Exam 1 Questions Answers – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Which statement is true concerning the difference between adult and childhood cancers? (SATA) A) Childhood cancers are far less likely to be associated with genetic mutations B) Exposure to pesticides is a minor risk for the development of adult cancers. C) Maternal exposure to carcinogenic substances presents little risk to the fetus. D) Environmental risks are strongly associated with childhood cancers.
answer
A) less likely to be associated with genetic mutations
question
Which statement is true regarding pleomorphic cells? A) Pleomorhpic cells are similar in size B) Pleomorphic cells differentiate uniformly C) They share a common shape D) They are a result of anaplasia
answer
D) Result of anaplasia
question
Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized?
answer
Anaplasia
question
Inherited Mutations that predispose to cancer are almost invariably what kind of gene? A) Oncongenes B) Growth-promoting genes C) Proto-oncongenes D) Tumor-suppressor genes
answer
D) Tumor suppressor gene
question
How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase
answer
To switch off the telomerase to enable cells to divide indefinitely
question
By what process do cells multiply in the absence of external growth signals?
answer
Autocrine stimulation
question
Burkitt lymphoma designate a chromosome that has a piece of chromosome 8 fused to a piece of chromosome 14. This is an example of what mutation?
answer
Chromosome translocation
question
Which terms represent the correct nomenclature for benign and malignant tumors of adipose tissue, respictively?
answer
Lipoma, liposarcoma
question
It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding?
answer
Cancer is locally invasive
question
When are childhood cancers most often diagnosed?
answer
At the peak time of physical growth
question
Which statement supports the hypothesis that intestinal polyps are benign neoplasms and the first stage in the development of colon cancer?
answer
An accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required for the development of cancer.
question
The function of a tumor cell marker is to
answer
Screen individuals at high risk for cancer
question
Which statement is true regarding x-linked recessive conditions?
answer
These conditions are passed from affected father to all of his female children
question
The term for an error in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis or mitosis is
answer
Nondisjunction
question
What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant
answer
AB
question
When a child inherits a disease that is autosomal recessive. It is inherited from
answer
Both parents
question
A couple has two children diagnoses with an autosomal dominant disease. Probability the child will have the same genetic disease?
answer
1/2
question
People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of the genetic principle of
answer
Expressivity
question
Which is an important criteria for discerning autosomal recessive inheritance?
answer
Consanguinity is sometimes present
question
Males are more affected by which genetic disease
answer
Sex linked recessive
question
Consanguinity refers to the matter of persons:
answer
having common family relations
question
Why would an X linked recessive disease skip a generation?
answer
the disease can be transmitted through female carriers
question
What syndrome characterized by an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome exhibits short stature, wide nipples, webbed neck?
answer
Turner syndrome
question
Characteristic cry:
answer
Cru de Chat
question
Common cause of downsyndrome
answer
Maternal nondisjunction
question
What clinical manifestations would be expected for a child who has complete trisomy of the 21st chromosome?
answer
An IQ of 25-70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, flat face
question
Klinefelter syndrome?
answer
XXY- nondisjunction of the X chromosome in the mother
question
Second most common genetic retardation
answer
Fragile X syndrome
question
Genetic disease has been linked to a mutation of the tumor suppressor gene
answer
Retinoblastoma
question
Huntington's disease is caused by what type of genetic inheritance
answer
Autosomal dominant 50% chance
question
Presence of zygote having one chromosome with normal complement of sense and one missing gene is characteristic of which genetic disorder
answer
Cru de Chat
question
The BRAC1 and BRAC2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women
answer
Ovarian
question
Studies have identified several genes that play a role in the prevention of obesity
answer
Regulation of obesity
question
Micro RNA are methylated their messenger RNA targets are over expressed, the resulting existing cancer would be
answer
Metastasis
question
A malfunction in DNA methylation can lead to
answer
Cancer
question
Hypo-methylation and the resulting effect on oncogenes results in
answer
an increase in tumor progression from benign to malignant
question
Which statement concerning benign tumors is true?
answer
Well differentiated, resulting pain is severe
question
Characteristic of benign tumors
answer
Suffix of oma-
question
Two hits are required to inactivate tumor suppressor genes because
answer
Each allele must be altered, and each person has two copies, or alleles, of each gene, one from each parent
question
What is true regarding cancers in the development of children?
answer
Childhood cancers are generally metastasized by time of diagnosis
question
Prenatal exposure to DES can result in
answer
Vaginal cancer
