the behavior of nature; and devising additional experiments to test the hypotheses and theories to see if they are correct.
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HOMOGENEOUS
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Matter that has uniform properties throughout.
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HETEROGENEOUS
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Matter without a uniform composition--having two or more components or phases.
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SUBSTANCE
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matter that is homogeneuous and has a definite, fixed composition; (_) occur in two forms--as elements and as compounds.
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CHEMISTRY
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The science of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter, especially of atomic and molecular systems.
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LIQUID
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A state of matter in which the particles move about freely while the substance retains a definite volume; thus, (_) flow and take the shape of their containers.
