FDR’s New Deal Programs and Laws

1933 First New Deal Purpose: To protect farmers from price drops by providing crop subsidies to reduce production, educational programs to teach methods of preventing soil erosion. Created: The Agricultural Adjustment Administration, to oversee the distribution of the subsidies. Unconstitutional: Declared unconstitutional in 1936 with United States v. Butler.

1933 First New Deal Headed by: Harry Hopkins Purpose: The CWA created construction jobs, mainly improving or constructing buildings and bridges Significance: The CWA provided a psychological and physical boost to its 4 million workers. Closed: It ended on March 31, 1934, after spending $200 million a month and giving jobs to 4 million people.

1933 First New Deal Headed by: Robert Fechner Purpose: The CCC was designed to provide jobs for young men, aged 18-25, in relief families who had difficulty finding jobs during the Great Depression in the United States while at the same time implementing a general natural resource conservation program in every state and territory. Significance: In nine years 2.5 million young men participated in the CCC, which provided them with shelter, clothing, and food, together with a small wage of $30 a month ($25 of which had to be sent home to their families). Closed: The CCC was closed in 1942, when congress voted to close it because it was declining due to the draft.

1933 First New Deal Headed by: Harry Hopkins Purpose: To alleviate household unemployment by creating new unskilled jobs in local and state government. Significance: It provided direct relief to the needy ($3 billion total). Closed: FERA was terminated in 1935.

1933 First New Deal Headed by: Hugh Johnson Purpose: To eliminate \"cut-throat competition\" by bringing industry, labor and government together to create codes of \"fair practices\" and set prices. Significance: It enforced codes of fair competition, minimum wages, and permitted collective bargaining of workers. Unconstitutional: Declared unconstitutional in Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States.

1935 Second New Deal Headed by: Aubrey Willis Williams Purpose: To provide work and education for Americans between the ages of 16 and 25. Significance: Provided part-time employment to more than two million college and high school students. Closed: The NYA officially folded in 1943.

1933 First New Deal Headed by: Harold Ickes, Secretary of Interior Purpose: To built large-scale public works such as dams, bridges, hospitals, and schools; In turn producing more jobs and reducing unemployment. Significance:Received $6 billion appropriation from Congress for public works projects. They completed over 34,000 projects. Closed: The PWA was closed when FDR moved industry toward war production.

1935 Second New Deal Headed by: Harry A. Slattery Purpose: To provide electricity to rural areas in the United States via public-private partnerships. Significance: Encouraged farmers to join cooperatives to bring electricity to farms. Despite its efforts, by 1940 only 40% of American farms were electrified.

1934 First New Deal First Chairman: Joseph Kennedy Sr. Purpose: To regulate the stock market and prevent corporate abuses relating to the sale of securities and corporate reporting. Significance: It restricted margin buying.

1935 Second New Deal Purpose: To provided old age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to blind, deaf, disabled, and dependent children.

1933 First New Deal Purpose: To provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly affected by the Great Depression. Significance: Federal government build series of dams to prevent flooding and sell electricity. First public competition with private power industries.

1935 Second New Deal Purpose: To protect the rights of employees in the private sector to discuss organizing and workplace issues with coworkers, engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes and other forms of protected concerted activity in support of their demands. Created the NLRB. Significance: Allowed workers to join unions and outlawed union-busting tactics by management.

1935 Second New Deal Headed by: Harry Hopkins Purpose: To employ millions of unemployed people (mostly unskilled men) to carry out public works projects,including the construction of public buildings and roads. In much smaller but more famous projects the WPA employed musicians, artists, writers, actors and directors in large arts, drama, media, and literacy projects. Significance: Employed 8.5 million workers during the Great Depression. Closed: The WPA was closed in 1943 since unemployed had reduced so drastically during WWII.

1933 First New Deal Purpose: To provide insurance of people's money if a bank were to close. Significance: It established the FDIC to created federally insured bank deposits ($2500 per investor at first) to prevent bank failures.

1933 First New Deal Purpose: To refinance home mortgages currently in default to prevent foreclosure.

1935 Second New Deal Purpose: To provide effort during the Depression to combat American rural poverty. The Information Division of the FSA was responsible for providing educational materials and press information to the public, mostly photographs of the depression. Significance: The FSA loaned more than $1 billion to farmers and set up camps for migrant workers.

1938 Second New Deal Purpose: To provide a maximum 44-hour seven-day workweek, established a national minimum wage, guaranteed time-and-a-half for overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited most employment of minors Significance: This banned child labor and set a minimum wage. This was the last New Deal Agency

These programs were made to be temporary. They provided direct payment. Programs: FERA and HOLC

These programs were the cornerstone of the New Deal. They were established to create jobs. Programs: CCC, WPA, PWA, CWA, NIRA, AAA, and NYA

These programs were made to become more permanent, which made them a little controversial. They were made to put a regulation on banks and businesses. Programs: FDIC, SEC, SSA, FLSA, TVA, REA, and NLRB