Test Questions on Exam 2 – Microbiology – Flashcards with Answers
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Unlock answersWhat are the symptoms of Botulism? |
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What are the sypmptoms of Staphylococcal food poisoning? |
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What are the symptoms of Clostridial food-poisoning? |
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What are the symptoms of Typhoid fever? |
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What are the sypmptoms of Typhoid fever after a few days? |
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How many people who recover from typhoid fever become carriers? |
5% |
What are the symptoms of Samonellosis? |
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What are the symptoms of cholera? |
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If left untreated, how many victims of cholera die? |
70% |
How do you get cholera? |
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What is the genus name for Botulism? |
Clostridium botulinum |
What is the genus name for Staphylococcal food poisoning? |
Staphylococcus aureus |
What is the genus name for Clostridial food-poisoning? |
Clostridium perfringenes |
What is the genus name for Typhoid fever? |
Salmonella typhi |
What is the genus name for Cholera? |
Vibrio cholerae |
What is the genus name for Peptic Ulcer? |
Helibacter pylori |
What is the genus name for Hemorrhagic colitis and its sequelae? |
Escherichia coli O157:H7 |
What is the genus name for Strep Throat? |
Streptococcus pyogenes |
What is the genus name for Diphtheria? |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
What is the genus name for Pertussis (Whooping Cough)? |
Bordetella pertussis |
What is the genus name for Meningitis? |
Neisseria meningitis Haemophilus influenzae |
What is the genus name for Tuberculosis? |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
What is the genus name for Legionairres Disease? |
Legionella pneumophila |
What is the genus name for Lebsiella pneumonia? |
Kelbsiella pneumoniae |
What is the genus name for Anthrax? |
Bacillus anthracis |
What is the genus name for Tetanus? |
Clostridium tetani |
What is the genus name for Gas Gangrene? |
Clostridium perfringenes |
What is the genus name for Lyme Disease? |
Borrelia burgdorferi |
What is the genus name for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever? |
Rickettsia rickettsii |
What is the genus name for Syphilis? |
Treponema pallidum |
What is the genus name for Gonorrhea? |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
What is the genus name for Chlamydia? |
Chlamydia trachomatis |
What is the genus name for Leprosy? |
Mycobacterium leprae |
What is the genus name for Staphylococcal Skin Disease and Toxic Shock Syndrome? |
Staphylococcus aureus |
What is the most dangerous form of food poisoning? |
Clostridium botulinum |
Is C. botulinum Gram - or Gram +? |
Gram + rod (spore former) |
How does the C. botulinum toxin create the symptoms? |
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How do you treat Botulism? |
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How do you treat Clostridial Food Poisoning? |
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How do you treat Salmonella typhi? |
Chloramphenicol |
How do you treat Salmonellosis? |
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How do you treat Cholera? |
Replace Fluid Loss (drink water with salts and glucose) |
How do you treat Peptic Ulcers? |
Tetracycline |
How do you treat E. coli? |
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How do you treat Streptococcus pyogenes? |
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How do you treat Diphtheria? |
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How do you treat Pertussis? |
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How do you treat Neisseria Meningitis? |
Antibiotics: rifampin, penicillin, sufonamides |
How do you treat Haemophilus Meningitis? |
Multiple antibiotics |
How do you treat Tuberculosis? |
Antibiotics |
How do you treat Strep. pneumonia? |
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How do you treat Klebsiella pneumoniae? |
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How do you treat Mycoplasma pheumonia? |
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How many untreated victims die from anthrax? |
80% |
How do you prevent anthrax? |
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How do you treat Tetanus? |
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What are the symptoms of E. coli? |
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What are the symptoms for Gas Gangrene? |
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What are the symptoms for Streptococcus pyogenes? |
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How long does Strep last? |
1 week |
What are the symptoms of Diphetheria? |
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What are the symptoms for Pertussis? |
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How do you diagnose Pertussis? |
symptoms and cultures of B. pertussis from throat |
What is the most common bacterial cause of meningitis? |
Haemophilus influenzae |
How do you diagnose Neisseria Meningitis? |
Gram negative diplococci in spinal fluid |
Who is most effected by Haemophilus Meningitis? |
Children that are 6 months to 2 yrs old, in a day care setting |
What are the symptoms for Haemophilus Meningitis? |
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In the 1900's, what was the leading cause of death in the U.S? |
Tuberculosis |
How many people with TB are sick within 3 months? |
10% |
What is Miliary TB? |
TB that has spread outside the lung |
How do you diagnose Tuberculosis? |
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How do you treat TB? |
antibiotics: isoniazid and rifampin for 6-9 months |
What is the disease of the poor? |
TB
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What is a Tuberculin test? |
Inject purified protein derivatives (PPD) from M. tuberculosis under the skin.
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How long does it take to culture TB? |
21 days to 6 weeks to see a colony |
1/3 of the worlds population is currently infected with what? |
TB bacillus |
What is the disease of Bronchial tubes and Lungs? |
Pneumonia |
How many bacterial pneumonia is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae? |
80% |
How can Legionella pneumophila live in such dilute environments? |
It can live inside protozoa... Tetrahymena |
What are the symptoms for Strep. pneumonia? |
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What is Pneumoniai called when it involves one lung? |
Lobar pneumonia |
What is Pneumoniai called when it involves both lungs? |
Double pneumonia |
What is Pneumoniai called when it scatters patches of infection? |
Bronchopneumonia |
How big is Mycoplasma pneumoniae? |
.2 microns |
What does the exotoxin for Tetanus do? |
Inhibits removal of acetylchlorine from the neuro-muscular junctions. ; **This is the opposite effect of botulinum toxin |
How is the tetanus toxin formed? |
Vegetative cells produce tetanospasmin |
What are the symptoms for tetanus? |
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What are the three ways humans can get anthrax? |
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What happens in Woolsorter's disease? and whose at risk? ; |
You inhale spores: pulmonary anthrax
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How do you get Gastrointestinal anthrax? |
Consumption of contaminated meat |
How do you get anthrax of the skin? |
contact with the skin contaminated surfaces |
What are the symptoms of skin anthrax? |
boil-like lesions with black crusty edges and septicemia |
How do you prevent Tetanus? |
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What is Dry Gangrene? |
Tissue death due to lack of blood flow, usually caused by circulatory blockage due to local tissue damage |
What is Moist Gangrene or Gas Gangrene |
Same as Dry, but C. perfringens invades dead tissue |
What toxins are secreted in gas gangrene? |
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In the Black Plague, what was the rat infected with? |
Yersinia pestis |
What are the two forms of the Black plague? |
Bubonic plague : rat - flea - man Pneumonic plague : human - human |
What are the symptoms of the Bubonic plague? |
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What are the symptoms of the Pneumonic plague? How is it spread? |
Spread by respiratory droplets Very Contagious!!! |
What are the death rates of the Bubonic Plague and Pneumonic plague? |
bubonic = 50% fatality pneumonica = 100% (ring around the rosie) |
What are the symptoms of Lyme Disease? |
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What happens if you have Lyme disease after 1 week to 4 months? |
stiff joints arthritis |
How big is Rocky Mt. Spotted fever? |
Small bacteria is .3 - .7 microns in diameter |
What are obligate intracellular bacteria? |
cannot make enough ATP and gets most of it ATP from the host cell |
What are the symptoms of the Rocky MT. spotted fever? Two weeks later? |
75% will die after two weeks if left untreated |
How do you treat Rickettsia rickettsii? |
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What makes the THIN spirochete in syphilis so difficult? |
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What are the Three stages of syphilis? |
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What happens in stage 1 of syphilis? |
A chancre develops: painless lesion
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What happens in the 2nd stage of syphilis? |
3-6 weeks later, the spirochete has spread throughout the body
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What is the MOST spontaneous recovery stage of syphilis? |
Secondary Stage |
What happens in the Tertiary Stage of syphilis? |
About 33% of untreated cases develop this final form of disease |
What stage of syphilis is no longer contagious? |
Tertiary Syphilis |
What is the third stage of syphilis characterized by? |
Gumma: soft granular lesion
Gummas are due to an immunological reaction to the spirochete which has been CLEARED from the body. |
What is Congenital syphilis? |
When the Spirochete is able to cross the placenta and infect the newborn. |
How do you diagnose Syphilis? |
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What happens to most cases of Neisseria Meningitis? Few Cases? |
Most cases - upper respiratory infection like influenza few cases - infection spreads to blood stream septimcemia overwhelms body in 2 hrs. -Death or -bacteria localize to meninges |
Where is Neisseria meningitis most prevalent? |
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How is Neisseria meningitis spread? |
Spread by Inhalation |
What does the C. diphtheriae toxin do? |
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What do you get 5 injections of at 2, 4, 6, 15 months, and 4-6 years old, and adults every 10 years? |
Diphtheria |
What are the sequelae of Strep Throat? |
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What happens when you have Rheumatic fever? |
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What happens when you have Glomerulonephritis? |
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How do you diagnose Strep Throat? |
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What is scarlet fever |
when strep throat is accompanied by a skin rash |
Why does S. pyogenes preven human white blood cells from engulfing the bacteria? |
Because it is Anti-phagocytic |
What creates the sore in H. pylori? |
the ammonia, and an H. pylori cytotoxin destroy mucous-secreting cells |
What is used to detect H. pylori? |
A urea breath test |
What is travelers diarrhea? |
When Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) penetrates the intestinal epithelium and produce a toxin that cause gastroenteritis |
When sanitation is lacking, what causes diarrhea in infants? |
Enterophatogenic E. coli (EPEC) |
What E. coli is often transmitted by undercooked ground beef or bagged spinach? |
Enterohermorrhagic E. coli |
What is the most common form of Enterohermorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)? |
serotype O157:H7 |
What are the silent reservoir for E. coli O157:H7 |
Cattle, sheep , goats, deer elk, birds, horse, cats, dogs |
Why is Cholera hard to get? |
It is extremely sensitive to stomach acid
You get it by ingesting large numbers of bacteria and a afew will pass the stomach |
What attaches itself to the intestinal wall and excretes an exotoxin that is an enterotoxin? |
Cholera toxin |
What happens when you are infected with Peptic Ulcer? |
It penetrates mucous and attaches to stomach wall, producing the enzyme urease that degrades urea. |
How can H. pylori survive in the pH 2 of the stomach? |
Ammonia neutralize the stomach acid in the immediate environment of the bacteria.
UREA (urease) -----Carbon Dioxide + Ammonia |
How do you prevent Salmonella? |
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S. typhi is transmitted by the five Fs: What are the five Fs? |
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True of False: the S. aureus toxin is resistant to heat.. so, heating the food does not destroy the toxin |
True |
True of False: 1oz of botulinum toxin can kill every one in the USA? |
True |
How do you prevent Botulism? |
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If spores are in the intestine, and the intestine is anaerobic, why don't we get botulism? |
Adult intestines are not a favorable environment for germination |
What are the modes of transmission for botulism? |
Foodborne botulism Wound botulism Infant botulism |
What was the Endemic in SW US? |
Sylvatic Plague - spread by squirrels and wild rodents |
What STD shows no symptoms in 50% of women? |
Gonorrhea |
What is Gonococcal ophthalmia? |
New borns eyes become infected as they move through the birth canal.
Thats why hospitals give 1% sliver nitrate.. or antibiotics into all newborn eyes at birth |
What is the incubation period for Chlamydia? |
1-3 weeks |
What STD has similar symptoms to gonorrhea, but milder? |
Chlamydia |
True or False: 85-90% of infected individuals of Chlamydia are asymptomatic |
True |
What is the most widespread STD in the USA? |
Chlamydia |
What is the incubation period of Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) |
3-6 years |
How do you treat Leprosy? |
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What is an infection at the base of a hair follicle? |
Folliculitis |
What is Impetigo derived from? |
S. aureus |
What is Toxic Shock Syndrome? |
When S. aureus produces one or more toxins.
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How do you prevent Streptococcus mutans? |
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What is the O-antigen in E. coli? |
Sugar on the outer surface of the bacterial cell |
What is the H-antigen in E. coli? |
Flagella protein |
What are the leading causes of foodborned E.coli? |
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What are some pre-harvest control of E. coli? |
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True or False: Decreasing or eliminating E. coli from cattle will decrease human disease |
True |
What type of cattle are most prevalent to have E. coli? |
immature animals (less then 2yrs old) |
True of False: 0157 spends more time outside than inside cattle? |
True - on the hair coat in water troughs can survive and multiply in cattle feed can survive and multiply in raw manure |