FINAL-Biology-Ch14 – Flashcards
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1. The classification level in which classes with similar characteristics are grouped is called a(n) ______ .
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taxonomy
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2. When taxonomists give varying subjective degrees of importance to characters they are applying ________.
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evolutionary systematic
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3. Reconstructing phylogenies by inferring relationships based on similarities derived from a common ancestor without considering the "strength" of a character is called________ .
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???
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4. The evolutionary history of a species is its ______________.
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tree
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5. Orders with common properties are combined into a(n) _______________.
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Class
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6. Similar families are combined into a(n)_______________ .
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Order
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7. The classification level in which similar genera are grouped is called a(n)______
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Family
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8. A similar feature that evolved through convergent evolution is called a(n) _______________.
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Phylum
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9. In ________ organisms evolve similar features independently often because they live in similar habitats.
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Phylogeny
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10. A(n) ________is a branching diagram used to show evolutionary relationships in groups of shared derived characters.
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Phylogenetic tree
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11. The most general level of classification is ________.
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Domain
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12. A(n) ____________ is a taxonomic category containing similar species.
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Genus
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13. Linnaeus developed a system for naming and classifying organisms which is called _________.
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Binomial nomenclature
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14. A(n)________________ is a group of interbreeding or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
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Biological species
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15. Unique characteristics used in cladistics are called_________________.
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Dervived character
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16. The two-word system for naming organisms is called _______________
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Binomial nomenclature
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17. A(n)_______________ contains many phyla.
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Kingdom
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18. In evolutionary systematics, evolutionary relationships are displayed in a branching diagram called a ________________.
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Cladogram
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_____1. In one of the earliest classification systems, Aristotle grouped plants and animals according to
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b. structural similarities.
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______ 2. Although Linnaeus used the Latin polynomial system in his books he created his own
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d. two-word shorthand system also in Latin.
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______ 3. Scientists classify organisms by studying their forms and
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a. structures.
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______ 4. Cladograms determine evolutionary relationships between organisms
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?
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______ 5. All members of the kingdom Animalia are multicellular
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?
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______ 6. Biological species, as defined by Ernst Mayr, a. are closely related. b. are interbreeding natural populations. c. produce infertile offspring. d. produce infertile hybrids.
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?
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______ 7. The characteristics that scientists use in cladistics are
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b. shared derived characters.
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______ 8. Bird wings and insect wings are a. homologous traits. c. analogous traits. b. derived traits. d. phylogenetic traits.
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?
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______ 9. The biological species concept cannot be applied to a. species that can produce fertile hybrids. b. all bacteria. c. species that reproduce asexually. d. All of the above
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?
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______10. Scientific names
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b. include the genus and family.
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______11. Which of the following lists the eight classification levels in proper descending order?
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a. domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species
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______12. The scientific naming system requires all of the following EXCEPT that binomial nomenclature, 13. The naming system developed by Linnaeus is called ______________________
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b. the genus is to be capitalized.
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14. One genus can include several___________________
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species
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15. Ernst Mayr developed the concept that a(n)_______ is reproductively isolated from other groups.
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biological species
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16.When_______________ are incomplete closely related species can produce hybrids.
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Cladistics
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17. The biological species concept works best for most members of the king____________
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Ancestral character
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18. Similar features in organisms that do not share a recent common ancestor are called_________ .
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Dervived character
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19. Scientists use evidence of ____________ characters to reconstruct evolutionary history.
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convergant evolution
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20. The evolutionary history of a species is called its __________.
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phylogeny
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21. Explain the difference between homologous characters and analogous characters. Give an example of each.
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