Final Study Guide Test Questions – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| What is chemistry |
answer
| The study of composition of matter and the change it over goes |
question
| What is the SI unit of energy |
answer
| Joules |
question
| What is a physical change |
answer
| An alteration of a substance that does not change what the substance is changes what it looks like |
question
| What is an atom |
answer
| the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element. |
question
| What is an atomic number |
answer
| The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element ----blue number |
question
| What is an isotope |
answer
| Atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass due to different numbers of neurons. |
question
| What is an alpha particle |
answer
| a positively charged particle emitted from certain radioactive nuclei. It consists of two protons - two neutrons and is identical to the nucleus a helium atom |
question
| What is nuclear FISSON |
answer
| The splitting or nucleuis into smaller fragments |
question
| What is nuclear FUSION |
answer
| occurs when nuclear combine to produce a nucleus or greater mass. |
question
| What are the units for frequency |
answer
| 1/5 ovs - also hertz (HZ) |
question
| Who explained the photoelectric effect and what is the photoelectric effect. |
answer
| Albert Einstein - The photoelectric effect is when metals effect electrons called photo electrons when light shines on them |
question
| What is the ground state? What is the excited state |
answer
| Ground state - the lone electron of a hydrogen atom in its lowest energy level. Excited state Lone electron of a hydrogen atom at its highest energy Excited steak - never mind |
question
| Who should be created (killed) for creating the Periodic table of elements |
answer
| Dimitri Mendeleev - a typical russion chemist with too much time on his hands during a cold winter. |
question
| What are the group names of the following groups on the periodic table |
answer
| Group 1 - alkali metals Group 2 - alkaline earth metals groups 3-12 --- transition metals group 17 --- halogens group 18 - noble gases |
question
| Which subatomic particle is responsible for the properties of and element? |
answer
| Electrons - the electrons take place in bonding b/c they are not in the necleus |
question
| What happens when an atom loses electrons ? when an atom gains electrons. |
answer
| loses electrons - becomes negative- cation gains electrons - becomes positive - anion |
question
| What is alloy ---example please |
answer
| A partial or complete solid solution. check this one Dictionary says - a mixing of two or more metals to add better hardness - example brass is an alloy of copper and zinc - copper is used as alloy to make gold coins |
question
| How many atoms do the following groups gain/lose when they become ions> |
answer
| Group 1 - lose one electron = +1 Group 2 - lose two electron = +2 group 13 - lose three + +3 group 15 - gains 3 electrons = -3 group 16 - gains 2 electrons = -2 group 17 - gains 1 = -1 |
question
| What is the octet rule |
answer
| atoms react by gaining or losing electrons so as to acquire the stable electron structure or a noble gas ---- usually eight valance electrons |
question
| What suffix is included on all monatomic anions |
answer
| always ide from an element |
question
| How many electrons are shared in a single bond --- double bond ----triple bond |
answer
| single 2 double 4 triple 6 |
question
| What are the electronegativity difference ranges for nonpolar bonds? For polar bonds? for ionic bonds |
answer
| nonpolar covalent 0.0 - 0.4 polar - .5 - 2.0 ionic > than 2.0 |
question
| What are the five common molecule shapes and how do you identify them? What are their bond angles? |
answer
question
| What is a polar bond |
answer
| a bond formed when 2 different atoms are joined by a covalent bond and the bonding electrons are shared equally |
question
| What is a dipole |
answer
| A molecule that has two electrically charged regions or poles |
question
| She study guide for question 27 |
answer
question
| what is the density formula |
answer
| density = mass/volume (mass over volume) |
question
| What are the steps of scientific method |
answer
| observation - hypothesis - experiment - theory |
question
| What is scientific law |
answer
| a concise statement that summarizes the results of mans observations and experiments |
question
| What is a theory |
answer
| a thoroughly tested model that explains when experiments give certain results |
question
| What are the rules for significant figures when multiplying/dividing? When adding/ subtracting |
answer
| You choose or simplify to the least decimal |
question
| What is absolute zero |
answer
| the zero point on the Kelvin scale equivalent to -273 degree Celsius. All molecular motion theoretically stops at this temp. |
question
| What is an element |
answer
| a substance that cannot be changed into a simpler substance under normal laboratory conditions. |
question
| What is a compound |
answer
| A substance that can be changed into simpler substances only by chemical reactions |
question
| what are the postulates of Dalton's theory of matter - fascinating |
answer
| 1. all atoms are composed of tiny invisible particles called atoms. 2. Atoms of the same elements are identical -- different from other elements 3. atoms of different elements can physically mix together or chemically combine 4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined or realigned. |
question
| What is the mass number of an element |
answer
| The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. decimal points is an average |
question
| What are parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in order from lowest frequency/lowest energy to highest frequency/ highest energy |
answer
| Radio waves | microwaves| infrared| Roxobiv visible| ultra violet| x-rays | Gamma rays Starts lowest ends with highest |
question
| What are the quanta of light called |
answer
| PHOTON not to be confused with futons low frequency -low energy -high wavelength and high frequency - high energy - low wavelengths |
question
| What are the three rules that govern electron configurations? |
answer
| 1. Alpha beta principle - electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first 2. Pauli (?) exclusion principle - an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons 3. Hand's rule - when electrons occupy orbital of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contains one electron with a parallel spin |
question
| What are the rows of the periodic table called? the columns? |
answer
| rows - preiods --- columns - groups |
question
| what are valence electrons |
answer
| an electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom |
question
| What is ionization energy |
answer
| the energy required to remove on electron from a gasest atom |
question
| what is an ionic bond |
answer
| a bond in which two atoms share a pari of electrons |
question
| Fill in the blank |
answer
| Covalent bonds occur between NON METAL AND NON METAL. Ionic bonds occur between NON METALS AND METALS |
question
| What is the VSEPR theory |
answer
| valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory: because electron pairs repel molecules adjust their shapes so that valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible. |
question
| What are the states of matter and how are they characterized |
answer
| gas - composed of particles solid - has definite shape and volume liquid- flows fixed volume |
question
| what is a heterogeneous mixture |
answer
| Dad in a pink Ralph Lauren Polo and Levi's Components are not readily distinguished but you can see the parts |
question
| what value is an element's identify based upon |
answer
| Atomic number (number of protons) |
question
| What is a beta particle |
answer
| FaST -- ?????? ELECTRON EMITTED FROM CERTAIN RADIO ACTIVE NUCLEI. IT IS FORMED WHEN A NEUTRON DECOMPOSES INTO A PROTON AND AN ELECTRON |
question
| what is the dual nature of light |
answer
| Light can be made as a wave or a particle |
question
| wHAT IS AN ORBITAL Really question 53 |
answer
| space around nucleus where electrons are probatiter????? |
question
| What is atomic radius |
answer
| one half the distance between the nuclei in a molecule consisting of identical atoms |
question
| Give some properties of ionic compounds |
answer
| 1. Composed of metal cations and non metal anions 2. electrically neutral 3. usually solid crystals at room temp 4. melt at high temperatures |
question
| What determines the polarity of a bond |
answer
| If the bond is covalent and if electrons are shared unequally |
question
| what determines the polarity of a molecule |
answer
| The shape of the molecule and the polarity of the bond |
question
| what is a chemical change |
answer
| an irreversible change that makes or breaks a chemical into a new one |
question
| What us the SI unit of temperature |
answer
| Kelvin |
question
| What is a physical property |
answer
| 1. Must be seen 2. Honey Child's presents on the dining room carpet 3. a quality of a substance that can be observed or measured with out changing the substances chemical composition |
question
| What is a HOMOGENEOUS mixture Not to be confused with Hetrogeneous earlier question |
answer
| You can not see the parts. AKA - President Bush just seems like a bunch of nothing. A mixture that is not uniform in composition the components are not readily distinguished. |
question
| Next question see study guide number 62 What are the three subatomic particles? Give their charges, mass and their location in the atom. |
answer
question
| What is half life Question 65 can't read the answer |
answer
| the time required for one half of the atom or a radioistope to |
question
| What are the four properties by which waves are measured Question 64 |
answer
| 1. wave length - how long and steep 2. Speed - how fast it is going 3. Amplitude - the up and down extent of the vibrations of an electronic wave 4. Frequency - the umber of cycles in the wave |
question
| What is quantum |
answer
| the amount of energy needed to move an electron form its present energy level to the next higher one. |
question
| What is periodic law |
answer
| 1. when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, this creates repetition. 2. the front door will close if the dogs bark to much! But what is too much. Sorry wrong class I was thinking philosophy |
question
| What is malleability |
answer
| 1. the speed which a physical property can move around the Mall. 2. A MATERIALS ABILITIES TO DEFORM UNDER COMPRESSIVE ENERGY |
question
| What is electronegativity |
answer
| 1. Conversations with Aggie 2. a property of an atom that describes the ability to attract electrons. |
question
| What is a periodic trend for atomic radius |
answer
| one half of the distance between the nuclei for two atoms in a ??????? molecule Question 69 |
question
| Compare/contrast single, double, and triple bonds in terms of bond length and strength. |
answer
| single is smallest, the double and triple are the strongest. |
question
| Who came up with the Plum Pudding model of the atom? Should like I made up this question |
answer
| Julia Child? NO it was JJ Thornson |
question
| Who came up with the Planetary model of the atom |
answer
| Bohr Model not to be confused with BORN shoes available at VON Maur |
question
| Who wont the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics |
answer
| Aggie Antoine Henre Becauevel and Pierre and? Mariecurie |
question
| Who won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry |
answer
| Limus Pauling (not sure on spelling) |
question
| Questions 75 - 76 - 77 - 78 - 79 are all on the study guide. |
answer
| Hopes this helps and made studying more fun. |
