First Aid MB Req #5 & 4b – Flashcards

Skin is exposed to cold, such that the skin and tissue starts to freeze and crystallize. First the ears, nose, fingers, toes or skin feels painful and then numb. The skin can turn grayish white. Frostbite can extend into the tissues and you can lose the effected area to tissue death!

Get the patient into a warm area. Remove wet clothing, get the injured area in a dry blanket. Rewarm ONLY if not going to freeze again. Do NOT rub the area or the ice crystals will cut into the tissues. Warm the area using 100 to 105 degree water until normal color returns to skin. For frost nip you can put your hands under your armpits or for toes they can warm them against someone's belly.

Bruises - Black and Blue Tissues as blood is leaking into skin tissues. Sprains - occur to ligaments (hold joints together) and usually to an ankle or a wrist. The patient usually twisted an ankle, wrist or knee and they will be painful if moved and show swelling and discoloration. Strains - occur to muscles when they are overstretched. Strains occur to your back if you lift something to heavy, or legs muscles if you run to far or to fast.

Treat a bruise with ice or a refreezable gel pack for 20 minutes at a time. Put a towel between the ice and the bruise. Treat a sprain to an ankle or wrists like it might have been a break and immobilize the joint. You might need to splint it. For both a Ligament Sprain or Muscle Strain - Apply an ice pack for 20 minutes at a time just like a Bruise.

First degree burn is Red and not blistered. A Sun Burn is a first degree burn. A second degree burn is deeper in the tissue and blistering. This could be caused by a hot pan while cooking. A third degree burn is deeper into the tissue and the tissue may be charred. The victim of the 3rd degree burn may not feel any pain. This is caused by: electrical, chemical, and open flames.

For first and second degree burns, get the person away from the source of the burn. Treat with cold water until the pain subsides, dry the burn and treat with a loose sterile gauze pad and bandage. For third degree burn, cool the effected area, do NOT remove clothing, treat for shock and call 911. For a chemical burn, use gloves or a cloth to get the chemical off the patients skin. Treat with cool, clean water. Flush the eyes with water if the chemical got in the eyes. Cover with gauze and loose sterile dressings. Call 911. Electrical burns, shut off the power, cover with cool bandages and treat for shock and call 911.

Stomach hurts. The patient could be hungry. They may have indigestion (food isn't digesting) or they may be constipated (need to take a dump). They could have a stomach bug. Pain can be localized to the right corner if it is appendicitis and they will have a fever. (i.e. Appendix is inflamed)

Hungry - have them eat. Indigestion - take tums. Constipated eat something that makes you take a dump. Stomach bug, throw up and get some rest. Appendicitis - get to the hospital as you will need your appendix taken out.

Rinse mouth with warm water, place a cold, wet pad in the mouth on the injury to minimize swelling. See a dentist and take the chipped tooth with you if you have it.

Pick up the knocked out tooth by the crown (not the root), rinse under cold water or milk. Don't scrape or touch the root and don't allow the tooth to dry. Flush the wound in the mouth with clean water. Apply pressure to stop bleeding. Put the tooth in milk, water or in the patients mouth and get to the dentist ASAP!

The muscle has contracted on it's own and tightened up and won't relax. It can happen to your legs when running, or calves when using fins while scuba diving.

Rest the muscles, gentle massage, and stretching. Also give them a sports during as they may not have enough electrolytes.

A car accident, or fall, or crash could cause these injuries. There may or may not be symptoms. There may or may not be deformities. There could be pain. There may or may not be cuts, bruises, swelling or paralysis (meaning part of their body is paralyzed)

1) Stabilize the head and neck, by having a scout help secure the head and neck steady. 2) Provide urgent treatment only if necessary. 3) Do not move the person unless they are in danger and don't let them move themselves. 4) If the person is having trouble breathing have them only move their head enough to get the airway open. Do NOT give them a Pillow!!!! 5) Treat for shock, but do not uncessarily move the victims position as you may injure the neck or spine. Reduce further complications by: Don't move the patient unless you need to get them out of danger. If you must move them make sure the airway is open and the neck and back and spine are stabilized.