FACS 50 Midterm – Flashcards

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1. In the United States there appears to have been a broad cultural shift in the values Americans hold most dear. The general trend has been from an emphasis on ________ to _________.
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D. parenting; self-fulfillment
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2. ______________ individualism can best be described as a style of life that emphasizes the development of one's own feelings and emotional satisfaction.
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C. expressive
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3. The primary family unit in Western nations is
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C. the small, household-based family of parents and children.
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4. The ___________ can be described as the tendency to obtain public goods by allowing others to do the work of providing them.
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D. free rider problem
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5. Of the following, which group would not fit the definition of a public family?
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B. A childless married couple with no dependents
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6. While the public family is about _______, the private family is about __________.
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A. caretaking and dependency/nurturing and intimacy
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7. In 2004, the state of _______________ became the first state to legalize same-sex marriage, joining the countries of Canada, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands.
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B. Massachusetts
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8. Those most likely to view marriage as a socially constructed institution organized to maintain male dominance most likely subscribe to the principles of
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A. feminist theory.
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9. According to the __________ perspective personal identity and choices become more important and more often reflected upon.
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B. postmodern
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10. Today, most Americans view the family as a(n) _________ institution.
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A. private
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11. A state in which family members are unsure of who is and who is not in the family is referred to as
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C. boundary ambiguity
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12. To conduct .............. studies, researchers may join the group they are interested in and live with them for a period of time.
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D. observational
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13. The liberals in the U.S government are in support of policies that intend to promote two-married parents families.
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B. False
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14. Over the past few decades, nearly all Western nations have undergone similar changes with respect to family life including:
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a. Increases in cohabitation, childbearing outside of marriage, and divorce
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15. The theory stating that women and men's behaviors in the family are linked to their different procreative strategies is
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c. Evolutionary theory
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16. If you were concerned with the way families discipline their children, handle their disagreements, or share their affection, you would be focusing on the:
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d. Private family.
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17. An adult child who takes care of elderly parents - shopping and cooking for them, taking them to doctors, and so on - is producing a
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c. Public good
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18. One disadvantage of survey research on family is the limited information that can be gathered.
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A. True
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19. Reflexivity is the process where individuals take in knowledge, look carefully at it, and alter their behavior as a result of it
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A. True
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20. According to the postmodern perspective, the late modern era is characterized by constrained choices and lives similar to those of our grandparents.
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A. True
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1. French colonists used the term "berdache" to refer to:
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D. Native Americans who dressed in the clothing of the opposite sex and took on opposite gender roles
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2. In sociological terms, gender is considered a ....................creation, while sex is considered a ................. creation.
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A. Social/ biological
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3. "Two-spirited" females were most likely to be found in societies
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D. where men had less control over women.
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4. The feminist-influenced branch of men's studies believe that male aggressiveness is
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A. a social construct
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5. Of the following which is "gendered"? A. housework B. child care C. work for wages
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D. all of the above
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6. When trying to explain the interactionist approach to gender development we could use an example of:
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D. A man opening the car door to a female and a woman reciprocating with cooking a dinner for him.
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7. A theoretical perspective stating that men and women developed different strategies in order to increase their chances for procreation and gene transmission is the:
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C. Evolutionary biology
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8. When it comes to children's games, girls are....likely than boys to play organized games with rules and goals.
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B. Less
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9. A consistent finding across all studies of the play behavior of young girls and boys is that
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A. boys, on average, show more competitive behavior than girls.
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10. A 1990 study of randomly selected music videos on Music Television (MTV) found which of the following?
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C. Stereotyped sex and gender roles were still prevalent.
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11. According to interactionist theory proponents such as West and Zimmerman, the way to change contemporary male and female differences in infant caretaking is to involve men equally with women in the early caretaking of their young
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A. True
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12. The sharp distinctions between what men and women do in families in the United States is unique compared with most societies.
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B. False
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13. The trend in our society that encourages men to get "in touch" with their masculinity while being good husbands and fathers is called:
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C. Promise Keepers
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14. Hormone influences of the mother on her fetus in the second trimester of pregnancy fully determine children's behaviors.
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B. False
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15. The interactionist approach system is the theory that gender identification and behavior are based on the day-to-day behavior that reinforces gender distinctions.
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A. True
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16. Tendency for attitudes and values to change more slowly than the circumstances that underlie them
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Cultural lag
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17. Theory that gender identification and behavior are based on children's learning that they will be rewarded for a set of behaviors considered appropriate for one sex but not for the other
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Socialization approach
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18. The greater change in women's lives than in men's lives
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Asymmetry of Gender change
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19. Biological characteristics that distinguish men and women
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Sex
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20. Based on the sociology of gender espoused by West and Zimmerman
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Interactionist approach
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1. When Barack Obama was born in Hawaii to an interracial married couple in 1961 at least ________ states had laws forbidding marriages between whites and non-whites.
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B. fifteen
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2. The number of births and deaths among American Indians did not change dramatically between 1970 and 1980. How would you explain the 72 percent rise in their population during this same time period?
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C. More people began to think of themselves as American Indian and reported themselves to the U.S. Census as that
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3. The racial-ethnic group with the greatest number of children under 18 not living with either parent is
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D. African American.
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4. Among Hispanics, the racial-ethnic group members who, on average, are the least likely to formally marry are
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C. Puerto Ricans.
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5. Family households in the United States most likely to marry a spouse of a different race are from the __________ racial-ethnic group.
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B. Asian American
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6. The decline in marriage among African Americans can be explained by the following phenomenon:
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A. the lack of suitable marriage partners for women due to job losses and incarceration among men.
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7. The __________ family is thought to be superior in allowing people to be upwardly mobile, as is evidenced by the success of Cubans.
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A. conjugal
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8. The first wave of Cuban-American immigrants, in contrast to most other major immigrant groups in the United States, arrived in _____.
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A. a political migration
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9. Since the 1970s, families whose income lies Puerto Ricans have the least selective migration patterns among Hispanics. This would partially explain their __________.
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B. low economic standing among Hispanic groups living in the United States
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10. The _________ category has become an umbrella for an extremely diverse group of people that differ in language, religion, and physical features. A. African American B. Hispanic. C. Asian American
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D. Both B and C
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11. The economically disadvantaged position of American Indian families is most comparable to that of
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B. African American families
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12. One way mentioned by Cherlin in which Asian culture differs from American culture pertains to
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B. the responsibility assumed by adult children for their parents
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13. The most prosperous Hispanic group in the United States today is the Cuban-American group.
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A. True
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14. Many Hispanic family households are headed by an unmarried male
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B. False
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15. Grandparents play a more important role, on average, in the lives of white families than in black families
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B. False
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16. cohabiting relationship in which a couple consider themselves to be married but have had no legal or religious ceremony
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consensual union
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17. mediating structure in the lives of African Americans
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the church
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18. economic advantage a person has by virtue of the structure of his or her relations with other people
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social capital
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19. Extent to which black women's lives are affected by overlapping systems of race, class and gender-based disadvantage
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Intersectionality
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20. large, dense, single-ethnic group that is relatively self-sufficient
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immigrant enclave
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1. Throughout most of their existence, human beings have been
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B. hunter-gatherers
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2. About ___________ years ago, humans discovered the advantage of remaining in one place and planting crops.
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B. 10 000
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4. A form of polygamy in which a man is allowed to have more than one wife is also referred to as
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. polygamy
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5. One of the purposes for tracking lineages through either paternal OR maternal lineage was:
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A. To limit the number of people with whom one must share land and resources.
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6. What was/were important part(s) of the affective individualism that arose during the 1700s?
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B. greater sense of self-satisfaction
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7. The emergence of a protected, extended stage of childhood in the 1800s occurred as a result of
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D. the spread of schooling and a decline in child deaths.
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8. The spread of industrial capitalism in the mid-1800s led to many social changes, including:
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B. most family members exchanging labor for wages.
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9. Contrary to what they considered to be today, children in colonial America were considered to be:
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C. Economic assets
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10. The real responsibility of the True Woman as described by historian Barbara Welter was
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C. to save men from immoral behavior and take over much of the day-to-day home tasks for men
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11. The spread of industrial capitalism in the mid-1800s led to many social changes, including:
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c. Separate spheres for men and women
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12. The disruption of slave families was more severe in
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B. The Appalachian area
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13. The 1965 Immigration Act drastically changed the number of people allowed in the United States from Asia and the largest group to migrate since then has been from:
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B. China
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14. Which immigrant group sent monetary remittances home to family members in their country of origin?
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C. Chinese Americans
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15. The primary job open to African-American women prior to the 1960s was:
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B. Domestic servant
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16. Despite idealistic notions to the contrary, kinship developed primarily as a means of survival.
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a. True
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17. African American families maintained weaker kinship links than other groups
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b. False
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18. Many couples who were married during the Great Depression stayed married because of economics, not necessarily because of happiness
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a. True
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19. U.S. women of the 1950s are married at an earlier age (for their first marriage) than U.S. women in previous generations.
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a. True
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20. The term "stem family" refers to a family which includes aging parent(s) and one adult child who lives with them in the same household.
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a. True
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1. A proper Puritan marriage was based on each of the factors below EXCEPT
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d. Sexuality
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2. Historical evidence seems to suggest that .......... sexual activity among Puritans was not accepted by religious authorities and the community as a whole.
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a. Extramarital
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3. What was the penalty for rape, adultery, sodomy, or any sexual activity not approved by the Bible under the laws of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
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c. Death
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4. The Industrial Revolution initiated a gradual breakdown in the pattern in which the order of a son's birth was closely connected to the economic status of his future spouse. This fact can be best explained by the fact that in the in the earlier centuries
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c. Firstborn sons were given the largest share of the parental estate and so they were in a better position to find a spouse with similar assets
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5. One of the characteristics of the Victorian era was that
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d. Women were perceived as asexual beings who happily accepted their lack of sexuality
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6. What would be the LEAST likely reason for a Victorian man to choose his future spouse?
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a. Sexual attraction he feels toward her
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7. Prior to 1900, a marital sex life that was too satisfying was spiritually suspect.
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a. True
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8. At the beginning of the 20th century, some important changes in the lives of women took place. One of the most significant was that women's _______________ was now openly acknowledged, which expressed itself, among others, in their _______________.
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c. Sexuality; clothing and cosmetics
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9. Other changes that took place at the beginning of the 20s century was the movement toward women's rights to birth control. The most outspoken person of this movement was:
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b. Margaret Sanger
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10. Which of the following criteria seems to matter most to men in choosing a spouse?
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a. Good looks
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11. Which of the following seems to matter most to women in choosing a spouse?
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b. Education and income
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12. Currently, there is more permissiveness toward ..........sex than ever before.
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b. Premarital
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13. Women seem to be guided by romantic love and ................. in the choice of their partners whereas men are guided by romantic love and ...................in their choice of partners.
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c. Practical criteria; physical attractiveness
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14. One of the changes in adolescent pregnancy in recent decades is that ............ than it was several decades ago.
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c. The likelihood that these pregnancies will result in birth outside marriage is higher
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15. In the textbook discussion of teenage pregnancy "problem", the selection effect indicates that many of the girls who become pregnant make inappropriate choices in the selection of men who father their children
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b. False
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16. Homosexual couples do not have access to the ___________ institutions that support heterosexual couples.
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a. Legal
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17. Psychiatrists and psychologists have been very successful in changing the sexual orientation of their gay and lesbian clients.
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b. False
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18. The AIDS is a "silent epidemic" that in a recent decade has affected .............the most.
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b. White males
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19. Who in the USA is at virtually no risk of HIV infection?
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c. Married couples with no outside partners
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20. In the 2000s, sexual monogamy in the exception rather than the rules among married partners.
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b. False
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1. When asked on surveys (such as the General Social Survey) to which social class they belong, most U.S. residents respond that they are either:
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b. Working class or middle class
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2. Of the following, the best example of an assortative marriage would be
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C. a Protestant college graduate marrying a Catholic college graduate
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3. According to Max Weber's "ideal type" of social classes, which is a characteristic most likely found in middle-class families?
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d. These families are more likely to take family vacations
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4. A group of people who share a common style of life and often identify with each other is called a/an
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C. status group
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5. According the text and lecture, workers who may not work for an entire week and who often do not have fringe benefits are.........workers.
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d. Lower-class
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6. Due to economic restructuring in the United States, most jobs available to younger workers without college education are
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c. Low-paying service and unskilled manual-labor jobs
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7. Chances of divorce have been _______ for college graduates and ________ for people who did not graduate from high school
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B. declining; increasing
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8. Since the 1970s, families whose income lies in the middle of the income distribution (of all U.S. families) have kept up with the cost of living primarily by:
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d. Having wives take on jobs outside the home
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9. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the strengths and weaknesses of relying on a large kinship network for support?
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a. Kin support helps people subsist when faced with poverty but may make
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10. The families belonging to the _____ are the most likely to influence their children's choice of marriage partners.
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a. Upper class.
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11. The resources and opportunities that people have to provide themselves with material goods and favorable living conditions are called
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A. life chances
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12. Each class socializes its children to fill the same positions as their parents have filled.
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a. True
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13. We also saw a video about
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d. We did not see any such video
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14. Middle-class families in the USA are more likely to exchange financial support
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a. Between children and parents.
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15. The significant differences in U.S. family incomes today is determined by whether or not the parent(s) has a college degree.
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a. True
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16. Earnings among the U.S. workers have become more equal over time
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b. False
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17. The segregation of what men and women do in their families is more pronounced in:
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a. Working class families
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18. "Women-centered kinship" is typical to:
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d. Lower-class families
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19. All of the following are advantages that middle-class children gain from "the accomplishment of natural growth" except which?
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C. They are more physically fit.
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20. Since the 1970s, social class differences among the families have:
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a. Decreased
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