First Aid – Final Exam – Flashcards
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The proper depth of chest compression for an adult victim is:
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2 plus inches
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All of the following are times when you completely stop CPR, except
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Police arrive
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All of the following are signs of a conscious adult choking except: a
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coughing
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This first step in helping a choking adult is
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Ask, "are you choking"?
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The approximate rate of compressions per minute on an adult victim is
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100 compressions per minute
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Describe opening the Airway of an adult victim
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Chin lift - Head Tilt
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Your first step in an emergency is to:
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Recognize need for first aid, and what care to give
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You are caring for a person involved in an accident when that person suddenly becomes uncooperative and threatens to hurt you. What should you do?
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Withdraw and wait for EMS personnel to arrive.
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Which of the following is the most important reason for checking the scene before approaching to help an injured or ill person?
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You might become injured or ill yourself if the scene is unsafe
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You come upon the scene of an accident and you see one person obviously injured with a cut on the forehead. What precautions against disease transmission would you take when caring for the injured person?
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Wear disposable gloves to avoid contact with body fluids
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You are preparing to give care in an emergency situation to a conscious person who has significant bleeding from a wound. Disposable gloves are not available. Which action would be most appropriate?
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Have the person apply pressure with his or her own hand to the wound
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In general, Good Samaritan laws protect
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Willing people who give first aid without accepting anything in return.
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Why is it important not to move a person from the scene unless there is immediate danger?
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Moving a person can lead to further injury and pain.
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Which of the following statements is true concerning Shock and Children?
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...
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Severe bleeding is considered life threatening because:
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Too little oxygen is carried to the vital organs.
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After gloves are put on, what is the correct order of steps when caring for a victim who is bleeding?
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Apply direct pressure on a clean cloth over the wound, and then apply a pressure bandage if needed
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The microscopic vessels that serve to transfer oxygen/carbon dioxide/nutrients from the blood into the cells are called
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Capillaries
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You are caring for a person who was involved in an automobile accident. The woman is complaining of pain in her abdomen and nausea. Her skin appears pale, cool, and clammy, and she is fairly lightheaded. Which of the following would you suspect?
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Internal bleeding
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You are giving care to a person who has been stabbed in his or her leg. The wound is bleeding profusely and you determine that the person is showing signs of shock. You would identify this type of shock as:
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Hypovolemic
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Which type of shock occurs as a result of ventricular fibrillation?
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Cardiogenic
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Which of the following forms of shock is defined as a severe allergic reaction?
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Anaphylactic
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You are caring for a person who is in shock. The person tells you he or she is very thirsty and asks you for something to drink. Which of the following would you give the person?
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Nothing to drink or eat
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You should call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number for a person in shock:
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Whenever signals of shock are present.
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lf a responsive, competent adult refuses your first aid, what should you do?
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Call 9-1-1 and keep talking to the victim.
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Which of the following is a primary goal of first aid?
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Preventing the victim's condition from getting worse
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If a victim is unresponsive, you may assume that they want you to provide first aid. This is known as
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implied consent.
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You have recognized an emergency. What is your next action step?
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Check the scene.
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If you are caught outdoors in a thunderstorm, seek shelter if you hear thunder within
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30 seconds of seeing a lightning strike.
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Standard precautions include
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using personal protective equipment.
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Before calling 9-1-1, you should know
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a. where you are. b. the telephone number you are calling from. c. whether the victim is responsive. *d. All of the above*
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Advantages of the recovery position include which of the following?
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It allows fluids to drain from the mouth.
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During the physical examination, what are you looking for?
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a. Bleeding or wounds b. A swollen area c. Pain upon being touched *d. All of the above*
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What do you do if blood soaks through an existing pressure bandage?
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Put a new bandage on top of the first and maintain pressure.
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Which is a sign or symptom that a pressure bandage is too tight on the arm?
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Cold fingers
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Bleeding from an injured vein
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is generally a steady, even flow.
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Which is fundamental to the definition of shock?
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Not enough oxygen reaching vital organs
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An injured person suffers a puncture wound. You would anticipate that this person is at high risk for which of the following?
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Infection
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An occlusive dressing may be made from which of the following?
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Clean plastic wrap
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The best care to defend against infection for a small abrasion is:
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Using soap and water to clean the wound.
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A chemical burn to the eye should be cared for by:
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Flushing the eye with cool running water until EMS personnel arrive.
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When immobilizing an injury, which of the following is the most important to do?
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Keep the injured area in the position found.
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Which of the following would be an effective method for immobilizing an injured shoulder?
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Holding the forearm against the chest using an arm sling and binder
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You suspect a forearm injury. Which two joints would you immobilize with a splint?
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Elbow and wrist
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A person has an open wound on the scalp that is bleeding. While beginning to apply pressure to the area, you feel a depression. Which action would be most appropriate?
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Apply pressure on the area around the wound.
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A pressure bandage to control bleeding
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should be applied directly over the wound.
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Care for a nosebleed includes
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pinching the nostrils closed up to 10 minutes.
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When treating an open would, the use of hydrogen peroxide or alcohol
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can damage healthy body tissue
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A victim has a screwdriver impaled in her abdomen. What should you do?
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Leave the screwdriver in place and stabilize it with bulky dressings.
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How often should adults have a tetanus booster?
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Every 10 years
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Which of these wounds is likely to need stitches
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A cut longer than 1 inch
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Which of the following is true about burns?
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The level of pain is not an indicator of burn severity.
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Which of the following is the best substance to put on a burn immediately after it has occurred?
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Cool running water
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Using icy water to cool a burn that covers 25% of the body may result in
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hypothermia and shock.
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First aid for a dry chemical burn includes
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brushing off the chemical and then flushing the skin with water.
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Which type of burn damages the dermis, is very painful and often results in blisters?
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Second-degree burn
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If a victim is suffering from smoke inhalation, your first care step should be to
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get the victim to fresh air.
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You find an unresponsive victim at the base of a ladder with his head turned to one side. He is breathing normally. You should
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Call 911, then support the head in the position found.
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Call 911, then support the head in the position found.
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a. To position the victim for CPR b. To drain vomit from the victim's mouth c. To escape an encroaching fire *d. All of the above*
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What is true about swelling in most musculoskeletal injuries?
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Swelling occurs because of internal bleeding in tissues.
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What should not be done to a dislocation?
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Try to move the bone ends back into their normal position in the joint. c
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To assess for circulation in the foot when the victim has an ankle injury
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check the toes for color, temperature and sensation
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When treating bone or joint injuries, the Acronym R.I.C.E. refers to
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Rest, Ice, Compress, and Elevate
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The tearing of a muscle or a tendon is known as a
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strain
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A bruised muscle that may result from a blow is known as a
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sprain
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Which of the following is an example of a soft splint?
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A folded blanket or towel
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Which of the following is an example of an anatomical splint?
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Splinting an arm to the chest
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Always call 9-1-1 for a victim whose iIIness
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occurs suddenly and without explanation.
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First aid for an asthma attack may include
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helping the victim to use an inhaler.
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If you are unsure whether a diabetic is experiencing hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
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give sugar and monitor symptoms
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What group experiences the largest percentage of poisonings?
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Children younger than 6
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Common signs and symptoms of a swallowed poisoning include a
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open container and abdominal cramps.
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The National Poison Control Center telephone number is:
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800-222-1222
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What is the first step in caring for a victim who has inhaled a poison?
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Call the Poison Control Center.
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First aid for a drug overdose is generally the same as first aid for
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poisoning
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The most common substance category involved in poisoning cases is
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analgesics or pain relievers
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Seek immediate medical attention for
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a. a puncture wound from an animal bite. b. a bite to the head or neck. c. a bite wound from an animal that is not your own pet. *d. All of the above*
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The best way to remove a tick embedded in the skin is to
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pull it out with tweezers
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The best way to remove a bee stinger is to
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scrape it away with a piece of plastic.
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When should 9-1-1 be called for a bee sting?
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When the victim has a known allergy
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Which of the following can be transmitted by mosquito bites?
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West Nile virus
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Which of the following can be transmitted by tick bites?
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Lyme disease
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What is the first step in caring for a victim with a mammal bite that is not bleeding severely?
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Clean the wound with large amounts of warm or room-temperature water with or without soap.
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Heat and cold emergencies are more likely to occur in
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a. the elderly. b. people with certain chronic diseases. c. infants. *d. All of the above*
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Frostbite refers to freezing:
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of body tissues
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If medical help is delayed, warm a frostbitten area for 20-30 minutes in
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lukewarm water; 99-104 degrees
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Hypothermia can occur when body temperature drops below
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95 F
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Excess heat is removed from the body when blood vessels
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Near the skin dilate, bringing more warm blood to the surface
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How can you cool down someone who is experiencing heatstroke?
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a. Immerse the victim up to the neck in cold water. b. Spray the victim with cold water. c. Put ice bags or cool packs beside the neck, armpits and groin area. *d. Any of the above *
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What is the first step in caring for a victim with heat exhaustion?
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Move the victim from the heat to rest in a cool place
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A condition in which too much sugar is in the bloodstream is called
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Hyperglycemia
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A condition in which too little sugar is in the bloodstream is called
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Hypoglycemia
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It is important to call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number for any person having a stroke because:
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Many new treatments for stroke are time-sensitive and should be done immediately.
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Stroke, or Brain Attack can be caused by
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A and B
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A person who has ingested a poison should be encouraged to drink fluids such as milk or water
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Whenever the ingested poison is a liquid
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You can help to avoid accidental poisoning by
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keeping products in their original labeled containers and locked up.
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The directions on John's prescription bottle call for him to take one tablet every four hours. Because John is in pain, he decides to take 2 tablets instead. This is an example of drug
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misuse
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