Exploration and Trade – Flashcards
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What was the Age of Exploration?
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Period of time where Europeans began to explore the rest of the world
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What made Age of Exploration possible?
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mapmaking, ship building and navigation
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Why were spices such an important motivation for European explorers?
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It was their main source for trading which earned them money
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What made spices so valuable?
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Preserved food, provided food, added flavor for meats and used for medicinal properties
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Why were spices so difficult and expensive to obtain?
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Explorers could not grow spices from their countries, so had to sail to Spice Islands and usually go around Africa because it was a lot cheaper than going through Europe and Asia
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What are the 3-G's/ what do they represent?
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G-d: Da Gama and kinda Dias sailed around Africa, but stopped in certain places in Africa and tried to influence the muslims to go to Christianity Gold: Explorers looked for gold, not only for the wealth, but also to get spices Glory: Success
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Prince Henry the Navigator
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He was a Prince and began the Age of Exploration. He built a school in Portugal called School of Navigation. People were trained in navigation, map-making, and science, in order to sail down the west of Africa.
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Bartholomeu Dias
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Sailed from Portugal, wanted to get to the Coast of Africa and find a way to the Indian Ocean. Claimed a lot of coastal Africa for Portugal. First explorer to round the southern tip of Africa
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Vasco da Gama
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Sailed from Portugal, wanted to get to India and Spice Islands. First explorer to get to India by sea. He terrorized people in Africa to become Christians
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Christopher Columbus
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Sailed for Spain even though he was Italian. Wanted to get to Asia and thought he did, but ended up in the Caribbean
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Ferdinand Magellan
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Died in the Philippines, but his crew finished his journey for him and was the first explorer to travel around the world
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2 European powers first claimed significant portions of land in the new world
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Portuguese and Spanish
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Line of Demarcation
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A line where it divided the Portuguese land to the East and the Spanish land to the West
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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Agreement between Portugal and Spain that said to the East of the separation line, Portugal can have the UNEXPLORED land and to the West of the separation line, Spain can have the UNEXPLORED land
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Africa
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Europe started Slave Trade here. Sailed here, seized the villages and enslaved them. They would be taken by ship going to the Americas and through the Middle Passage
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India (Mughal Empire)
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Center of the Spice Trade. A lot of trade happened here and this empire was very powerful. The taxes became to high which made the citizens angry. England captured this place
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China (Ming Dynasty)
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Europe wanted goods from this place because they had a lot of goods. They traded Silk and Porcelain to the Europeans for Gold and Silver
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Korea
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Isolated from other countries. Were invaded 2 times by their neighboring countries so they don't like trade. Didn't want to trade with Europe
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Japan
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Europe came here and was welcomed because of their advanced weaponry, which they traded for. They liked at first that the Europeans showed them Christianity, but then people began to like Church more than leaders
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Mexico (Aztecs)
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The conquistadors conquered this place. Their capital was in Tenochtitlan, where Cortez arrived (super rich area) Cortez saw a lot of gold here and threw the leader Moctezuma in jail and took the gold
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Peru (Incas)
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Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistadors was interested in this place. He showed up and held their ruler for a ransom after killing the ruler, this place became Spanish territory
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Who were the conquistadors?
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Soldiers from Spain who's main priority was to conquer America.
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What were the conquistadors primary motives?
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To get GOLD and to CONVERT them to CHRISTIANITY
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Conquered the Aztecs (Mexico)
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Hernan Cortez for more land, gold and silver
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Conquered the Incas (Peru)
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Francisco Pizarro for more land, gold and silver
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The Columbian Exchange
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Global exchange that was caused from Columbus coming back from Spain and sending culture, animals and plants back to America
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Columbian Exchange began
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When Columbus returned back to Spain in 1493
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Effects of Columbian Exchange
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New food/animals and Global population explosion
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Atlantic Slave Trade
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The transporting and selling of human beings as slaves.
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Slaves journey through the Americas
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Taken from their villages (men, women, children), bound by ropes and chains are forced to walk long distances as long as 1000 miles. A lot died on the journey, either from getting diseases, committing suicide or just dying. Those who tried to escape were brutally punished. Then they were restrained in coastal. They were below the ship, chained to the ground probably on a couple inches away from each other. They were below the deck from 3 weeks - 3 months and faced storms, raids from pirates and revolts by captives
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Slave Coast took place
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West Africa
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The Triangular Trade
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Trade routes that formed a triangle connecting Europe, Africa and the Americas
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3 places the triangle connected
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Europe, Africa and Americas
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Traded across the 3 "legs"
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America to Europe: Raw materials Europe to Africa: Manufactured goods Africa to America: Slaves
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Role of the Middle Passage
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The transportation of slaves from Africa to the Americas
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Effects of Triangular Trade
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Triangular Trade Intensifies to Colonies and Europe become rich to African States and socieites are torn apart
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Inflation (The Price Revolution)
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Prices rising because of all the weath coming in from the Econonmy that wasn't there before
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Fueled infliation in Europe during the 1500's
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Golf from Americas
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Capitalism
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Economic practice of using wealth to create more weath. There is usually no goverment involved and only entrepreneurs
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Role that Entrepreneurs play in Capalism
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People who make their own products and decide how much they want to tell their product for
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Tulip Mania in Netherands
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The price for tulips became extremely high as the months went on and people had the money to pay for the tulips because they were wealthy. The prices kept on getting higher and higher and people still continued to buy the fower, then one day they realized that the prices were now dropping causing them to have to sell their flower at a cheaper price than they had to pay for
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Mercantilism
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Economic policy of selling more than you can buy
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How are they relative to Mercantilism
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Gold/Silver: made a nation (country) powerful Balance of Tade: you export more than you inport Tariffs: helped to make a favorable trade Overseas Colonies: Trading with the Mother Countries so that the mother countries can get GOLD/ SILVER
