Forensics Ch. 12 Serology – Flashcards
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Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood can be classified by its ___________
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type
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T/F: No two individuals, except for identical twins, can be expected to have the same combination of blood types or antigens
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true
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_________is the fluid portion of unclotted blood
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plasma
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the liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed is called the _______
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serum
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________ transport oxygen from the lings to the body and tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs
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red blood cells
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on the surface of red blood cells are chemical substances called________ which impart blood type characteristics to the cells
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antigens
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type A individuals have ___________ antigens on the surface of their red blood cells
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A
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Type O individuals have (both/neither) A and B antigens on their red blood cells
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neither
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the presence or absence of the ______ and ______ antigens on the red blood cells determines a person's blood type in the A-B-O system
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A, B
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the D antigen is also known as the _____ antigen
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Rh
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Serum contains proteins known as _______, which destroy or inactivate antigens
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antibody
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T/F: an antibody reacts with (any, only a specific) antigen
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specific
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T/F: agglutination describes the clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
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true
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type B blood contains ______antigens and anti-_____antibodies
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B, A
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type AB blood has (both/neither) anti-A (and/nor) anti-B
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neither, nor
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a drug-protein complex can be injected into an animal to form specific _____ for that drug
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antibodies
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the term ______ describes the study of antigen-antibody reactions
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serology
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type AB blood (is/is not) agglutinated by both anti-A and anti-B serum
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is not
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type B red blood cells agglutinate when added to type (A, B) blood
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A
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type A red blood cells agglutinate when added to type (A,B,O) blood
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AB
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an immunological assay technique used to detect the presence of minute quantities of drugs in blood and urine is _____
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RIA
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The distribution of type A blood in the U.S. is approx. (42%,15%)
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42%
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the distribution of type AB blood in the U.S. is approx. (12%,3%)
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3%
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(all/most) blood hemoglobin has peroxidase-like activity
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all
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for many years, the most commonly used color test for identifying blood was the _____ color test
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benzidine-caused cancer
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___________ reagent reacts with blood, causing it to luminesce
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luminol
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blood can be characteri9zed as being of human origin by the ______test
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precipitant
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antigens and antibodies (can/cannot) be induced to move toward each toher under the influence of an electrical field
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can
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antibodies designed to interact with a specific antigen site are (monoclonal/polyclonal)
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monoclonal
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T/F: hybridoma cells are used to produce antigens designed to attack one and only one site on an antibody
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false
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______ are proteins that have important functions in regulating many of the body's chemical reactions
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enzymes
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enzymes that exist in different forms in a population are (poly/monomorphic)
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polymorphic
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T/F: the shape of bloodstains may provide useful info regarding the direction, dropping distance and angle of impact of spattered blood
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true
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the basic unit of heredity is the ____
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gene
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genes are positioned on threadlike bodies called_____
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chromosomes
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all cells in the human body, except the reproductive cells, have _____ pairs of chromosomes
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23
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the sex of an offspring is always determined by the (mother/father)
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father
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genes that influence a given characteristic and are aligned with one another on a chromosome pair are known as______
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alleles
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when a pair of allelic genes are identical, the genes are said to be (homo/heterozygous)
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homozygous
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a (pheno/genotype) is an observable characteristic of an individual
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phenotype
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the combination of genes present in the cells of an individual is called the _____
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genotype
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a gene (will/will not) appear in a child when it is present in one of the parents
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will not
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a type B individual may have the genotype ______ or the genotype ______
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Bb, BB, Bo
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a type AB mother and type AB father will have offspring of what possible genotypes
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AA,BB,AB
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the ______ color test is used to locate and characterize seminal stains
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acid phosphate
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semen is unequivocally identified by the microscopic appearance of ______
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sperm
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males with a low sperm count have a condition known as (oligospermia/aspermia)
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oligospermia
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the protein _________ is unique to seminal plasma
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p30
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T/F: DNA may be transferred to an object through the medium of persipiration
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true
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T/F: seminal constituents may remain in the vagina for up to 6 days after intercourse
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false
