Forensics Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Mathieu Orfila
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Father of forensics toxicology
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Alphonse Bertillon
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Devised the first scientific system of personal identification in 1879
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Francis Galton
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conducted the first definitive study of fingerprints and their classification
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Forensic Science
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the application of science to criminal and civil law
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Landsteiner
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associated with the classification of blood types
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Leone Lattes
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developed a procedure to determine blood type from dried bloodstains
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Walter Mccrone
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utilized microscopy and other analytical methodologies to examine evidence and the father of microscopy
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Albert Osborn
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developed the fundamental principles of document examination
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Edmond locard
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the first person to apply the principles of forensic science to a working crime laboratory
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Oldest Forensics Laboratory in the USA
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Los Angeles Police Department 1923
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The four major reasons for the increased amount of crime laboratories in the US since the 60's (Essay)
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The requirement to advise criminals of their constitutional rights and their right of immediate access to counsel has almost eliminated confessions as a routine tool. Crime rates in the US have increased. All illicit drug seizures must be sent to a forensic laboratory for confirmation on the chemical analysis before the case can be judged. The advent of DNA profiling increased the need for laboratories.
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Seamen stains/bloodtyping/hair
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biological things
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Frye Standard
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evidence in question must be generally accepted by the scientific community general acceptance standard
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Qualifications of an expert witness
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an individual whom the court determines possesses knowledge relevant to the trial that is not expected of the average person
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Which entity maintains the largest crime lab in the world
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FBI
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Bite Marks/Teeth
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Odontology
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Final evaluator of forensics evidence
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Jury
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Forensics engineering
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concerned with failure analysis, accident reconstruction, and causes and origins of fires or explosions
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Specially trained person that comes into a crime scene
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evidence technician
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Scientific Method
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Question / Hypothesis / Experimentation / Once Hypothesis is validated, it's scientific evidence
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CSI effect
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belief by the public that every single case has evidence that will ultimately convict someone
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Unit that would use principles like chemistry physics and geology
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physical science
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List the function of a forensic scientist (Essay)
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Process crime scene evidence (toxins, drugs, blood, hair) Testify in court about their findings as expert witnesses
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Describe the advantages of incorporating an evidence collection unit into the organizational structure of the crime lab (Essay)
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Unit would have experience in evidence collection, so it will be collected correctly and in a way that doesn't taint the evidence Unit would have knowledge and be trained how to collect evidence so there will be limited if any mistakes while collecting evidence Unit would know which unit they need to give the evidence to for examination
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Author of Sherlock Holmes
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Arthur Conan Doyle
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Number of working crime laboratories in the US
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Over 400
