question

When is an idea considered to be scientifically proven?

answer

Never

question

Which of the following is not a question that could be addressed by science?

answer

Is it right to use addictive substances as pain relievers in humans.

question

Science

answer

Is not a question of morals

question

Which of the following would cause a scientific idea to be rejectef?

answer

If a preponderance of evidence supports a contrary idea.

question

Which of the following best demonstrates behaving scientifically?

answer

A chemist asks a geologist her opinion on recent findings about the Silicon content of rocks found in dormant volcano.

question

In order to determine if mutations can be passed from parent to offspring some scientists want to induce mutations in parents and then examine their children to see if those mutations have been ibherited. Controversy about their methods would be considered ?

answer

A conflict over ethicality of methods.

question

systematic error

answer

descibes a bias or uncertainty

question

statistical error

answer

random error refers to the inherent variability of a measurement.

question

If an idea is testable, which of the following would be true? Mark all that apply.

answer

It could possibly fall in the realm of science. It would generate specific expectations.

question

Why is being part of a community important to science?

answer

Science is a discovery of anything that is natural.it is important to be a part of a community since research is always being done. A researcher will look for what has been done first and then look for their own answers by asking more questions and testing each outcome. Then they ask other scientists to work on it and verify their research and results. They will also do their own testing. It is important so that the outcome will be based on fact.

question

What is science?

answer

It's a way of analyzing and examining items to see how they work, a way of testing and experimenting with things that may be predictable in nature. Many things are scientific. It's through testing each little thing to see what the outcome will be

question

why is Intelligent design neither science or religion?

answer

Intelligent Design is more the supernatural and is not defined as science. The science checklist tells us that we cannot define God. But in reviewing we find that Intelligent Design doesn't have anything to test against because science cannot define it. Religion is defined as a faith or belief in a higher power which also makes Intelligent Design different than religion because it can be the higher power.

question

How are the circle bugs able to follow the line?

answer

the ink has a smell to it

question

How did you verify your answer to the question about circle bugs?

answer

I watched the video and was thinking about it. The answer I came up with was the same as Dr. Merrill's. The sharpie would dry faster than the ink.

question

When an advertisement makes a claim such as "scientifically proved" which of the following would be appropriate responses? Mark all that apply.

answer

Ask, "What is the source?" Ask, What is the evidence?"

question

When evaluating a claim, which of the following is the least important question you should ask?

answer

Is the claim possible?

question

Ice core samples over the last 160,000 years definitively prove that when carbon dioxide levels increase temperatures also increase. Based on this scientific evidence we can conclude that increasing carbon dioxide levels cause increasing temperatures.

answer

False

question

Scientific messages portrayed by media outlets are often misleading or incomplete. Which of the following is not a reason why you should look closely at the source of the information?

answer

They may be trying to simplify complex research.

question

Which of the following is the most reliable source of good information on fitness?

answer

The journal of strength and fitness.

question

Balanced reporting is important in journalism?

answer

True

question

When there is a disagreement on the evidence, it is important to give equal weight to all sides?

answer

False

question

Why is it important to evaluate an expert's credentials when weighing their opinion on a specific topic?

answer

Expertise in one field doesn't necessarily translate to expertise in another field.

question

A disagreement between scientists about how quickly mutations can occur would represent which type of conflict?

answer

Secondary scientific controversy

question

In order to determine if mutations can be passed from parent to offspring some scientists want to induce mutations in parents and then examine their children to see if those mutations have been inherited. Controversy about their methods would be considered ___________.

answer

a conflict over ethicality of methods.

question

There have been multiple ideas and conflicts that have stemmed from the climate change debate. Some groups believe that we should stop burning fossil fuels, others that we should shut down concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and others believe that we should continue doing what we are doing, but research ways to effectively reduce our carbon footprint. These types of conflicts would be considered __________.

answer

conflicts over applications

question

Why is it important to understand the difference between a primary and secondary scientific conflict? Choose all that apply.

answer

Primary conflicts involve the foundation of other ideas. If the foundation is wrong then it would affect the other ideas based on that central idea. Someone might try to use a secondary conflict as a way to argue that the fundamental idea is also doubted by scientists.

question

You are planning your annual spring break beach vacation and you still have a few months to get "swimsuit" ready. On January 19, 2013 an article in the "U.S. News and World Report" ranked the DASH diet number one overall. You want to lose a few pounds so what should you do? Rank these options from best to worst. (1=best; 4=worst) 1-Evaluate consumer reviews on the DASH diet. 2-Look at the American Heart Association website for information. 3-Look for peer reviewed articles on the effectiveness of the DASH diet. 4- Google how to do the DASH diet and get started! (You don't have any time to waste)

answer

3,2,1,4

question

When deciding when/if you should have a prostate exam (males) or mammogram (women) which of the following sources would be the least biased?

answer

National Institute of Health (NIH) or Center for Disease Control (CDC)

question

Which of the following would be good questions to ask when evaluating scientific evidence? Choose all that apply

answer

Is the evidence reproducible? What is the opinion of other experts in the field? What was the sample size? Does the data suggest correlation or causation?

question

A study was conducted involving 50 white males between the ages of 45-70 who had been admitted to the hospital for a heart attack. They did a blood lipid profile on the participants and found that 70% of them had HDL (a type of cholesterol) levels above 55mg/dl. Which of the following would be a poor next step?

answer

Recommend that white males age 45-70 should decrease HDL levels.

question

There is compelling evidence that foods rich in vitamins, such as beta carotene, decrease the risk of developing cancer. Therefore a good recommendation would be to take vitamins containing beta carotene to decrease the risk of cancer.

answer

False

question

Kraft food wants to test whether their new boxed macaroni and cheese tastes better than Western Family or other generic brands. They hire you to conduct the study here at BYU-Idaho since so much macaroni and cheese is consumed here. You prepare the various brands of macaroni using the same methods and ingredients (milk, butter, etc) and ensure that all samples of macaroni are served at the same temperature. You set up a table in the MC and have samples for 1000 students to taste, labeled Kraft and Western Family, etc. You make sure that none of the students have eaten in the last three hours and then assign them to a group based on chance. After tasting the samples, you have the students rate the macaroni on a scale from one to ten. They do this based on taste, texture, and visual appeal. Which of the following is the biggest problem with this experiment

answer

They allowed the results to be biased.

question

The role of statistics in science is to quantify variability and measure the probability of observing a specific result.

answer

true

question

Smoking cigarettes has been linked to cancer. Which of the following statements is true?

answer

Smoking cigarettes increases your odds of developing lung cancer. If you smoke cigarettes your risk of developing lung cancer increases by 20 times. *** Both A ; B are true but B is a more precise statement.

question

If a variable cannot be removed during an experiment (such as rainfall variations on crop growth) how can researchers know if that variable is causing the observed effect or if the thing they are studying (such as fertilizer) is causing the effect.

answer

use control groups

question

One of the benefits of using descriptive statistics is that it enables you to identify differences between the study participants and other groups.

answer

True

question

What does it mean when a researcher states that that an observed effect or difference is significant with a confidence level of 99%?

answer

That the observed effect is very unlikely to be the result of chance.

question

How can statistics be used in data analysis? Choose all that apply.

answer

to identify and qualify relationships to measure uncertainty to identify trends to decieve or mislead

question

Why is it important to control variables when conducting research?

answer

To determine the relationship between a specific variable and an observed effect.

question

Briefly describe and give your analysis of the study technique(s) that you researched and your evaluation of the evidence to support that technique. Be sure to use at least 50 words in your response.

answer

Reading your notes after class and do them in your own words making sure you understand them. Also making sure that you get the main points and not all of it. This is something that I need to work on since I always want it all, but if I work on the main points and leave a few lines blank after the point. I can add to it while I still remember it.

question

Scientific nethod requires

answer

1.analysis of data to confirm a theory or alternatively established through

question

2 ways to find truth

answer

1. Analyse and experiment 2 Go to the origin of all truth and ask or act on inspiration.

question

A knowledge of truth is

answer

Of little value unless we apply it in making correct decisions

question

Scientific method is

answer

Experimentation- a valuable way of seeking truth.

question

Scientific approach

answer

More of Heavenly Father's creations to be understood through science method.

question

Righteous character is

answer

What you are becoming and provides foundation of spiritual strengths.

question

Religion is... Science is ....

answer

More personal More tangible.

question

Science is described as

answer

Both a body of knowledge and the process by which that knowledge is obtsined.

question

What are the two ways to find truth?

answer

1. Scientific method 2 go to the origin of truth and ask or respond to inspiration

question

Scientific method requires

answer

Analysis of data to confirm a theory or alternatively establish

question

In science we are only able to make use of observations that are made with our own eyes?

answer

FALSE- Sight,smell, feel and touch

question

Science cannot be used to accurately investigate events that happened long ago

answer

False

question

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

answer

In many cases, extensive study and creativity is necessary to be able to test an idea.

question

When testing a hypothesis, one match of actual to expected observations is sufficient.

answer

false

question

Generating expected observations often involves having sufficient background information to understand the hypothesis.

answer

true

question

Which of the following is NOT part of building a scientific argument as the result of testing ideas?

answer

Making a case for having proven your hypothesis true

question

Having well-defined measurement procedures, which are consistently applied, will mostly help with

answer

avoiding Bias

question

In a double-blind test, who knows which participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control group during the experiment? Mark all that apply.

answer

The researchers who train those interacting with the participants

question

When testing the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on dementia symptoms, how did Le Bars and his colleagues ensure that patients would not show improvement as the psychological effect of receiving treatment?

answer

They administered a placebo to a control group

question

Which of the following are components of fair testing of ideas? Mark all that apply

answer

Establishing safeguards against human bias Accounting for chance by using sufficiently large sample sizes Comparing an experiment group to a control group Finding ways to keep all variables the same except the ones you're interested in Using statistical analysis to determine the significance of measured deviations

question

Which of the following is/are valid reasons for making an assumption? (Mark all that apply.)

answer

The assumption is tested in a separate experiment at the same time. The assumption has been tested previously by other scientists. The assumption is supported by our current understanding of the principles involved

question

In Science, an assumption is

answer

something we must accept as true without testing.

question

It is often trivial to design an experiment where the results depend only on the variable being tested

answer

False

question

Observations are only considered to be in support of a proposed explanation if they exactly match the predicted (or expected) outcomes of that explanation.

answer

False

question

Which of the following best determines the degree to which a set of observations supports a proposed hypothesis?

answer

Statistical analysis of expected variation in the observations

question

Observations that consistently and closely match expectations are a sign of (mark all that apply)

answer

a well-understood theory. high quality instrumentation. excellent lab technique strong bias or fraud.

question

What was Lavoisier's hypothesis?

answer

That during the course of changing matter from one substance to another, no matter is lost.

question

How did Lavoisier's actual results match his expected results?

answer

He was able to show that, when carefully conducted, no mass is lost during a series of chemical reactions

question

In the film, Lavoisier said that the mass gained by the pipe plus the mass of the collected gas "exactly" equaled the lost mass of water. If we believe Lavoisier to have behaved scientifically, how must you interpret that statement?

answer

All of the above are valid interpretations, although of differing likelihood.

question

Rutherford calculated that a gold atom is about 10,000 larger than its nucleus. Thinking about his experiment and its results, how did he come to this conclusion?

answer

Analyzing the ratio of alpha particles passing through to those reflected back

question

What was the result of Rutherford's experiment?

answer

He learned that the positive charge in an atom is concentrated in a small nucleus

question

What was Rutherford's hypothesis

answer

That the nuclei of atoms are diffuse positive charges.

question

The design and execution of an experiment to test an idea is easy, once you understand the idea well enough.

answer

False

question

What were these researchers' expected results?

answer

As an object approaches zero degrees, the amount of red-shifted reflected light will be more than the amount of blue-shifted reflected light

question

Which of the following was necessary for these researchers to be able to make this movie

answer

An understanding of how atoms and electrons behave

question

Was there a scientific purpose for making this movie? If so, what?

answer

Both of the "yes" statements are correct. which is Yes, to generate curiosity and interest in future scientists. Yes, to show that these researchers understand how atoms and molecules work.

question

What electrons are involved in chemical bonding

answer

The outermost ones

question

Why do Lewis structures only represent the valence electrons?

answer

Those are the electrons invovled in bonding

question

All elements must fulfil the _____ rule except for H/He which instead fulfil the _____ rule.

answer

Octet, Duet

question

Polar covalent bonding is the process of unequal sharing of electrons

answer

...

question

Covalent bonding is the process of sharing of electrons between two atoms.

answer

equal sharing of the bond electrons arise when the electrongativites of the two atoms are equal.

question

Which of the following are related to the strength of intermolecular forces in a compound?

answer

melting point boiling point vapor pressure evaporation viscosity surface tension solubility

question

All intermolecular forces arise from attractions between opposing charges.

answer

True

question

If two molecules are identical except that one is the mirror image of the other, then they will have identical properties.

answer

False

question

Mirror images can be overlaid to match exactly

answer

False

question

Sometimes, the finest details of the structure of a molecule are relevant to the function of the molecule

answer

True

question

Paleomagnetic dating

answer

A type of dating that examines the way magnetic iron particles are oriented in a sample and compares this with known movements of the magnetic North pole over geologic time.

question

Correlation

answer

Finding out the relationship between things. In geology, correlation involves trying to match rocks or fossils of the same age between different locations.

question

Dinoflagellate

answer

Microscopic single-cell organism that lives in freshwater and seawater.

question

Radioisotope

answer

An atom with an unstable nucleus. The excess energy associated with the nucleus is released when the nucleus undergoes radioactive decay.

question

Fission track dating

answer

A method of dating that counts microscopic traces left in crystals by the radioactive decay of uranium.

question

Relative dating

answer

The foundation for early geology Based on the assumption that the oldest layers of rock will be found underneath younger layers Based on paleontology Supported by absolute dating methods

question

Eon

answer

The longest division of geologic time consisting of two or more eras. For example, the phanerozouc eon consists of three eras- the paleozoic, mesozoic, and cenozoic

question

Epoch

answer

A division of geological time less tgan a period, but greater tgan an age.

question

Absolute dating methods include

answer

Paleornmagnetic reversals Fission track dating Measuring radioactive isotopes

question

Boundaries between geological periods are usually determined by a major shift in ancient sediment composition between rock layers.

answer

False

question

Which other major scientific theory provides the basis for relative dating?

answer

Evolution

question

Paleozoic

answer

Ancient life

question

Mesozoic

answer

Middle life

question

Cenozoic

answer

New life

question

There were two main theories to explain how seashells got on top of mountains. One stated that they were deposited there by rising sea levels. What is one of the biggest problems with this theory?

answer

There was no explanation for where the water went during times of low sea levels.

question

Lyell is considered by many to be the father of modern geology despite many shortfalls including: 1. He could not explain how mountains formed. 2. He rejected the idea of ice ages. 3. He believed mammals existed since the beginning of life. 4. He rejected the idea of sudden extinction of animal or plants. If he was wrong on so many key points why was he considered the father of modern geology?

answer

He was good at explaining his ideas.

question

Why was Playfair, a mathematician and not a geologist, so influential in shaping geological theory?

answer

He was a friend of and studied with Hutton, who was a brilliant geologist. His writings were read and understood by Lyell. He explained to others ideas that Hutton failed to communicate effectively

question

Which of the following is the most likely reason for the rapid advancement of geology from the late 1700s to the mid-1800s?

answer

Increase in membership in the geologic community

question

When trying to calculate the age of the earth Edmond Halley came up with an experiment that would give a rough idea of the earth's age. He believed the salt in the ocean came from deposits from erosion of land. Therefore if you divide the total amount of salt in the ocean by the total amount deposited each year you would know the age of the earth. What was the problem with his experiment?

answer

He could not calculate how much salt was in the ocean.

question

Initially Kelvin suggested the earth was 98 million years old (but maybe only 20 million or as much as 400 million). Why did he later revise the earth's age to not more than 24 million years old when most geologists, including Darwin, believed the earth to be hundreds of millions of years old?

answer

Physics showed that the sun could not burn for longer than that.

question

The majority of scientific work is done by individual scientists in isolation.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is one of the benefits of diversity in the scientific community?

answer

Helps control bias that may emerge.

question

What is a necessary aspect of being a part of the scientific community?

answer

Subjecting your work to evaluation by others

question

A good scientist is objective and never shows bias.

answer

False

question

How can we ensure that only ideas supported by evidence and based on sound reasoning are accepted?

answer

Collaborating to replicate the results of others Scrutinizing the work of others Subjecting our own work to the scrutiny of others.

question

Which of the following methods were used to determine the age of the Mangahouanga fossils?

answer

Fossil correlation with dinoflagelletes Relative dating by comparing rock layers.

question

Why do we have many more fossils of marine life than terrestrial life?

answer

Fossil formation works best in aquatic sediments

question

What is the significance of the discovery of hornblende crystals in ring of fire volcanoes?

answer

It indicates the presence of water in the magma

question

How did scientists discover the source of water that is deep below the earth's crust around the ring of fire?

answer

They analyzed gas samples from the volcanoes.

question

Suppose you discovered that there was oceanic sediment in the magma of the ring of fire volcanoes but you lived at the time of Alfred Wegener. How would his hypothesis on plate movement help explain your discovery?

answer

It would help provide a mechanism for moving ocean sediment under the volcanoes

question

What makes the ring of fire volcanoes erupt so explosively? Mark all that apply

answer

Their magma is thicker Their magma contains silica Their magma traps in gas and increases pressure

question

How does earthquake activity around the ring of fire give further evidence of subduction?

answer

The further inland you go the deeper the source of the earthquakes.

question

What is the evidence for plate motion? Mark all that apply

answer

earthquake location Tsunamis Deep ocean trenches GPS tracking

question

Based on your understanding of subduction which of the following would you expect to be older?

answer

the constal

question

What is the significance of mid-ocean ridges?

answer

That is where new crust material is created

question

According to the video, what is the force that drives the movement of the plates? (This is actually only one part of the equation. The other forces that drive plate motion will be discussed in class.)

answer

Convection currents

question

What is the Church's official position on the theory of evolution?

answer

The Church neither endorses nor denies the theories of science, including the theory of evolution

question

What are acceptable interpretations of the Church's official statement on evolution? (check all that apply.)

answer

We are free to study scientific theories, including the theory of evolution Our exaltation is not directly affected by knowledge of scientific theories like the theory of evolution The Church's official position on the theory of evolution is neither for nor against it

question

How did Brigham Young feel about statements from scientists on geologic time

answer

He said he didn't care

question

What is the best definition for biological evolution?

answer

Changes in the allele frequencies of a population over time

question

Evolution acts on the level of the individual

answer

False

question

Natural selection acts on the level of the individual

answer

True

question

Natural selection is random (Bedbugs)

answer

False

question

Mutations are random (Bedbugs)

answer

True

question

Sometimes two different species can successfully mate, but produce offspring different to either parent (e.g. a horse and donkey can mate to produce a mule). These offspring are called:

answer

Hybrids

question

How do scientists judge two organisms to be the same species?

answer

They can successfully breed

question

There are examples of organisms that have speciated during the course of human history.

answer

True

question

Why is microevolution so much more attractive to opponents of evolutionary theory than macroevolution?

answer

Microevolution is visible in the short term People think microevolution means only a change in allele frequency (no speciation There is a large volume of evidence for microevolution It is difficult for people to see macroevolution because of the very long time scale (all of the above)

question

What aspect of plate tectonics is least understood and requires further research?

answer

The driving mechanism (what causes plates to start moving one direction and then stop or change directions)

question

How many different disciplines had to come together before the full understanding of the theory of plate tectonics could be realized?

answer

Paleomagnetics Seismology Oceanography Structural geology Geography Paleontology

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