Final questions – Flashcards
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Which of the following applies to the corpus luteum
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It secretes estrogen and progesterone during the last half of the menstrual cycle
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Why does severe pain occur with each menstrual cycle in endometriosis
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Inflammation around ectopic endometrial tissue
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With pelvic inflammatory disease, why does infection spread easily into the peritoneal cavity
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The Fallopian tubes are obstructed and purulent exudate cannot drain into the uterus
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Which of the following is a common complication of leiomyomas
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Abnormal bleeding such as menorrhagia
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Which is considered to be the stage of carcinoma in situ in cervical cancer
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Noninvasive severe dysplasia
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What is a major predisposing factor to cervical cancer
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Infection with HPV
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What is a significant early sign of endometrial carcinoma
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Minor vaginal bleeding or spotting
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What is/are sexually transmitted infections usually considered asymptomatic in women
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Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis
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Which of the following frequently causes PID and subsequent infertility
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Chlamydia
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Which of the following causes inflammation of the vagina with a copious yellow discharge and foul odor
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Trichomoniasis
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What is the cause of syphilis
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An anaerobic spirochete
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Which of the following infections may be transmitted from the mother to the fetus during delivery
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Gonorrhea Chlamydia Herpes simplex Syphilis
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Which of the following STDs is considered to be a systemic infection
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Syphilis
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Which term refers to bleeding between menstrual periods
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Metrorrhagia
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Painful menstruation is called
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Dysmenorrhea
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Vaginal candidiasis is frequently predisposed by
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Systemic antibacterial therapy
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A chancre is best described as
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A firm painless ulcerated nodule
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Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis because
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Vague signs and hidden location lead to late diagnosis
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Specific genetic links have been shown for
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Testicular cancer Breast cancer Prostatic cancer
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In which cancers has there been a recent significant increase in incidence
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Cervical cancer in situ
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Infertility in women may result from
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Endometriosis and hormonal imbalances
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Which of the following refers to fibrocystic breast disease
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Progressive development of fluid filled cysts and fibrous tissue
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Which of the following applies to carcinoma of the breast
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Tumor cells may demonstrate estrogen receptors on the membrane
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Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation may be used in cases of breast cancer in order to
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Destroy any micro metastases
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Most common location of implantation of ectopic pregnancy is
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Fallopian tubes
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Excessive menstrual bleeding is also called
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Menorrhagia
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Pregnancy outside the uterus is known as
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Ectopic
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The screening test for cervical cancer is
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Pap smear
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Which of the following means "one cell type is replaced by another cell type"
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Metaplasia
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Which of the following mean "precancerous cell changes"
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Dysplasia
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Which of the following pathology is linked with the following information: high incidence in developing countries, abnormal vaginal bleeding, malodorus discharge, post coital bleeding, renal failure
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Cervical cancer
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Which of the following pathology will be suspected in a woman that has just started getting her periods: menstrual irregularities, oligomenorrhea, infrequent menstrual cycles, hirsutism
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PCOS Polycystic ovarian syndrome
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Loss of more than 80 ml of blood per period is known as
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Menorrhagia
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Painful menses is known as
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Dysmenorrhea
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Intervals of more than 35 days between periods is known as
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Oligomenorrhea
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Blank is the most common genital tract infection which could be bacterial following delivery or miscarriage
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Endometritis
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Blank is a pathology in which the functioning glands and Stroma are located outside the uterus most commonly caused due to reverse menses through Fallopian tubes
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Endometriosis
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Blank is suspected in a women that has had a prolonged estrogen stimulation, complains of menorrhagia and post menopausal bleeding, is obese and had never had kids
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Endometrial hyperplasia
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Blank is the benign smooth muscle tumor linked and commonly known as fibroids
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Leiomyoma
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Blank is the most common cause of female infertility and ectopic pregnancy most often caused due to N. Gonorrhea infection
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Pelvic inflammatory disease
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The following clinical signs are linked with which of the following- fever, lower abdominal pain, uterine tenderness on pelvic examination, mucopurulent discharge, abnormal uterine bleeding
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Pelvic inflammatory disease
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Most common sit of metastasis for endometrial carcinoma is
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Lungs
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What would be suspected with the patient that presents with sudden onset lower abdominal pain and tenderness 6 weeks after the previous menstrual period, adnexal tenderness, abnormal uterine bleeding
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Ectopic pregnancy
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Blank is an estrogen sensitive benign tumor that may enlarge during pregnancy and usually presents with menorrhagia, cramping during menses, constipation due to pressure on the colon, incontinence
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Leiomyoma
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Breast cancer is most commonly located in which of the following quadrants of the left breast
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LUQ
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Blank is responsible for stimulation of lactogenesis
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Prolactin
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Blank is released by suckling reflex and causes expulsion of milk into ducts
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Oxytocin
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Blank stimulates ductal growth
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Estrogen
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In most cases of breast cancer if the tumor is located in the inner quadrant then the most common lymph nodes it could drain into would be
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Internal mammary
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Most common painful breast masses in women younger than 50 years old, which of the following would not be suspected
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Breast cancer
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Blank is a type of fibrocystic change that vary in size with menstrual cycle, has no malignant potential and usually guild filled
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Cysts
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Most benign common breast tumor diagnosed in women younger than 35 years old that increases in size during pregnancy
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Fibroadenoma
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Blank is a benign breast tumor that may spontaneously disappear during menopause and is also commonly associated with women taking cyclosporine (immunosuppressant) post renal transplant
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Fibroadenoma
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Which of the following is not associated with breast cancer
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HER 2
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Which of the following is not a risk factor associated with breast cancer
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Breast feeding
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Which of the following could be suspected if the patient presents with the following: painless mass in the upper outer quadrant of the breast, skin or nipple retraction and painless axillary lymphadenopathy
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Breast cancer
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Which of the following is not true about mammography
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Distinguishes between benign and malignant lesions
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A patient lying of the side with the right side up is in the blank position
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Left lateral decubitus
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Which one of the following patient preparations is required before an abdominal ultrasound examination
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Take nothing by mouth for 6-8 hours before the exam
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Which of the following patient positions are the best for a majority of breast ultrasound examination
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Supine lateral
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T10
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No Kidney
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T11
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Left kidney
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T12
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Right and left kidney
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L1
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Crus of diaphragm
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L2
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Pancreas Common bile duct
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L3
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Parietal peritoneum Greater Omentum Hepatocolic ligament
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L3 Disk
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No kidneys Has ureter
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Sacrum
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External iliac vein and artery
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Midline Sagittal section of the abdomen
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Corpus cavernosum penis Symphysis pubis
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Sagittal section of the abdomen taken along the RIGHT abdominal border
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Latissimus Dorsi muscle Right lobe of liver
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Sagittal section of the abdomen along the LEFT abdominal border
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Heart Fundus of stomach
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Sagittal section of the abdomen 3 cm right from the midline
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Scrotum Pyloric Antrum
