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Tri-point progression

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Concrete: manipulatives, hands-on Semi concrete: pictures, tallies, circles abstract: using numbers and symbols only

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Social Studies ten themes

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1- Culture 2- Time, Continuity, Change 3- People, Places, Environment 4- Individual Identity 5- Individual, Groups, Institutions 6- Power, Authority, Governance 7- Production, Distribution, Consumer 8- Science, Technology, Society 9- Global Connections 10- Civic Ideas & Practices

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Advantages of using Globes

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Develops the concept that the earth is round, Represents distance

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disadvantages of using globes

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Availability, Hard to see, Difficult to see small areas

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Advantages of using maps

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More economical, easy to store

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disadvantages of using maps

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Conformal: true shape, wrong size. Equal Area: True size, wrong shape.

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Five themes of Geography:

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1- Location= the exact location of a place on the earth's surface Apply: Absolute location- exact point (address, latitude "up and down"/longitude" across") Relative location- general area (landmark) 2- Place= the physical and human characteristics of a place that sets it apart from other places. 3- Relationships = How human characteristics interact with the environment of a place (both good and bad results) Apply: People's adaption to climate, use of natural resources, how people make their living, environmental issues. 4- Movement= the movement of people, products, information, and ideas within a country and between countries. Apply: Good services, Imports/Exports, Transportation, Communication 5- Regions= How regions form and change Apply: Type of government, political regions, major tourist attractions, unique characteristics of these regions

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economics in an elementary class

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A study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Micro-Personal Economics Macro- National budgets, GNP, international markets Elementary Topics: Needs vs Wants, Using vs Saving Money, Production, Distribution, and Consumption of goods, Goods vs Services.

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scientific method

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• Purpose-What do you want to find out? • Research-What is already known about this? • Hypothesis- What do you think will happen? • Experiment-What you do • Analysis-what happened during experiment • conclusion-end results

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Good teaching in a science class

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*actively involved *hands-on *basic memorization of facts *create critical thinking by asking open ended questions *collect own data

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inquiry based learning (hands on, minds on)

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collaborative relationship between students and teacher *asking questions *designing investigations *investigating *formulating explanations *present findings *reflect on findings

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science process skills

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*observation *communication *classification *measurement *inference *prediction

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primary sources for elementary

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*text *images *statistics *objects *community sources *audio

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guidelines for using manipulatives

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*allow kids to explore *discuss how they help us learn *set up ground rules *set up storage system *food and virtual manipulatives

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accountable talk (math)

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*marking - revoicing- challenging -recapping

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Problem solving strategies

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1. find a pattern 2. make a table 3. work backward 4. guess and check 5. draw a picture 6. make a list 7. write a number sentence

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math practice standards

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1. make sense of problems 2. reason abstractly and quantitatively 3. construct viable arguments and critique reasoning of others 4. model with math 5. use appropriate tools 6. attend to precision 7. look for and use structure 8. look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning

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assessing question

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can you show me how you solved this problem?

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advancing question

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is there another way to solve this problem?

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CCSS math domains

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*counting and cardinality * operations and algebraic thinking *numbers and operations in base ten *numbers and operations - fractions *measurement and data *geometry

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math menus

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used to help gifted or advanced students make choices, manage time, work at own pace, have ownership

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essential understanding

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driving force of the curriculum, help students make connections, monitor their learning, and gain deeper understandings of important terms or topics

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instructional guidelines for spelling

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teach spelling as part of whole curriculum, students write frequently, encourage students to invent spelling

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alternative spelling strategies

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1. modified textbook approach (add words they want to learn) 2. base word list approach (1,000 most frequently used words) 3.editing stage of process writing

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discovery approach

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1. present a list of words that share phonetic relationship 2. categorize words 3. state generalization 4. pretest 5. correct pretest 6. assign meaningful practice activities

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phonic patterns

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beginning consonant sounds, C rule, G rule, Consonant vowel consonant, vowel digraphs, vowel consonant silent E, consonant vowel pattern, R controlled vowels

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phonic activities

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1. vowel sorts- sorting pictures to differentiate between long E and long I 2. Bingo- call out picture and name 3. show me- put letters in pocket and show teacher 4. spelling meaning patterns- sorting and matching new endings

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emergent literacy

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emergent = literacy begins at birth and continues throughout life, literacy = embraces ability of reading and writing *process which begins at birth

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reading strategies for young children

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*shared reading - children join in *morning messages *picture walk - make predictions based off pictures *choral reading - read story as group

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writing strategies for young children

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*dictation - child draws, "tell me about it", teacher writes it down *language experience - teacher creates story by students dictated words *slotted sentences- children copy sentence and fill in blank

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alphabetic principle

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phonemic awareness is combined with letter-name knowledge, students attain a new conceptual understanding *necessary for students to progress in reading, especially phonics

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teaching listening and speaking

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prerequisite for reading and writing,

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components of grammar

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1. parts of speech - 8 parts, building blocks 2. parts of sentence - subject, predicate, complements 3. types of sentences - structure and purpose 4. capitalization and punctuation 5. usage - agreement, tense, verb forms, case

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writing process

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1. prewrite - gather and organize information 2. draft - ideas in sentence/ paragraph form 3. revise - clarity of ideas 4. edit- grammar. spelling 5. publish/ share - give students an audience

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importance of teaching speaking and listening

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speaking goes hand in hand with out ability to read and write, and helps collaboration listening builds comprehension

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appropriate strategies for listening and speaking

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show and tell, using appropriate hand signals, learning positions, websites, and apps

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balanced literacy approach

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reading: daily reading application, guided reading, daily independent reading writing: daily writing application applying skills and strategies, independent writing daily four components: guided reading, self selected reading,working with words, writing block

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what research says about teaching phonics

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synthetic phonics - sounding out, embedded phonics - identify words in text, analogy based phonics - first vowel to end of word, analytic phonics - letter sound relationships, phonics through spelling

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guided reading

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i read, we read, you read - reading along with teacher

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self selected reading

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students select books to read

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five components of reading

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phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, comprehension

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stop light verse flash light readers

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stop light - stops at every miscue or sentence, flashlight finds a good mid place to stop benefit to being a flashlight reader - helps with comprehension, able to gather more content, and helps correct miscues

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language of opportunity

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standard English provides greatest opportunity for post secondary success, model good grammar, be culturally sensitive but uncompromising

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links between grammar, writing, and reading

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writing should be strongly connected to text and text evidence. student writing should provide evidence for skills in both reading and grammar

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integrating writing in all subjects

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science- journal of experiments, social studies - letters from particular historical figure's stand point, math - notebook/ journal

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Velcro theory

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beginning readers (decoding) merging with maturing readers (comprehension) the two overlap *implications for increasing comprehension skills include overlapping decoding with comprehension

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paradign shifts that CC has brought about

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building knowledge through content rich non-fiction, reading writing and speaking grounded evidence from text both literary and informational, regular practice with complex text and academic language

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close reading

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right there in the text, helps students to pull evidence directly from the text

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running record

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a written record of a students' oral reading, helps track students reading level, making sure they are on the right level, gives the teacher a chance to listen to the student read and record their progress

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ways to motivate an unmotivated student

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give them a book of their interest, allow them to select the book, encourage through prizes or stuff, make interesting activities

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RTI 2

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Response to instruction and intervention *value = multiple levels of interventions, provides it early on for those who need it, relies on assessment data * can be used throughout the grades in any academic area, prevention approach, and helps close the gap

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purpose and value of tiers

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tier 1- class wide intervention tier 2- targeted interventions tier 3- intensive, individualized interventions *guaranteed student success, on going effective assessment, progress monitoring, data based, and used to close the gap

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expository text

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informational text organized around main ideas, students need to be taught how to read and interpret text

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narrative text

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tells a story, usually in sequential order beginning, middle, and end. *strategies to teach them- students need to understand characters, theme, setting, problem, and solution

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before reading text

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introduce the text, look at pictures, important words, prior knowledge, unusual language

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during reading the text

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support effective reading - can you read the last sentence to me? reinforce what they do well

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after reading text

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discuss and revisit the text, teach for processing strategies (why this word, read with intonation), extend the text, conduct word work - assessing questions (favorite page, did you like it more than the other book)

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parts of speech

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1. verb 2.noun 3. adverb 4. adjective 5. pronoun 6. preposition 7. conjunction 8.interjection

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parts of a sentence

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subject, predicate, complements

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types of sentences

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structure and purpose

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usage (grammar)

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agreement, tense, verb form, case *strongly connected to home language

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promotion and retention

answer

several factors to consider: *academics, attendance, cognitive ability *physical, sex, size, siblings *social/emotion- previous retention, peer relations

question

evaluating software

answer

how easy it for students to learn, price, what technical support comes with it, needs of students

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