First Aid-Test 3-Bites and Stings – Flashcards
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one of every two
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it is estimated that ______ of every _____ Americans will be bitten at sometime by an animal or person
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80%
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what percentage of animal bites are caused by dogs?
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immediate tissue damage and later infection
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what are two major concerns of animal bites?
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children and elderly
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what type of people are especially prone to animal bites?
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hands, arms, legs, and face
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what areas of the body are mostly damaged by animal bites?
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in rural or wilderness locations
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where do wild animal attacks most often occur?
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rabies
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what disease is associated with animal bites and is one of the most ancient and feared of diseases?
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a virus found in warm-blooded animals spread via saliva
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what causes rabies?
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when it penetrates the skin
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when is a bite or scratch considered exposure to rabies?
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contamination of wounds
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nonbite exposure to rabies consists of?
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-if it made an unprovoked attack -acted strangely -was a high-risk species
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When should you suspect rabies in an animal?
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if it is not bleeding heavily wash it with soap and water, control bleeding, cover wound with sterile or clean dressing, seek medical care
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how do you care for animal bites?
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the hand
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what is the most common injury location for human bites?
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infection
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clenched-fist injury (when cut on teeth) has a high likelihood of _____
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50,000
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how many people throughout the world die of snake bites each year?
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40 to 50 thousand
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in the US how many people are bitten by snakes?
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7 to 8 thousand
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how many people bitten by snakes in the US are bitten by venomous snakes?
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rattlesnakes, copperheads, water moccasins, coral snakes
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what are the four species of venomous snakes in the US?
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rattlesnakes, copperheads, and water moccasins
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which snakes are pit vipers?
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triangular flat heads, elliptical pupils, and a heat-sensitive pit
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what do pit vipers look like?
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small and colorful, red, yellow and black bands around body
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what do coral snakes look like?
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alaska, hawaii, and maine
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at least one species of venomous snake is found in every state except ____, _____, and ______
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legitimate and illegitimate
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what are the two types of snake bites?
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rattlesnakes
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what are the most widespread pit vipers?
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they keep the rodent population under control
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what is positive about pit vipers?
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-severe burning pain -two small puncture wounds -swelling -discoloration -blood-filled blisters -nausea, vomiting, sweating, weakness
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how do you recognize pit viper bites?
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-keep victim quiet -wash area with soap and water -remove jewelry -stabilize extremity -keep extremity below heart level -seek medical care
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how do you care for pit viper snake bites?
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coral snake
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what is america's most venomous snake?
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rarely
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how often do coral snakes bite people?
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neurotoxin
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coral snake venom is a _______
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1 to 5 hours
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how long after you are bitten by a coral snake do you show symptoms?
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-minimal pain -sagging or drooping upper eyelids -weakness -pricking, tingling skin -double vision -difficulty swallowing -sweating -abnormal flow of saliva
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how do you recognize coral snake bites?
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-keep victim calm -clean with soap and water -apply mild pressure -seek medical care
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how do you care for a coral snake bite?
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nonvenomous snakes
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what type of snake inflict the most bites?
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insects! (bees, fire ants, etc)
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what account for more deaths and illnesses each year than all other venomous animals combined?
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1 in every 200
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how many people are dangerously allergic to stinging insect venom?
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500
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how many stings will kill even people who are not allergic to stinging insects?
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africanized bees
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killer bees are also known as ______
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mouth or eye
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what areas are more dangerous to be stung in?
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inside the throat
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where are the most dangerous stings in nonallergic individuals?
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60 species
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how many species of spiders in North America are capable of biting humans?
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brown widow and red-legged
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black widow spiders are also known as what?
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5
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how many species of black widows are there?
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3
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how many of the 5 species of black widows are actually black?
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throughout the world
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where are black widows found?
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extensive, irregular and shaggy
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what kind of web do black widows have?
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-sharp pinprick -two tiny red spots -within 15 minutes to 4 hours, muscle stiffness and cramps occur -headache, chills, fever, sweating, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting -sever pain around bite peaks in 2 to 3 hours
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how do you recognize a black widow bite?
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-catch spider -clean bite area with soap and water or rubbing alcohol -place an ice pack over the bite -pain medication -monitor breathing -seek medical care immediately
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how do you care for black widow bites?
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fiddle-back and violin spiders
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what are brown recluse spiders also known as?
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southern and midwestern states
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where in the US are brown recluse spiders mostly found?
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-local reaction within 2 to 8 hours -mild to severe pain at the bite site -redness, swelling, and local itching -blister forms at site in 48 to 72 hours (bull's eye patter, volcano lesions) -fever, weakness, vomiting, joint pain, rash -stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting
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how do you recognize a brown recluse bite?
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-catch spider -clean area with soap and water or rubbing alcohol -ice pack -pain med -medical care immediately
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how do you care for a brown recluse spider bite?
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only when provoked or roughly handled
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when do tarantulas bite?
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scratches abdomen and flicks hairs onto a person
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how can you tell when a tarantula is upset?
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-bite causes pain, aching, or stinging -hairs cause itching and inflammation that can last several weeks
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how can you recognize tarantula bites and embedded hairs?
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-catch spider -clean bite area with soap and water or rubbing alcohol -ice pack -pain med -immediate medical care
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how do you care for tarantula bites?
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-remove hairs with sticky tape -wash with soap and water -apply hydrocortisone cream -pain med -antihistamine
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how do you care for embedded tarantula hairs?
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-similar to those of brown recluse -redness, blisters, and later dead tissue -headache, visual problems, weakness
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how do you recognize common aggressive house spider bites?
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-catch spider -clean bite area with soap and water or rubbing alcohol -ice pack -pain med -immediate medical care
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how do you care for common aggressive house spider bites?
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bark scorpions
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what kind of scorpions are threats to humans?
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Arizona
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where are bark scorpions found in the US?
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no but they can be dangerous to children
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are scorpion bites fatal?
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-local immediate pain and burning -later, numbness or tingling -no swelling or blanching -tapping finger over site causes pain -pain or even paralysis in severe cases -uncontrolled jerking movements and facial twitching
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how do you recognize a scorpion sting?
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monitor breathing, gently clean with soap and water or rubbing alcohol, ice pack, pain med, medical care
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how do you care for a scorpion sting?
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the giant desert centipede
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what type of centipede is dangerous to humans?
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-burning pain -local inflammation -mild swelling of lymph nodes -inflammation, swelling, redness lasting 4 to 12 hours -swelling and tenderness can last 3 weeks, or disappear and recur
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how do you recognize centipede bites?
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-clean wound with soap and water -apply ice pack -give pain med -seek med care for severe reactions
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how do you care for centipede bites?
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malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever
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what type of diseases can mosquitoes transmit in developing countries?
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encephalitis
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what disease to mosquitoes transmit in america?
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twilight
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when do mosquitoes mostly bite?
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-wash with soap and water -ice pack -calamine lotion or hydrocortisone ointment -antihistamine every 6 hours
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how do you care for mosquito bites?
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-use tweezers -grasp body as close to skin as possible -lift with enough force to tent the skin -hold until tick lets go -do not pull hard enough to break the tick apart -wash with soap and water -apply rubbing alcohol -ice pack -calamine lotion -keep area clean -watch bite site for rash for 1 month
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how do you remove a tick?
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-rash -fever -muscle aches -sensitivity to light -paralysis begins with leg weakness
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when should you seek medical care with a tick bite?
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in defense
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do marine animals attack or sting in defense?
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1 in 5 million
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the chance of being attacked by a shark along the North American coastline is less than _____ in _______
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within 100 feet of shore
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where do most shark attacks occur?
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the legs
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what is the most frequent bitten body part from a shark?
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fish blood because of the chemicals in it
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what kind of blood are sharks attracted to?
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more than 1 million
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how many people each year in the US are stung by marine animals?
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-apply vinegar for at least 30 seconds -use hot water immersion for at least 20 minutes -apply hydrocortisone several times a day
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how do you care for marine animal stings?
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1500
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at least _______ stingray injuries occur each year in coastal US waters
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-immerse injured part in hot water for 30 to 90 minutes -wash with soap and water -irrigate with water under pressure -treat like any puncture wound
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how to care for a stingray puncture
