question

The citizen responder's first step in an emergency is

answer

recognizing that an emergency exists

question

What is the worst thing you can do in an emergency?

answer

Doing nothing

question

You are caring for the victim of an accident when the victim suddenly becomes uncooperative and threatens to hurt you. What should you do?

answer

Withdraw and wait for EMS personnel to arrive.

question

You come upon a serious accident. There is quite a lot of blood on and around the victim. Which of the following could clearly be a barrier to action in this situation?

answer

Fear of disease transmission

question

Once you have recognized than an emergency exists and you decide to act, which is the most important action you can perform as a citizen responder?

answer

Calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

question

You pass by the scene of a car accident and notice that there appears to be another citizen responder at the scene. As a bystander, what action could you take?

answer

Offer to call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number or direct EMS personnel to the scene.

question

Which of the following is not considered a barrier to action in an emergency?

answer

Feeling confident in first aid training and ability.

question

The first person to arrive on the scene who is trained to give higher level of care is usually the _______?

answer

First responder

question

T/F The first responder's role in the EMS system is the same as the role of the citizen responder.

answer

False

question

You work in a laboratory facility. Someone is conducting experiments in the next lab. You hear a loud noise. You approach the lab door, but you notice a foul smell coming from under the door. You shout through the glass, but you get no answer. So, you call the emergency number. What should you do next?

answer

Wait for EMS to arrive. Do not enter the room because the fumes might be harmful to you.

question

Which of the following situations require you to CALL before you CARE?

answer

An unconscious adult victim or child age 12 or older.

question

T/F You should consider a person who is unconscious to have an immediate life-threatening situation.

answer

True

question

Checking the scene lets you do all of the following except: a. Gather information about the accident. b. Caring for the victim(s) injuries. c. Survey the area for clues about what caused the injuries. d. Prepares you to give the EMS call taker a better description.

answer

b. Caring for the victim(s) injuries

question

The top priority of a citizen responder is to

answer

Get professional help to the victim as soon as possible

question

T/F Calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number is the first step you should take in any situation.

answer

False

question

One situation that would require an immediate call to 9-1-1 or the local emergency number would be:

answer

A victim who is unconscious

question

What should you tell a victim of an accident if there is no immediate danger at the scene?

answer

Tell the victim not to move, since there is no immediate danger.

question

One piece of information that is necessary to give the EMS call taker is -

answer

The exact address or location of the injured victim(s)

question

Which of the following is the most important reason for checking the scene before aiding the victim?

answer

You might become a victim yourself if the scene is unsafe.

question

The correct order of the three basic steps you should take in handling an emergency is -

answer

Check the scene and victim, call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number, care for the victim

question

How can bystanders be helpful to you while you are checking the scene?

answer

They can assist by calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number or retrieving first aid equipment.

question

You must obtain the consent of a victim before you give care by:

answer

Telling the victim who you are, your level of training and what you would like to do

question

You come upon the scene of an accident and you see one person obviously injured with a cut. What precautions would you take when caring for the injured person?

answer

Wear disposable gloves to avoid contact with body substances, such as blood, saliva, or vomit.

question

In general, Good Samaritan laws protect

answer

citizen responders who willingly give first aid without accepting anything in return.

question

Which one of the following is a limitation to moving one or more victims quickly and safely?

answer

The size of the victim(s)

question

Which two emergency moves may be used for an unconscious victim?

answer

Pack-strap carry and clothes drag

question

Why is it important not to move a victim from the scene unless there is immediate danger?

answer

Moving a victim can lead to further injury.

question

T/F The highest risk of disease transmission is unprotected direct or indirect contact with infected body fluids.

answer

True

question

Which emergency move is most appropriate for moving a victim with a head, neck, or spinal injury?

answer

Clothes drag

question

Which of the following is one of the general guidelines for moving a victim?

answer

Lift with your legs, not your back.

question

When performing the clothes drag, you should pull the victim to safety

answer

head-first

question

T/F If there are no bystanders at the scene, you should not move the victim.

answer

False

question

The first thing you should do when interviewing a victim is -

answer

Introduce yourself and gain the victim's consent.

question

How do you support the victim's head and neck when using the clothes drag?

answer

By using your arms and the victim's clothing

question

T/F The liver, pancreas, and bladder make up the digestive system.

answer

False

question

Which body system regulates all other body systems through a network of nerves?

answer

The nervous system

question

Structures that transmit electrical impulses from one area of the body to another are called -

answer

nerves

question

The body cavity that contains the lungs is the -

answer

thoracic cavity

question

Which structure in the airway prevents food from entering the lungs when you swallow?

answer

Epiglottis

question

On a hot day, the skin of some people appears red. Which two body systems act together to make this happen?

answer

Integumentary and circulatory

question

The kidneys are part of the

answer

genitourinary system

question

How are the following organized in a body, starting with the least complex and ending with the most complex?

answer

Cell, tissue, organ, body system.

question

Arteries are part of the

answer

circulatory system

question

A severe cut on your arm initially damages the integumentary system. Which other systems may be affected?

answer

nervous, circulatory, and musculoskeletal

question

If the respiratory system fails, which other body systems will eventually fail?

answer

All body systems

question

Which two body systems work to supply oxygen to the musculoskeletal system as you exercise?

answer

Respiratory and circulatory

question

If a victim has a complete airway obstruction, which body system would fail first?

answer

respiratory

question

T/F Brain cells, like other cells in your body, will grow back if they are damaged.

answer

False

question

T/F Injuries to the musculoskeletal system may result in life-threatening damage to the circulatory and respiratory systems.

answer

True

question

The body cavity in which organs are the most vulnerable to injury because of a lack of protection from surrounding bones is the

answer

abdominal cavity

question

When would mouth-to-nose breathing be used?

answer

If the person's mouth is too severely injured to open.

question

What is the purpose of a breathing barrier such as a face shield?

answer

To create a barrier against the exchange of body fluids between the responder and victim.

question

Check to see if a victim is unconscious by

answer

tapping the victim and asking "Are you okay?"

question

The _____ are the major blood vessels that supply blood to the head and neck.

answer

carotid

question

You come to the aid of an elderly man and determine that he has no signs of life. A friend of his reports that the victim takes several medications and has dentures. How would you modify your rescue techniques based upon this information.

answer

Do not modify your techniques at all unless the dentures block the airway.

question

A victim who is unconscious and lying on his or her back could stop breathing if his or her

answer

Tongue falls to the back of his or her throat.

question

The rate for rescue breaths is

answer

About 1 second to make the chest clearly rise

question

You have already identified yourself to a victim, gained his or her consent for your assistance, and conducted the interview. Assuming that you do not suspect a head, neck, or back injury, which of the following would be your next step?

answer

Perform a head-to-toe exam

question

T/F A victim whose heart has stopped beating will also have stopped breathing

answer

True

question

T/F A conscious victim who has a heartbeat and signs of life can have a life-threatening emergency.

answer

True

question

What should you do if a person vomits while giving rescue breaths?

answer

Roll the victim onto one side as a unit and clear the mouth.

question

You are alone and must care for a victim of a drowning -

answer

Care for the victim for 2 minutes and then call 9-1-1.

question

Why is the head-tilt/chin-lift technique performed to open an airway?

answer

To move the tongue from the back of the throat

question

The head-tilt/chin-lift technique is used to

answer

open an airway

question

an unconscious child must be checked carefully for signs of life. You should -

answer

Look, listen, and feel for movement and breathing

question

An adult is conscious and breathing normally. Your head-to-toe examination reveals only a small bruise on the victim's forehead. As you continue talking to the victim, you notice that he or she becomes increasingly confused and disoriented. You should -

answer

Immediately call EMS personnel, as this victim might be developing a life-threatening condition.

question

T/F A victim is not always able to answer a responder's questions. If the victim is unable to give a verbal response when you ask for consent, you should not help the victim.

answer

False

question

A person has been injured in a bicycle crash. You decide to help. The victim is conscious and appears to be cooperative. You identify yourself and gain the victim's consent. What questions should you initially ask the victim?

answer

Tell me what happened and if you have pain.

question

When would you not want to transport a victim yourself to an emergency-care facility?

answer

When the victim has or may develop a life-threatening condition.

question

Open an unconscious victim's airway by

answer

Pushing down on the forehead with one hand while using the other hand to pull up on the bony part of the jaw, lifting the chin.

question

The ______ pulse may be felt on the inside of the upper arm.

answer

brachial

question

Which of the following conditions are considered life threatening?

answer

Unconsciousness, severe bleeding, difficulty breathing

question

T/F If you find an unconscious victim face-down, rollhim or her face-up.

answer

True

question

You can hold an infant in the recovery position by

answer

Placing the infant face-down on your forearm.

question

An easy way to tell if a victim is conscious and shows signs of life is to

answer

Ask the victim a question

question

Which of the following represents a life-threatening condition?

answer

A conscious victim with persistent chest pain.

question

A victim who can move all body parts without pain or discomfort and has no other signals of injury or illness can be

answer

Encouraged to rest in a comfortable sitting position.

question

When blood flow is directed away from the skin's surface to increase the blood supply to the vital organs, the skin my

answer

look pale, ashen, or bluish and feel cold and moist

question

Which should you see if you are giving rescue breaths correctly?

answer

the victim's chest rise and fall with each breath

question

You are alone with an unconscious victim. You must leave the victim to call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number. What should you do before leaving the victim?

answer

Place the victim in HAINES position.

question

T/F It is important during the head-to-toe examination to have the victim lie completely still, not moving any body parts, so as to avoid further injury.

answer

False

question

An important guideline to follow when giving care for a victim before EMS personnel arrive is to

answer

Do no further harm

question

What are the differences between child rescue breathes and infant rescue breaths?

answer

For an infant, make a complete seal over the infant's mouth and nose.

question

The Check step in the Check-Call-Care is a check for safety and a check for

answer

conscioiusness

question

Under what conditions should you Call before you Care?

answer

A witnessed sudden collapse of a child.

question

How far should you tilt an infant's head back when performing rescue breaths?

answer

Only far enough for the breaths to go in.

question

Begin a head-to-toe examination of a conscious adult by

answer

telling the victim what you're going to do

question

One way to determine if a body part or limb looks unusual is to

answer

A. COMPARE ONE SIDE OF THE BODY TO THE OTHER? B. ASK BYSTANDERS IF THEY WITNESSED THE VICTIM'S FALL?

question

How many rescue breaths should you initially give an unconscious adult who is not breathing due to a cardiac emergency?

answer

None

question

It is important to ask a bystander simple questions about what happened and the victim's condition because

answer

The victim may be unable to describe these things.

question

T/F When performing mouth-to-stoma breathing, you may have to seal the mouth and nose shut.

answer

True

question

Gastric distention may occur from

answer

giving breaths too quickly or too forefully

question

A person with a known medical condition might wear a medical alert bracelet around the wrist. Where else might you find such medical alert information?

answer

Around their neck and in their wallet.

question

How many rescue breaths do you give an infant who is not breathing?

answer

2 breaths after you open the airway.

question

A child requires CPR

answer

if there is no breathing after you check the child's ABC's.

question

You can stop CPR

answer

if the scene becomes unsafe.

question

T/F Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States.

answer

True

question

You may offer a victim a _______ during the early stages of a heart attack.

answer

325 mg asprin

question

The cycle of 30 compressions and 2 breaths in CPR for an infant victim should take

answer

about 18 seconds

question

T/F AEDs equipped with pediatric AED pads are capable of delivering a lower dose of electricity to a victim between 1 and 8 years of age or weighing less than 55 pounds.

answer

True

question

Each minute that CPR and defibrillation are delayed reduces a victim's chance of survival by

answer

10%

question

T/F Do not use a mobile phone or radio within 6 feet of the AED

answer

True

question

CPR performed on an infant should include chest compressions done at the rate of

answer

about 100 per minute

question

You find an unconscious child who shows no signs of breathing. Unfortunately, you are alone. What should you do?

answer

Perform 2 minutes of care, then call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

question

The cycle of compressions to breaths in CPR for an adult victim is

answer

30 compressions for every 2 breaths

question

Nitroglycerin is a medication often prescribed for angina. It works by

answer

dilating blood vessels

question

T/F Compression only CPR is an acceptable method of CPR

answer

True

question

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

answer

Circulates blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs

question

T/F If your hands are correctly positioned for CPR, you should feel the notch at the end of the sternum.

answer

False

question

CPR compressions on an adult are performed using

answer

Two hands on the center of the chest

question

A heart attack usually results from

answer

Coronary heart disease

question

CPR performed on an adult should include chest compressions done at the rate of

answer

about 100 per minute

question

Cardiac arrest is the condition in which

answer

the heart stops beating or beats too ineffectively to circulate blood

question

CPR performed on a child should include chest compressions done at the rate of

answer

about 100 per minute

question

you are performing CPR on an adult victim when you notice that the person shows signs of breathing. How should you continue to care for the victim?

answer

Check to see if the victim is breathing normally and, if so, monitor the victim's airway and breathing

question

Unlike adults, children do not often initially suffer cardiac emergencies. Instead, children

answer

Suffer a respiratory emergency that develops into a cardiac emergency.

question

Which of the following is not an AED precaution? a. A victim's entire body must be dry before applying the AED pads. b. Do not touch the person while the AED is analyzing. c. Do not withhold defibrillation to re-warm a victim suffering from hypothermia. d. If pediatric pads are not available, then you may use the adult sized pads.

answer

a.

question

A middle-aged man was playing tennis when he suddenly felt a pain in his chest. He stopped playing and the pain went away after a short while. Since the man had recently eaten a large meal, he assumed that the pain was just indigestion. What is most likely to have caused the pain?

answer

Angina pectoris

question

T/F Most people who die from a heart attack do so within 2 hours after the first signals appear.

answer

True

question

Atherosclerosis is

answer

The build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of arteries.

question

T/F CPR generates about 70% of the normal blood flow to the brain.

answer

False

question

You are performing CPR on an adult victim at the rate of about 100 compressions per minute, yet you are only able to accomplish about 150 compressions every 2 minutes. Why is this so?

answer

It takes time to give 2 rescue breaths between each group of 30 compressions.

question

Cardiac arrest is life threatening because

answer

vital organs are not receiving oxygen-rich blood

question

A victim who is in cardiac arrest will

answer

Show no signs of breathing

question

You are on the side of a road performing CPR on an adult victim of a car accident. You suddenly notice that there is gasoline accumulating on the road near you and the victim and that the car has started to smoke. If you stop CPR to move the victim, the victim might die. If you do not move the victim, the gasoline might catch fire, threatening both you and the victim. What should you do?

answer

Use the clothes drag to pull the victim to a safer location

question

T/F You must check a victims pulse before you start CPR.

answer

False

question

Pain from a heart attack results from

answer

The heart not getting the oxygen that it needs

question

Which of the following is the correct order of the cardiac chain of survival?

answer

Early recognition and access to the EMS system, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early advance medical care.

question

The most prominent signal of a heart attack is

answer

Persistent chest pain or discomfort that lasts longer than 3-5 minutes

question

The cycle of compressions to breaths in CPR for a child victim is

answer

30 compressions for every 2 breaths

question

You are walking down the street when a young boy collapses in front of you. You come to his aid and discover that he shows no signs of breathing. What should you do?

answer

Ask a bystander to call 9-1-1 while you start CPR

question

T/F It is important to use alcohol to wipe the victim's chest dry.

answer

False

question

For CPR to be most effective, the victim should be

answer

On his or her back on a firm, flat surface

question

CPR compressions on a child are performed using

answer

two hands in the center of the chest

question

Performing CPR on an infant is similar to performing CPR on an adult except that

answer

Compressions are about 1 1/2 inches deep

question

You think that a person might be having a heart attack. The first thing you should do is

answer

A. Transport the person immediately to an emergency medical facility OR B. Have the person lie down and take their pulse.

question

T/F AEDs are unsafe around water, rain, and snow

answer

False

question

A person tells you that he is experiencing severe pain in his chest. You think that he might be having a heart attack, but you want to rule out angina pectoris or some other cause (such as an upset stomach, gas, or muscular strain). What other information might help you decide?

answer

Ask the victim if he has a history of heart disease, ask the victim what they recently had to eat or drink, and ask the victim what he was doing when the pain started.

question

You are unable to properly place your hands to give abdominal thrusts to a conscious adult who is choking because the victim is obese or pregnant. What do you do?

answer

Give 5 chest thrusts.

question

Which cells are very sensitive to a lack of oxygen?

answer

brain cells

question

If a choking victim is unable to cough, speak, or breathe,

answer

Ask the victim to lean forward, allowing you to administer 5 back blows

question

An anatomical obstruction can be caused by

answer

the tongue

question

Rescue breaths should be performed in cases of children an infants suffering

answer

respiratory arrest

question

One signal of respiratory distress in an infant is

answer

Drowsiness

question

When giving care to a conscious coking victim, he or she may become unconscious if the object is not removed. If this happens you should call 9-1-1 and then

answer

Open the victim's mouth and look for an object, removing it if you see it.

question

What may signal respiratory distress?

answer

Tingling in the hands or lips

question

Where do you position the head of a conscious infant who you have determined is choking?

answer

So that the infant's head is lower than his or her chest.

question

You have come upon an accident, have made sure the scene is safe and have approached a conscious child who you have determined is experiencing respiratory distress. What do you immediately know about the victim's condition without the need for further inspection?

answer

The victim's heart is still beating.

question

A severe allergic reaction, such as from a bee sting, s called

answer

anaphylaxis

question

T/F Care for a conscious infant who has an airway obstruction begins with 5 back blows

answer

True

question

How can you best care for a person in respiratory distress until EMS personnel arrive at the scene?

answer

Assist the victim in taking any prescribed medication he or she might have for his or her medical condition, if necessary, and try to keep the victim calm.

question

Shortness of breath, hoarse whistling sound when the person inhales or exhales, shallow breathing, tightness in the chest, and inability to talk without stopping for a breath are signals for

answer

asthma

question

Shortness of breath, difficulty exhaling, restlessness, confusion and weakness are common signals for

answer

emphysema

question

Respiratory distress, if not immediately cared for, can lead to

answer

respiratory arrest

question

What should you do for a person who appears to be choking but can cough forcefully or is wheezing?

answer

Stay with the person and encourage the person to continue coughing/breathing.

question

How should you perform chest compressions on a conscious choking infant?

answer

Hold the infant so the head is lower than the chest, place 2-3 fingers just below the nipple line, give 5 chest compressions about 1.5 inches deep.

question

Brain cells deprived of oxygen begin to die in

answer

4-6 minutes

question

T/F If a child does not have their asthma medication, it is acceptable for the teacher to use a nebulizer belonging to another child in the classroom

answer

False

question

You are performing back blows and chest thrusts on an infant and a small grape pops out of the infant's mouth. The infant is now crying and appears fine. What is the next care you would give?

answer

Call 9-1-1 since the child will need a medical evaluation

question

A condition in which breathing has stopped is called

answer

respiratory arrest

question

A child is eating a piece of candy and appears to start choking on it. You determine that the child is, indeed, choking. What should you do?

answer

Perform cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until the candy is dislodged or the child becomes unconscious.

question

A friend comes into your office and you notice that he looks a little pale and sweaty. Your friend sits down and starts to tell you that he does not feel well. You also notice his voice is abnormal and he appears to be wheezing. What would you do for your friend?

answer

Help him rest in a comfortable position.

question

When giving care to an unconscious infant, you attempt to give 2 rescue breaths but the breaths do not go in.

answer

Re-tilt the head and give another rescue breath.

question

What is the correct order of care for an unconscious adult with an obstructed airway?

answer

Perform 30 chest compressions, open mouth, perform a finger sweet if you see the object, give 2 rescue breaths.

question

What is the best way to care for a child with croup or epiglottitis?

answer

Allow the child to remain in the most comfortable position for breathing.

question

When would you stop performing MODIFIED CPR on a child or infant?

answer

When the rescue breaths cause the chest to clearly rise.

question

T/F You use the same technique for chest compressions during CPR as when giving care for an unconscious victim with an obstructed airway.

answer

True

question

You are alone and performing cycles of 5 back and 5 abdominal thrusts on a conscious child who is choking. The child becomes unconscious after a minute or two. You gently lower the child to the floor. What is the next thing you should do?

answer

Leave the victim in HAINES position while you leave to call 9-1-1.

question

T/F While giving back blows and chest thrusts to a conscious victim with an airway obstruction, it is acceptable to perform a finger sweep if you see the object in the victim's mouth.

answer

False

question

What are signals for severe bleeding?

answer

Excessive thirst or an injured extremity that is pale.

question

One of the major functions of blood is to

answer

Help maintain a constant body temperature

question

T/F Severe bleeding can be either external or internal

answer

True

question

Minor bleeding should be irrigated for about how many minutes?

answer

5

question

Identify the correct order of steps when caring for a victim with severe bleeding.

answer

Apply gloves followed by direct pressure and a pressure bandage over the wound.

question

Minot internal bleeding can be cared for by

answer

applying an ice pack to the injured area to help reduce pain and swelling

question

You are caring for a victim of an automobile accident. The victim is complaining of pain in her abdomen, nausea and extreme thirst. She also has a pulse that is rapid and weak. What might you suspect is happening with this victim?

answer

Internal bleeding

question

You suspect that a victim is bleeding inside his or her abdomen. 9-1-1 has already been dialed. What else can you do to care for this victim before EMS personnel arrive?

answer

Minimize chance of shock.

question

The most effective action you can take to minimize disease transmission when caring for a victim with external bleeding is to

answer

wear disposable gloves while giving care

question

You are caring for a victim who is bleeding from a wound on one arm. You have applied direct pressure to the wound, and placed a pressure bandage on the wound. Unfortunately, the bleeding continues and the pressure bandage is now soaked with blood. What should you do?

answer

Apply an additional pressure bandage to absorb the blood.

question

Bob as a deep cut on his arm that is bleeding profusely. You suspect that he might be bleeding from an artery. What other signals would lead you to believe that Bob is bleeding from an artery?

answer

Blood spurting from the wound bleeding that fails to clot easily and blood that is bright red.

question

T/F You find an adult victim who requires CPR but is also bleeding severely. CPR takes priority over severe bleeding care.

answer

False

question

Life-threatening bleeding includes blood that is spurting from a wound and

answer

bleeding that cannot be controlled.

question

How does the body initially respond to sever bleeding?

answer

The body attempts to maintain an oxygen-rich blood flow to the vital organs.

question

Severe bleeding is life threatening because

answer

Too little oxygen is carried to the vital organs.

question

You want to help a person who is bleeding from a cut on the forehead but you do not have any disposable gloves to wear as a protective barrier. How should you care for the victim?

answer

Have the injured person apply pressure with his or her hands.

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