question

The scientific study of human social relationships, groups, and societies is known as: a. social science b. anthropology c. sociology d. psychology

answer

c. sociology

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of sociology? a. strict, highly specific rules and guidelines about how to theorize about any particular topic b. usage of research methods such as interviews, observations, surveys, and archival data c. adherence to the principle of social embeddedness d. an aim to understand and generate new knowledge about human behavior and social relations

answer

a. strict, highly specific rules and guidelines about how to theorize about any particular topic

question

Which of the following would NOT be considered a social science? a. sociology b. economics c. history d. biology

answer

d. biology

question

The idea that economic, political, and other forms of human behavior are fundamentally shaped by social relationships is referred to as: a. sociology b. social embeddedness c. relational theory d. social reciprocity

answer

b. social embeddedness

question

The ability to grasp the relationship between individual lives and larger social forces that shape them is referred to as: a. the \"glasses\" metaphor b. critical thinking c. sociological imagination d. sociological eye

answer

c. sociological imagination

question

Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of using the sociological imagination? a. understanding the relationship between personal troubles and public issues b. making a connection between biography and history c. using structural explanations to understand the individual experience d. assuming that a personal anecdote is indisputable evidence of a widespread phenomenon

answer

d. assuming that a personal anecdote is indisputable evidence of a widespread phenomenon

question

The ability of individuals and groups to exercise free will and to make social change is referred to as: a. structure b. agency c. free choice d. individualism

answer

b. agency

question

Patterned social arrangements that have an enabling or constraining effect on agency are referred to as: a. structure b. institutions c. free will d. socialization

answer

a. structure

question

The relationship between agency and structure is __________, as ___________. a. one-sided, agency influences structure b. one-sided, structure enables or constrains agency c. reciprocal, they both have an effect on one another d. nonexistent, there is no relationship between the two

answer

c. reciprocal, they both have an effect on one another

question

Which of the following would be the best example of structure, according to the text? a. President Barack Obama publicly announcing his support for gay marriage b. a gay rights activist marching in a protest c. a bisexual teenager coming out to their friends and family d. multiple states passing legislation that legalizes same-sex marriage

answer

d. multiple states passing legislation that legalizes same-sex marriage

question

The ability to evaluate claims about truth by using reason and evidence is referred to as: a. critical thinking b. sociological imagination c. scientific reasoning d. logical thought

answer

a. critical thinking

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of critical thinking? a. recognizing poor arguments b. telling a woman or person of color that his/her opinions are invalid because of personal bias c. rejecting statements not supported by evidence d. questioning one's own assumptions

answer

b. telling a woman or person of color that his/her opinions are invalid because of personal bias

question

Which of the following is NOT discussed as a factor in the development of sociological thinking? a. urbanization b. industrial revolution c. colonization and imperialism d. the enlightenment

answer

c. colonization and imperialism

question

Which of the following is NOT true of early founders of a sociological thought? a. They believed sociological understanding would create a more egalitarian, peaceful society. b. They sought to understand a society that was undergoing rapid change. c. Because of social and economic barriers for women and people of color, they were mostly upper-class, white men. d. They rejected scientific reasoning and logic.

answer

d. They rejected scientific reasoning and logic.

question

Accepted social behaviors and beliefs are referred to as: a. norms b. culture c. social status d. values

answer

a. norms

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of anomie? a. It can be defined as a social condition of normlessness. b. Individuals feel confused and anxious because they do not know how to interact with others. c. It is more common in demographically homogenous areas than in demographically heterogeneous areas. d. It can arise as a society transitions from a traditional, agricultural state to a modern, industrial state.

answer

c. It is more common in demographically homogenous areas than in demographically heterogeneous areas.

question

______________ argued that injustices such as slavery and women's inequality stunted a society's moral development. a. Auguste Comte b. Emile Durkheim c. Karl Marx d. Harriet Martineau

answer

d. Harriet Martineau

question

_______________ founded and named sociology as a discipline, pushing for a positivist society in which knowledge would be based on scientific reasoning and facts. a. Auguste Comte b. Emile Durkheim c. Karl Marx d. Harriet Martineau

answer

a. Auguste Comte

question

______________ established the first rules for conducting sociological research and examined the impact of a modern society on social solidarity. a. Auguste Comte b. Emile Durkheim c. Karl Marx d. Harriet Martineau

answer

b. Emile Durkheim

question

______________ believed that nearly all known societies are characterized by some system of division by economic class, which results in conflict as classes compete for wealth, power, and resources. a. Auguste Comte b. Emile Durkheim c. Karl Marx d. Harriet Martineau

answer

c. Karl Marx

question

_____________ refers to the way society is held together, while _________ are the laws that govern change. a. social statics, social dynamics b. formal laws, forces of adaptation c. social dynamics, social statics d. stability, unrest

answer

a. social statics, social dynamics

question

The bonds that unite the members of a social group is referred to as: a. culture b. social solidarity c. norms d. societal unity

answer

b. social solidarity

question

______________ solidarity refers to bonds based on specialization and interdependence, while _____________ solidarity refers to bonds based on shared customs, language, and beliefs. a. mechanical, organic b. modern, traditional c. organic, mechanical d. traditional, modern

answer

c. organic, mechanical

question

Competition between social classes over the distribution of wealth, power, and other valued resources in society is referred to as: a. capitalism b. economic conflict c. stratification d. class conflict

answer

d. class conflict

question

According to Karl Marx, in a capitalist society the ________________ acquire wealth by exploiting the labor of the ____________. a. proletariat/working class; bourgeoisie/ownership class b. capitalists; communists c. bourgeoisie/ownership class; proletariat/working class d. slave owners; enslaved people

answer

c. bourgeoisie/ownership class; proletariat/working class

question

According to Marx, the key difference between the working class and the capitalist class was: a. ownership of the means of production b. work ethic c. intelligence d. class status at birth

answer

a. ownership of the means of production

question

Formal organizations characterized by written rules, hierarchical authority, and a paid staff, intended to promote organizational efficiency, are referred to as: a. institutions b. universities c. bureaucracies d. government

answer

c. bureaucracies

question

Which of the following is NOT true of the early 20th-century brand of sociological thought known as the Chicago School? a. It is largely focused on social ills such as crime, homelessness, and poverty. b. Its founding members pioneered the field of urban sociology, as well as advanced the study of race relations. c. Female sociologists in the field were highly respected and recognized. d. The city or urban neighborhood was a common unit of study.

answer

c. Female sociologists in the field were highly respected and recognized.

question

Which of the following is NOT true of W. E. B. DuBois? a. He was a civil rights leader who condemned segregation and the racism of America. b. He wrote about double-consciousness, an inescapable awareness of being both black and American that African Americans experience. c. His ideas were often considered too radical for sociologists at the time of his writing. d. His ideas are considered outdated and have been debunked by modern black sociologists.

answer

d. His ideas are considered outdated and have been debunked by modern black sociologists.

question

____________ paradigms are concerned with large-scale patterns and institutions, while _______________ paradigms are concerned with social relations and interactions in specific, individual situations. a. institutional, individual b. macro-level, micro-level c. structural, individual d. micro, macro

answer

b. macro-level, micro-level

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of structural functionalism? a. emphasizes conflict and competition b. seeks to explain the functions of various social structures c. recognizes manifest, or obvious functions, as well as latent or hidden functions d. upholds the status quo

answer

a. emphasizes conflict and competition

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of conflict theory? a. explains social organization in terms of conflict and competition b. can be used to understand class, gender, and racial inequality c. addresses the question of who benefits and who loses in a given situation d. focuses solely on micro-level interactions

answer

d. focuses solely on micro-level interactions

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of symbolic interactionism? a. It is a micro-level paradigm. b. Many of the ideas originated with George Herbert Mead. c. Structural explanations are considered just as important as individual explanations. d. People understand themselves through their interaction with others.

answer

c. Structural explanations are considered just as important as individual explanations.

question

Talcott Parsons argued that men were socialized into ____________ roles to be rational workers, while women were socialized into _____________ roles to be emotional and sensitive caretakers. a. instrumental, expressive b. masculine, feminine c. expressive, instrumental d. intellectual, nurturing

answer

a. instrumental, expressive

question

Conservative politicians oppose gun control reform because they receive contributions from wealthy pro-gun lobbyists. Which perspective does this statement reflect? a. symbolic interactionism b. conflict theory c. functionalism d. feminism

answer

b. conflict theory

question

Elementary schools serve as childcare institutions, allowing more parents to participate in the workforce. Which perspective does this statement reflect? a. functionalism b. educational sociology c. symbolic interactionism d. conflict theory

answer

a. functionalism

question

Sororities assign some women as \"big sisters\" to provide advice to incoming \"little sisters\" to foster friendships and strengthen bonds. Which perspective does this statement reflect? a. feminism b. conflict theory c. structural functionalism d. symbolic interactionism

answer

d. symbolic interactionism

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a major theme of sociology, as outlined in the text? a. globalization b. power and inequality c. technological innovation d. the rise of communism

answer

d. the rise of communism

question

The ability to mobilize resources and achieve goals despite the resistance of others is referred to as: a. authority b. wealth c. power d. inequality

answer

c. power

question

The practical application of knowledge to transform natural resources for human use is referred to as: a. information revolution b. technology c. innovation d. industrialization

answer

b. technology

question

The choices we make as individuals have no effect on larger economic, political, and cultural structures. a. true b. false

answer

b. false

question

Early studiers of social life modeled sociology on the traditional natural and physical sciences, aiming to create a \"social physics\". a. true b. false

answer

a. true

question

According to Emile Durkeim, social facts are external to the individual, yet have a significant influence on our day-to-day behavior. a. true b. false

answer

a. true

question

Collective conscience, common beliefs and values that bind a society together, is a hallmark of organic solidarity. a. true b. false

answer

b. false

question

Karl Marx believed capitalism was a sustainable and necessary evil in society that would be perpetuated for hundreds of years. a. true b. false

answer

b. false

question

Max Weber believed modern society was increasingly characterized by rationality, as rules, regulations, and larger social structures played a greater role in people's decisions. a. true b. false

answer

a. true

question

The reason there are so few \"founding mothers\" is because women were not interested in sociology and did not write about social life. a. true b. false

answer

b. false

question

Sociological theories are logical, rigorous frameworks for the interpretation of social life that make particular assumptions and ask particular questions about the social world. a. true b. false

answer

a. true

question

Sociologist Talcott Parsons believed that although traditional gender roles were biologically predetermined, they were the root cause of gender equality and conflict. a. true b. false

answer

b. false

question

Symbols can refer to languages, words, gestures, images, tattoos, hairstyles, and clothing. a. true b. false

answer

a. true

question

Symbolic interactionism would argue that special handshakes, team bonding during road trips, and group chants are largely unimportant when researching the dynamics of a sports team. a. true b. false

answer

b. false

question

Gender inequality can be understood as differences in wealth, power, opportunity, and other valued resources for men versus women. a. true b. false

answer

a. true

question

The discrimination, harassment, and maltreatment Muslim Americans face in the United States may reflect powerful ethnocentric norms and values. a. true b. false

answer

a. true

question

Many nations today, including the United States, are characterized by a high degree of social diversity. a. true b. false

answer

a. true

question

Advances in technology have had little or no effect on the spread of globalization. a. true b. false

answer

b. false

question

Structural functionalism and symbolic interactionism are macro-level theories, while social conflict is a micro-level theory. a. true b. false

answer

b. false

question

The process of gathering empirical (scientific and specific) data, creating theories, and rigorously testing theories is known as: a. sociological method b. scientific method c. data collection d. theoretical reasoning

answer

b. scientific method

question

In sociological research, ideas about the world that describe a possible relationship between social phenomena are referred to as: a. theories b. correlations c. hypotheses d. causations

answer

c. hypotheses

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of qualitative research? a. forty in-depth interviews with residents of a suburban neighborhood b. field observations of people interacting and dancing in a nightclub c. content analysis of meme images on a popular blogging website d. 2,000 survey questionnaires that measure respondents' drug usage habits

answer

d. 2,000 survey questionnaires that measure respondents' drug usage habits

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of qualitative research? a. data is quantified or converted into numbers b. some methods include focus groups, interviews, and participant observation c. rich, in-depth data the investigates closely some phenomena d. small sample sizes

answer

a. data is quantified or converted into numbers.

question

Which of the following would NOT be considered a goal of quantitative research? a. to measure patterns of social behavior b. to measure social attitudes c. to explain a relationship between 2 variables d. to provide a rich, detailed description of some phenomena

answer

d. to provide a rich, detailed description of some phenomena

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good scientific theory? a. logically consistent b. it can be disproven or falsified c. it is not testable d. there is possibility for revision

answer

c. it is not testable

question

The term used to summarize a set of phenomena is: a. definition b. concept c. operationalization d. pattern

answer

b. concept

question

A variable is defined as: a. the description of a relationship b. a phenomena that is constantly changing c. a term used to summarize a set of phenomena d. a concept that can take on 2 or more possible values

answer

d. a concept that can take on 2 or more possible values

question

Which of the following would NOT be considered a quantitative value? a. the respondent's religious affiliation b. the number of times the respondent visits church per month c. amount of money the respondent donates to his/her church d. the number of hours spent volunteering with a church

answer

a. the respondent's religious affiliation

question

Which of the following would NOT be considered a qualitative variable? a. employment status b. occupation c. job title d. yearly salary

answer

d. yearly salary

question

The degree to which 2 or more variables are associated with one another is referred to as: a. causation b. statistical relationship c. correlation d. frequency

answer

c. correlation

question

A researcher finds that as years spent driving increases, the number of accidents decreases. This is an example of: a. negative causation b. negative correlation c. positive correlation d. decreasing relationship

answer

b. negative correlation

question

A researcher finds that as income increases, square footage of a respondent's home also increases. This is an example of: a. positive correlation b. positive causation c. negative correlation d. increasatory relationship

answer

a. positive correlation

question

What is Karl Popper's principle of falsification? a. To be scientific, a theory must lead to testable hypotheses that cannot be disproven. b. If a respondent is believed to have lied on a single question, all the responses must be thrown out. c. To be scientific, a theory must lead to testable hypotheses that can be disproved if they are wrong. d. For a theory to be accepted, all other competing theories must be disproven.

answer

c. To be scientific, a theory must lead to testable hypotheses that can be disproved if they are wrong.

question

The idea that concepts and measurements accurately represent what they claim to represent is referred to as: a. replication b. validity c. reliability d. falsifiability

answer

b. validity

question

Which of the following does NOT represent the concept of reliability? a. The major funder of a study is not allowed to be a part of the research process because it is considered a conflict of interest. b. A study conducted in 2012 supports a similar study conducted by another researcher in 2005. c. The hypothesis of one study is tested by 2 different researchers and they reach the same conclusion. d. A study is revisited every 10 years and has similar findings each time.

answer

a. The major funder of a study is not allowed to be a part of the research process because it is considered a conflict of interest.

question

A characteristic of results that systematically misrepresent the full dimensions of what is being studied is referred to as: a. conflict of interest b. misleading c. one-sided d. bias

answer

d. bias

question

The ability to represent the object of study accurately is referred to as: a. reliability b. validity c. objectivity d. falsifiability

answer

c. objectivity

question

The repetition of a previous study using a different sample or population to verify or refute the original findings is referred to as: a. verification b. replication c. validation d. reliability

answer

b. replication

question

Specific techniques for systematically gathering data are referred to as: a. data collection instruments b. sociological research tools c. research methods d. surveys

answer

c. research methods

question

A researcher is interested in how same-sex marriages have been represented on cable television since certain states have begun introducing related legislation. Which of the following would be the most appropriate research method? a. Content analysis of television shows that have featured LGBT characters b. Conducting interviews with gay or lesbian actors c. A national survey of Americans who watch 30+ hours of television each week d. An experiment that measures respondents attitudes about same-sex marriage after they view images of married same-sex couples

answer

a. Content analysis of television shows that have featured LGBT characters

question

Which of the following is another term used to describe fieldwork, the in-depth study of a group or community? a. ethnography b. casework c. environmental impact studies d. community research

answer

a. ethnography

question

A detailed conversation designed to obtain in-depth information about a person and his/her activities is referred to as: a. interview b. in-depth discussion c. questionnaire d. observation

answer

a. interview

question

Which of the following is an example of a leading question? a. Do you oppose increasing state funding for health clinics that target low-income women? b. Do you believe that harsher drunk driving laws decrease the number of car accidents? c. Wouldn't you agree that our president should be doing more to stop the deforestation of Brazil and subsequent displacement of thousands of people? d. Do you support legislation that decriminalizes marijuana?

answer

c. Wouldn't you agree that our president should be doing more to stop the deforestation of Brazil and subsequent displacement of thousands of people?

question

Which of the following is NOT typically included in the ethnical consideration portion of the research design process? a. ensuring respondent anonymity b. ensuring confidentiality c. keeping the respondent safe from physical and emotional harm d. ensuring the respondent answers truthfully

answer

d. ensuring the respondent answers truthfully

question

Creating an operational definition of a concept is an important part of the research process because it allows for the concepts to be observed and measured. a. true b. false

answer

a. true

question

Correlation is a synonym for causation. If 2 variables are associated with one another, then it means one variable causes the other. a. true b. false

answer

b. false

question

A good way to ensure validity in a research study is to compare 2 or more sources of data. a. true b. false

answer

a. true

question

A researcher stands on a street corner and surveys people who pass by about their opinion on contraception. Because the researcher interviewed an equal number of men and women, the researcher's study is free from bias. a. true b. false

answer

b. false

question

For scientific research to be objective it has to be value-neutral; personal beliefs and opinions should not influence the course of research. a. true b. false

answer

a. true

question

As long as the main idea gets across, question-wording is largely unimportant and has little effect on the subject's response. a. true b. false

answer

b. false

question

Sociologists have more freedom than ever before to conduct research studies without institutional oversight or ethical consideration. a. true b. false

answer

b. false

question

___________ reasoning starts from broad theories but proceeds to break them down into more specific and testable hypotheses. a. deductive b. hypothesis c. inductive d. grand theory

answer

a. deductive

question

______________ reasoning starts from specific data and tried to identify larger patterns from which to derive more general theories. a. logical b. inductive c. ground-level d. deductive

answer

b. inductive

question

____________________ variables include factors we can count, while __________________ variables are variables that express a quality and do not have a numerical value. a. numerical, categorical b. qualitative, quantitative c. quantitative, qualitative d. quantitative, categorical

answer

c. quantitative, qualitative

question

A _______________ relationship is one in which one variable is the cause of another variable. a. correlated b. causal c. positive d. statistical

answer

b. causal

question

A _________ refers to a relatively small number of people selected to represent a ___________, which is the entire group of interest. a. sect; population b. population; sample c. respondent list; population list d. sample; population

answer

d. sample; population

question

In an experiment, the ____________ variable is one changed intentionally to produce an effect, while the _______________ variable is one that is expected to change as a result. a. dependent; independent b. explanatory; categorical c. independent; dependent d. dependent; experimental

answer

c. independent; dependent

question

Sociologists who conduct _____________ research should give extra considerations to ethics, as subjects may engage in illegal or dangerous activities. a. participant observation b. survey c. experimental d. document analysis

answer

a. participant observation

question

For a study to be ____________, a researcher should report in precise detail the research methods and process. a. free of bias b. validated c. confirmed d. replicated

answer

d. replicated

question

The Nuremberg Code was adopted after the discovery of gruesome experiments conducted by the Nazis during World War II to serve as guidelines for ethical research. a. true b. false

answer

a. true

question

A study found that as amount of time spent exercising increased, smoking rates decreased. This is an example of a positive correlation. a. true b. false

answer

b. false

question

Cultural representations of social realities are referred to as: a. Images b. Symbols c. Trademarks d. Ethnographies

answer

b. symbols

question

Which of the following is not characteristic of the mass media? a. Medium of public communication b. Vehicle of transmitting popular culture c. intended to reach and influence a mass audience d. Highly inaccessible

answer

d. Highly inaccessible

question

What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? a. Our language, the words we use, shapes our perception of the social world. b. Culture is inescapable; everyone is influenced by culture. c. Control over language can be used as a tool of oppression. d. One's first language will always be dominant.

answer

a. Our language, the words we use, shape our perception of the social world

question

The beliefs, norms, behaviors, and products common to the members of a particular group are referred to as: a. Ethnicity b. Culture c. Society d. Class

answer

b. culture

question

The physical objects created, embraced, or consumed by society that help shape peoples' lives are referred to as: a. Real culture b. Nonmaterial culture c. Material culture d. Products

answer

c. material culture

question

The abstract creations of human cultures, including ideas about behavior and living, are referred to as: a. Philosophy b. Nonmaterial culture c. Material culture d. Theory

answer

b. nonmaterial culture

question

Which of the following is not an example of material culture? a. A restaurant building b. Waiter uniforms c. Pasta with marinara sauce d. Polite table manners

answer

d. polite table manners

question

Which of the following is not an example of nonmaterial culture? a. Textbooks b. Formal writing vocabulary and techniques c. The institution of higher education d. Respect for professors as authorities

answer

a. textbooks

question

Particular ideas that people accept as true are referred to as: a. Religion b. Cultural norms c. Values d. Beliefs

answer

d. beliefs

question

Common rules of a culture that govern the behavior of people belonging to it are referred to as: a. Laws b. Beliefs c. Norms d. Values

answer

c. norms

question

Which of the following would be considered a violation of a folkway? a. Cheating on an exam b. Not offering your bus seat to an elderly person c. Robbing a convenience store d. Shouting and swearing at the professor during class

answer

b. not offering your bus seat to an elderly person

question

Powerful mores, the violation of which is considered serious and even unthinkable, are referred to as: a. Criminal laws b. Commandments c. Taboos d. Fundamental values

answer

c. taboos

question

Which of the following is not characteristic of laws? a. Are always based on reason and logic b. Codified norms or rules of behavior c. Formalize and institutionalize society's norms d. Can be based on serious norms such as taboos and less serious norms such as folkways and mores

answer

a. Are always based on reason and logic

question

Abstract and general standards in society that define ideal principles such as right and wrong are referred to as: a. Laws b. Public opinions c. Religious beliefs d. Values

answer

d. values

question

Which of the following would be considered an American value? a. Creativity and innovation are useless—it is better to just follow the crowd. b. Hard work and effort will get you nowhere in life. c. Everyone deserves an equal chance to succeed. d. Laws and government decisions should be based on religious beliefs.

answer

c. Everyone deserves an equal chance to succeed.

question

The contradiction between the goals of ideal culture and the practices of real culture is referred to as: a. Ideal-real inconsistency b. Cultural inconsistency c. Cultural contradiction d. Ideal-real disconnect

answer

b. cultural inconsistency

question

The worldview whereby we judge other cultures by the standards of our own is referred to as: a. Patriotism b. Nationalism c. Ethnocentrism d. Multiculturalism

answer

c. ethnocentrism

question

The worldview whereby we understand the practices of another society sociologically, in terms of that society's own norms and values and not our own, is referred to as: a. Ethnocentrism b. Pluralism c. Multiculturalism d. Cultural relativism

answer

d. cultural relativism

question

A culture that exists together with a dominant culture but differs from it in some important respects is referred to as: a. Ethnicity b. Subculture c. Counterculture d. Subgroup

answer

b. subculture

question

Which of the following would not be considered counterculture? a. Religious cult rituals b. Rules of respect in graffiti crews c. Codes of conduct on Anonymous (a well-known \"hacktivist\" group) message boards d. Federal laws and guidelines

answer

d. federal laws and guidelines

question

Music, theater, literature, and other cultural products that are held in particularly high esteem in society are referred to as: a. Classy taste b. Upper-class culture c. High culture d. High taste

answer

c. high culture

question

The entertainment, culinary, and athletic tastes shared by the masses is referred to as: a. Mass culture b. Popular culture c. Low-brow culture d. Classless culture

answer

b. popular culture

question

The way class status is reproduced from generation to generation is referred to as: a. Socio-economic reproduction b. Social class reproduction c. Culture of poverty d. Class regeneration

answer

b. social class reproduction

question

Which of the following would not be considered a valuable form of cultural capital in dominant U.S. high culture? a. Knowing how to operate a tractor trailer truck b. Having parents who hold graduate degrees c. Having an \"ear\" for classical composers. d. Being able to distinguish between fine wines

answer

a. knowing how to operate a tractor trailer truck

question

The internalization of objective probabilities and the expression of those probabilities as choice are referred to as: a. Personal preference b. Socialization c. Cultural tastes d. Habitus

answer

d. habitus

question

Commitment to respecting cultural differences rather than submerging them into a larger, dominant culture is referred to as: a. Multiculturalism b. Cultural relativism c. Ethnocentrism d. Tolerance

answer

a. multiculturalism

question

Symbols are only written words, spoken languages, and images; actions and rituals would not be considered symbols. a. True b. False

answer

b. false

question

People can both shape and be shaped by culture. a. True b. False

answer

a. true

question

Beliefs can be based on faith, superstition, science, tradition, or experience. a. True b. False

answer

a. true

question

Violating a more is not considered offensive, as these are weak norms passed down from the past that people do not consider that important. a. True b. False

answer

b. false

question

Deeply entrenched values can be powerful and, in some cases, dangerous, as they are often used to justify or defend certain behaviors. a. True b. False

answer

a. true

question

Because ideal culture values, norms, and beliefs are often not reflective of real practices, they have little to no effect on how we perceive the world. a. True b. False

answer

b. false

question

The social organization of our lives is not \"natural.\" Rather, our norms, values, and practices are socially constructed. a. True b. False

answer

a. true

question

According to Pierre Bourdieu's theory of social class reproduction, the class one is born in is not necessarily important in determining what class one ends up in. a. True b. False

answer

b. false

question

_____ culture refers to the values, norms, and behaviors that people profess to embrace, while _____ culture refers to the values, norms and behaviors that people actually embrace and exhibit. a. ideal, real b. model, actual c. ideal, actual d. supreme, real

answer

a. ideal, real

question

\"Poverty exists because someone has to be on bottom. That's just the way life is.\" This statement reflects _____ beliefs. a. internalized b. doxic c. ethnocentric d. capitalist

answer

b. doxic

question

An _____ perspective reflects the standpoint of an outside observer, while an _____ perspective reflects that of an insider. a. emic, etic b. external, internal c. etic, emic d. inner, peripheral

answer

c. etic, emic

question

Imperialistic nations engaged in _____ desire to see their power, influence, and profits grow throughout the world. a. Colonization b. Grobalization c. Glocalization d. Imperialism

answer

b. Grobalization

question

_____ theorists would argue that elites use culture to gain or maintain power over other groups. a. Marxist b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionist d. Functionalist

answer

b. conflict

question

An example of _____ would be a child of two successful surgeons choosing to attend medical school because they say they have an interest in science and health. a. Culture b. Norms c. Habitus d. Ethnocentrism

answer

c. habitus

question

Rape culture is just a theory; it does not reflect the actual prevalence of rape in the United States. a. True b. False

answer

b. false

question

Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of global culture? a. Heavily influenced by American culture b. Spread via mass media such as Hollywood films and pop music c. Limited to Western countries in Europe, North America, and Australia d. Marked by dominance of fast-food chain restaurants

answer

c. Limited to Western countries in Europe, North America, and Australia

question

Which of the following statements does not reflect a conflict perspective on globalization? a. The spread of fast-food chain puts locally owned, independent restaurants out of business. b. The spread of corporations disconnects people from owning their own means of production. c. Unique, indigenous cultures become devalued and risk extinction. d. The spread of large corporations promotes stability and integration as people share similar working conditions.

answer

d. The spread of large corporations promotes stability and integration as people share similar working conditions.

question

According to some sociologists, we do not really have free will in the traditional sense. Our \"choices\" are limited by what is realistically made available to us based on larger structure. a. True b. False

answer

a. true

question

Multiple cultures cannot exist in any one country; eventually one culture will dominate and usurp the other. a. True b. False

answer

b. false

question

High culture tastes are natural and transmitted at birth. A person may change economic classes, but that person will never be able to change cultural class. a. True b. False

answer

b. false

question

Meanings to words in English-speaking countries are consistent. a. True b. False

answer

b. false

Exam #1 – Sociology (Spring 2017 Semester)

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