Test Answers on Final Study Guide – Flashcards
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stratus clouds completely cover the ___ most of the time.
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sky
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most abundant elements in earths crust
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silicon and oxygen
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sharing of electrons is
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covalent
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a chemical element is a substance made up by atoms, all of which have the same:
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number of protons
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an example of a nonferromagneisian silicate mineral is
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quartz
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the ratio of a minerals weight to the weight of a equal volume of water is its
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gravity
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chemical elements having 8 electrons in their outermost electron shell are the
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Nobel gases
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the atomic number of an element is determined by
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number of protons
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to which of the following groups do most minerals in the earths crust belong
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silicates
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when an atom gains or loses an electron, it becomes:
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ion
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which of the fundamental forces is not involved in the structure of an atom
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gravity
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these minerals have good cleavage
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carbonates
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anions are ____ charged because they have ____ electrons
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negatively, gained
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after silicates, the most important rock-forming mineral is
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carbonates
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lacks good cleavage
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quartz
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density of minerals refers to
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weight per unit volume and weight relativity to water
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the single most abundant mineral on earth
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quartz
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this gem mineral is an oxide mineral of aluminum
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sapphire
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which is a phyllosilicate
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clay minerals
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calcite will scratch glass : true or false
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true
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most gem minerals belong to this group (except for diamonds)
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silicates, oxides
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bonding in minerals is mostly
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ionic
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the two most abundant elements in the earths crust
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oxygen, silicon
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the charged atoms that make up most crystal structures
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ions
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minerals are classified on the basis of
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their negatively charged atoms (anions)
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_________ are examples of sheet silicates
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mica and clay minerals
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the tendency of minerals to break along smooth plans
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cleavage
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most common single mineral on earth
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quartz
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all minerals are crystalline means
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all minerals have a orderly internal atomic structure
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these minerals are often water-soluble
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halides
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cations are _________ charged because they have blank _____ electrons
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positively, lost
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this gem mineral is an oxide of aluminum
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ruby
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this mineral is the same as ordinary rust and is the principle ore of iron
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hematite
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these minerals are among the leading contributors to acid rain
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sulfides
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why is pyrite not the major ore of iron
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there are other ores that are better sources of iron
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the property that causes salt to come out of salt shakers as tiny cubes
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cleavage
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which is not a pyhllosilicate
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pyroxene
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you can identify minerals by seeing if they scratch glass : True or False
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true
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most minerals belong to the following groups
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sulfides,oxides
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minerals are solids processing an orderly internal arrangement of atoms meaning that they are
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crystalline
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the silicon atom has a positive charge of 4, and oxygen has a negative charge of 2. The ion group (SiO4) has a:
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negative charge of 4
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calcite and dolomite are
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carbonate minerals
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hardness refers to
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resistance to scratch
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the property that makes gold panning possible
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density
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dense, metallic in luster, often have cubic crystals
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sulfides
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have good cleavage and fizz in acid
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carbonates
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light in color and weight, good cleavage, and often water-soluble
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halides
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mica
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sheet silicates
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quartz
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can scratch glass
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calcite
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dissolves in acid
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oceans cover approximately how much of the earth
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70
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the continents cover approximately how much of the earth
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30
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energy that drives ocean currents
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wind
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the carioles effect
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is caused by earths rotation
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the daily tidal wave is least during the _____ tide
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neap
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essay question: list 5 things that cause continental drift
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gps, puzzle pieces, mountains, ring of fire, fossils
