Final Exam 2 – Flashcards
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Unlock answers| Which of the following is not a characteristic sign of inflammation? |
Fever |
Which of the following choices describes the order in which immune cells arrive at a recently inflamed area? |
| Neutrophils then monocytes |
| Which of the following granulocytes demonstrates the highest phagocytic activity? |
Neutrophils |
| Which of the following statements best describes interferons? |
| Alpha interferon is an antiviral cytokine |
Which of the following is normally found in serum? |
| Complement |
| Which of the following is an effect of opsonization? |
a. Increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms b. Increased adherence of phagocytes to antigens e. Both a and b |
Normal microbiota provide protection from infection by all of the following ways except? |
| They produce lysozyme |
The phases of phagocytosis are _________.? |
| chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion |
Which of the following is not a function associated with complement activation? |
| inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes |
| Which of the following is not true about macrophages? |
| They develop from neutrophils |
Why has the Natural killer cell in the figure above been activated? |
| Target cell no longer expresses MHCI |
| Phagocytes with defective lysosomes are unable to |
| Produce toxic digestive enzymes |
Which of the following recognizes antigens on antigen presenting cells expressing MHCII? |
| T-helper cells |
________________are the sites where T and B cells can encounter dendritic cells and become activated. |
| Peripheral lymph nodes |
| The transfer of antibodies in breast milk is a good example of |
| Naturally acquired passive immunity. |
| A vaccination is a good example of … |
| Artificially acquired active immunity |
| All of the following are true about natural killer cells (NKs) except? |
| They are stimulated by antigen |
| Lectin binds to certain ______________to begin the activation of the MBL complement pathway? |
carbohydrates |
| Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHCII) are found on all of the following types of cells except |
T cells. |
| Using figure 2, why is the amount of antibody in (A) primary response to antigen smaller than the amount of antibody in (D) second exposure to an antigen? |
the second exposure to the same Ag stimulates the memory cells formed at the time of initial exposure to rapidly produce a large amount of Ab |
Using figure 2. What class of antibody is represented by the immune response in (B)? |
| IgM |
| What class of antibody is secreted second in an immune response to an antigen (C)? |
| IgG |
| In figure 3 above which area is similar for all IgG antibodies? |
| C and D; the two long bottom ones |
| In figure 3 above which areas are different for all IgM antibodies? |
| a and b; the two top on the same side |
| In figure 3 above which areas represent antigen binding sites? |
| a and b; two top next to eachother |
In figure 3 above what can attach and activate a host immune cell? |
| e |
What class of antibody is the most abundant in serum? |
| IgG |
| Which of the following prevents some bacteria from adhering to mucosal surfaces? |
IgA |
| Tears and sweat protect the host by |
| flushing and the defensin lysozyme. |
| You were trying to determine if a patient was infected with Salmonella from a fecal sample which type of ELISA,(Enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assay) would you use? |
| Direct |
The main role for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is to |
| kill host cells that have intracellular infections |
| How is the diversity in antibody production achieved by Bcells? |
DNA recombination and rearrangements lead to millions of different antibodies |
Once an antibody has bound antigen, the mechanisms activated to get rid of the antigen depend on the class of the molecule. How many major antibody classes are found in humans? |
| 5 |
| What is the antigen in the home pregnancy test? |
| human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) |
The pool of T and B cells do not contain cells that are harmfully reactive against host tissue, or self. These are usually eliminated at the immature lymphocyte stage by the process of __________. |
| clonal deletion |
Cytokines released by CD4 (TH2) cells…. |
Activate B cells to become plasma cells |
Which of the following can be true about a patient that shows a positive ELISA for antibodies to measles virus except? |
| The patient was near someone that has antibodies to measles |
| The humoral immune response differs from the cell-mediated immune response in that only in the humoral immune response is there |
| secretion of antibody. |
| Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of |
| CD8 |
| Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of TOLL receptors include |
a. lipopolysaccharide. e. both a and b |
The “T” in the name T cells is because |
| T cells develop in the thymus |
What two cells types are fused together during the production of monoclonal antibodies? |
| B cells and myeloma cells |
| Which of the following pathways for complement activation is generally dependent upon the formation of antigen-antibody complexes? |
| the classical pathway |
During monoclonal antibody production, what is the name of the new cell type that is formed from the fusion of two different cells? |
Hybridoma cell |
| Lymphocytes are comprised of which of the following cell types? |
| a. T cells b. B cells c. natural killer cells d. all of the choices |
| The antigen binding domain of antibody molecules |
A. is the same for all the antibodies produced by a single Bcell clone. E. Both A & B |
| Consistent removal of normal microbiota either by repeated washing with antibacterial agents can result in? |
increased susceptibility to disease |
| Opsonizing antibodies must be against __________ molecules if they are to effectively stimulate phagocytosis. |
| surface |
| Class I major histocompatibility complex molecules are found on ____________ cells. |
| all nucleated |
