Exam 3 Liver Disorders & Lab Analysis – Flashcards
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| With which Disorder is the following associated with: [image] |
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| Cirrhosis |
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| What is the main cause of a Fatty Liver? |
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| Alcoholism |
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| What may a Fatty Liver progress to? |
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| Alcoholic Hepatitis Permanent Cirrhosis |
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| How would you describe Hepatitis? |
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| Inflammation of the liver |
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| What Disorder are the following associated with? Bacteria, parasites, radiation, alcohol, drugs, chemicals, toxins, Jaundice |
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| Hepatitis |
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| Describe the chemical tests for Hepatitis in association with bilirubin, albumin, AST, and ALT |
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| Increased Direct & Indirect Bilirubin Positive Urine Bilirubin Increased ALT & AST Decreased Albumin |
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| What are the 2 leading causes of Cirrhosis? |
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| Alcohol Abuse Chronic HCV |
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| Cirrhosis causes what type of abilities of the liver to be reduced? |
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| Synthesizing |
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| What will be increased and decreased in Cirrhosis? |
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| Decreased Albumin Decreased Clotting Factors Increased GGT Increased PT |
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| True or False: Cirrhosis causes a decrease in albumin and clotting factors which leads to an increase in PT and bleeding disorders |
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| True |
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| What type of electrophoresis pattern is associated with Cirrhosis? |
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| Beta-Gamma Bridging |
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| What is the 12th leading cause of death in the United States of America? |
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| Cirrhosis |
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| What can be attributable to HBV & HCV? |
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| Tumors |
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| What is the marker for tumors due to liver disorders? |
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| AFP |
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| What disorder is usually following a viral or URT infection? |
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| Reye's Syndrome |
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| Which disorder is associated with aspirin use? |
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| Reye's Syndrome |
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| Reye's Syndrome is associated with increased levels of what 3 substances? |
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| Ammonia ALT AST |
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| What are most Drug-Induced Disorders of the Liver associated with? |
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| Ethanol |
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| What over-the-counter drug is often associated with Drug-Induced Disorders of the Liver? |
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| Acetaminophen |
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| Which disorder are the following attributed to: Inherited iron storage disease Sideroblastic anemia results Pigmentation to skin |
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| Hemochromatosis |
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| What type of stain helps visualize iron deposits? |
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| Prussian Blue |
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| What method is the following consistent with? Serum + Diazo Reagent --> Azobilirubin |
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| Conjugated Bilirubin |
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| What method is the following consistent with? Serum + Accelerator + Diazo Reagent --> Azobilirubin |
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| Total Bilirubin (Conjugated + Unconjugated) |
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| What methods is the following consistent with? Azobilirubin + Alk Tartrate --> Blue color at 600 nm |
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| Total Bilirubin (Conjugated + Unconjugated) & Conjugated Bilirubin |
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| Serum + Diazo Reagent --> ? |
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| Azobilirubin |
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| Serum + Accelerator + Diazo Reagent --> ? |
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| Azobilirubin |
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| Azobilirubin + Alk Tartrate --> ? |
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| Blue color at 600 nm |
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| Malloy & Evelyn method uses what? |
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| Methanol Accelerator |
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| Jendrassik-Grof method uses what? |
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| Caffeine Accelerator |
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| What is Delta Bilirubin? |
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| Conjugated bilirubin bound to albumin |
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| What is Delta Bilirubin seen in? |
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| Severe Liver Obstruction |
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| What does Delta Bilirubin react as in testing? |
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| Conjugated Bilirubin |
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| Who should a Direct Spectrophotometry be used on? |
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| Newborn Serum that does not contain carotinoids |
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| Direct Spectrophotometry - Absorbance at _______ is proportional to concentration |
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| 450 nm |
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| Direct Spectrophotometry - After the child is 1 month of age what method do you use? |
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| Jendrassik-Grof Method |
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| What method measures light reflected from the skin? |
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| Transcutaneous Method |
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| Who should the Transcutaneous Method be used on? |
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| Newborn Serum that does not contain carotinoids |
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| Where is urobilinogen detected at? |
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| Urine Feces |
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| What reagent do you use with urobilinogen to get a colored compound? |
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| Ehrlich's Reagent |
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| Low levels of what is seen in malnutrition or starvation? |
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| Albumin |
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| A prolonged PT indicates severe what? |
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| diffuse liver disease |
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| Is a prolonged PT a good prognosis or a bad prognosis? |
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| bad prognosis |
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| You will see increased levels of what in Reye's Syndrome, Cirrhosis, Drug Toxicity, and Hepatoma? |
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| Ammonia |
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| What can you use Ammonia to assess? |
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| Detoxification and Excretion Function of the Liver |
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| Encephalopathy = |
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| Hepatic Coma |
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| Enzymes are considered indicators of ____ _____ rather than cell function? |
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| cell damage |
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| What type of disorder are the following associated with: ALP: N GGT: N AST/ALT: N Albumin: N Total Bilirubin: Increased Direct Bilirubin: N Urine Bilirubin: Negative Urine Urobilinogen: Increased |
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| Prehepatic |
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| What type of disorder are the following associated with: ALP: Increased GGT: Increased AST/ALT: VERY Increased Albumin: N Total Bilirubin: Increased Direct Bilirubin: Increased Urine Bilirubin: Positive Urine Urobilinogen: N/Increased |
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| Hepatic |
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| What type of disorder are the following associated with: ALP: N/Increased GGT: VERY Increased AST/ALT: Increased Albumin: Decreased Total Bilirubin: Increased Direct Bilirubin: N/Increased Urine Bilirubin: Various Urine Urobilinogen: Various |
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| Alcoholic Hepatitis |
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| What type of disorder are the following associated with: ALP: VERY Increased GGT: Very Increased AST/ALT: Increased Albumin: N Total Bilirubin: Increased Direct Bilirubin: Increased Urine Bilirubin: Positive Urine Urobilinogen: Decreased |
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| Obstruction |
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| Match the findings with the condition: Inherited iron storage disease causing sideroblastic anemia |
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| Hemochromatosis |
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| Match the findings with the condition: Leading cause of cirrhosis; elevated GGT, beta-gamma bridging |
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| Alcoholism |
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| Match the findings with the condition: Highest levels of AST and ALT seen |
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| Viral hepatitis |
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| Match the findings with the condition: Liver disease following the flu; elevated ammonia |
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| Reye's syndrome |
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| Match the findings with the condition: Alpha fetoprotein used as a marker |
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| Hepatoma |
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| Match the findings with the condition: Gallstones cause the appearance of pale stools |
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| Obstructive jaundice |
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| Match the bilirubin results with the most likely condition: Posthepatic jaundice |
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| Increased direct bilirubin, positive urine bilirubin, negative urine urobilinogen, pale stools |
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| Match the bilirubin results with the most likely condition: Obstruction |
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| Increased direct bilirubin, positive urine bilirubin, negative urine urobilinogen, pale stools |
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| Match the bilirubin results with the most likely condition: Hemolytic anemia |
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| Increased indirect bilirubin; increased urine urobilinogen |
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| Match the bilirubin results with the most likely condition: Viral hepatitis |
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| Increased direct & Increased Indirect Bilirubin; positive urine bilirubin and urobilinogen |
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| Match the bilirubin results with the most likely condition: Gallstones |
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| Increased direct bilirubin, positive urine bilirubin, negative urine urobilinogen, pale stools |
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| Match the bilirubin results with the most likely condition: Prehepatic jaundice |
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| Incrased indirect bilirubin; increased urine urobilinogen |
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| What over-the-counter drug is highly toxic to the liver? |
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| acetaminophen |
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| What protein is decreased in liver disease, but also decreased in malnutrition and starvation? |
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| Albumin |
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| Name the coagulation test that, when prolonged, may be an indicator of diffuse liver disease. |
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| PT |
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| What liver enzyme is commonly elevated in bile duct obstructions? |
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| ALP & GGT |
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| What is the purpose of the caffeine accelerator in the J-G method for total bilirubin? |
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| Converts indirect bilirubin to water soluble form |
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| How should specimens for bilirubin analysis be stored? |
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| Protect from light |
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| How will hemolysis affect test results? |
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| Falsely decreases |
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| What methodology is commonly used to test for bilirubin in the serum of newborns? |
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| Direct spectro |
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| What is Delta bilirubin? |
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| Direct bilirubin bound to albumin |
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| In what condition will delta bilirubin be elevated? |
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| Severe obstruction |
