Exam 5 Geriatric & Pediatric Laboratory Assessment – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| According to 2011 data from the CDC what was the leading cause of death in people 65 and older? |
answer
| Heart Disease |
question
| According to 2011 data from the CDC what was the 2nd leading cause of death in people 65 and older? |
answer
| Cancer |
question
| What "normal" changes are observed as you get older? |
answer
| -Decline in total body water (dehydration) and muscle mass -Increased lipids and adipose tissue -Decline in lung, heart, liver, kidney, GI, immune and endocrine functions |
question
| As Renal Function Decreases, what happens to the risk of toxicity? |
answer
| Increases |
question
| As Renal Function is reduced by half with patients who are 65 or older, what happens to GFR, CrCl, drug clearance? |
answer
| Decrease; risk of toxicity |
question
| What parts of the Lipids are increased with patients who are 65 or older? |
answer
| Cholesterol & Tg |
question
| As Cholesterol & Tg increase in patients who are 65 years or older, what does this raise the risk of? |
answer
| Atherosclerosis & CHD |
question
| What Liver Function parts decrease as you become older? |
answer
| Albumin and protein |
question
| As Renal Function is reduced by half with patients who are 65 or older, what happens to Plasma BUN, Cr and uric acid? |
answer
| Increase |
question
| With Liver Function what is the result of Drug detoxification as you get older? |
answer
| Drugs/alcohol become more toxic |
question
| With Liver Function, what happens to AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, LD as you get older? |
answer
| Increase |
question
| As you get older what happens to pO2? |
answer
| Decreases |
question
| As you get older what happens to pCO2? |
answer
| Increases |
question
| As pCO2 increases as you get older you become more susceptible to what? |
answer
| Respiratory acidosis |
question
| True or False: Both Hyper- and hypothyroidism are common for patients who are 65 or older |
answer
| True |
question
| What happens to the following Endocrine Function as you get older: Testosterone |
answer
| Decreases (andropause) |
question
| What happens to the following Endocrine Function as you get older: Estrogen |
answer
| Decreases (menopause) |
question
| What happens to the following Endocrine Function as you get older: GH |
answer
| Decreases |
question
| What happens to the following Endocrine Function as you get older: Hypothalamus |
answer
| Shrinks, causing dehydration among other things |
question
| For patients who are 65 and older, what does a decrease in Estrogen increase the risk of? |
answer
| Osteoporosis/CHD |
question
| What happens to your Glucose Tolerance as you get older? |
answer
| Declines |
question
| What happens to the Prevalance of Type 2 Diabetes as you get older? |
answer
| Increases |
question
| When combined with high lipids, as you age, the risk of _____ increases x 20 |
answer
| AMI |
question
| True or False: Of the 28 conditions that the Arkansas newborn screening tests none can be cured |
answer
| True |
question
| True or False: Of the 28 conditions that the Arkansas newborn screening tests none can be cured, but many can be controlled |
answer
| True |
question
| Match the following information to the disease: Decreased T4 & Increased TSH Cretinism |
answer
| Congenital Hypothyroidism |
question
| Match the following information to the disease: Children 3 & under get a clinitest |
answer
| Galactosemia |
question
| Match the following information to the disease: Phenylalanine Defect Guthrie Bacterial Inhibition |
answer
| PKU (phenylketonuria) |
question
| Match the following information to the disease: Elevated levels of immunoreactive trypsinogen |
answer
| Cystic fibrosis |
question
| What is immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)? |
answer
| Enzyme secreted by the pancreas |
question
| If the IRT is Positive, you should follow up with what? |
answer
| Genetic testing and sweat chloride |
question
| What do Birth trauma and RDS lead to? |
answer
| respiratory acidosis and tissue hypoxia |
question
| As Lactate Increases what happens to pCO2? |
answer
| Increases |
question
| As Lactate Increases what happens to pO2? |
answer
| Decreases |
question
| What is the leading cause of death in preemies? |
answer
| RDS |
question
| What is used as a predictor for pre-term delivery? |
answer
| Fetal Fibronectin |
question
| What is used to assess the source of jaundice in neonatal/pediatric patients? |
answer
| Bilirubin |
question
| Physiologic jaundice of the newborn - bilirubin levels should fall to adult levels by ____ ____ |
answer
| 1 month |
question
| What is the Rx for Physiologic jaundice of the newborn? |
answer
| Phototherapy |
question
| HDN (pathologic jaundice) is caused by what? |
answer
| Overproduction of bilirubin from excess RBC lysis |
question
| HDN is Mostly what kind of bilirubin |
answer
| Unconjugated |
question
| With HDN, there is a risk of what after birth? |
answer
| Kernicterus |
question
| What type of charts or tests would you perform to determine bilirubin levels in neonatal patients? |
answer
| OD 450 / Liley Graph |
question
| With Gestational Diabetes, what is there a risk of? |
answer
| Insulin shock, RDS and macrosomia |
question
| True or False: Glucose levels in the newborn should be similar to adult levels |
answer
| True |
question
| What is the most prevalent type of diabetes in the pediatric population? |
answer
| Type 1 |
question
| What is the most prevalent type of diabetes in the geriatric population? |
answer
| Type 2 |
question
| Infantile diarrhea interferes with what elements absorption? |
answer
| Calcium |
question
| Infantile diarrhea interfering with Calcium absorption is consistent with what condition? |
answer
| Neonatal tetany |
question
| What element is always measured in cases of seizure of unknown origin? |
answer
| Calcium |
question
| What are the 2 Preanalytical concerns with pediatric patients? |
answer
| Instruments may not accept pediatric collection tubes Evaporation |
question
| Neonatal/Pediatric: Ammonia is tied to what condition? |
answer
| Reye's Syndrome |
question
| Neonatal/Pediatric: Ammonia can lead to what? |
answer
| Liver disease and encephalopathy |
question
| Neonatal/Pediatric- Ammonia is tied to which of the following: Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis |
answer
| Metabolic alkalosis |
question
| With the neonatal/pediatric population is Ammonia levels are not diagnosed in a timely manner than what can occur? |
answer
| High Mortality |
