question

T/F: The prolonged training of physicians erodes their professionalism

answer

False

question

T/F: There are far more medical schools in the US today than there used to be in the 1800s

answer

False

question

T/F: The Flexner Report of 1910 found that nearly all medical schools were up to a very good standard

answer

False

question

T/F: When hospitals served as centers of religious practice they primarily catered to the wealthy

answer

False

question

T/F: The epidemiology transition is a period marked by a transition from chronic to infectious diseases

answer

False

question

T/F: A life course perspective focuses solely on a specific point in the life course

answer

False

question

T/F: Demographers and epidemiologists have never diverged in their academic objectives

answer

False

question

T/F: Social epidemiologists have found a common research agenda with demographers

answer

True

question

T/F: Epidemiologists only study infectious diseases

answer

False

question

T/F: In founding modern epidemiology, Dr. John Snow identified yeast from bread makers as the source of cholera outbreaks in London, England

answer

False

question

T/F: Current epidemiologists have proposed that we are entering a fourth era of epidemiology, defined by multidisciplinary causes of disease including reemerging infectious diseases

answer

True

question

T/F: The Framingham Study helped unravel the major causes of heart disease

answer

True

question

T/F: Curranderos and curranderas tend to view suffering as a part of God's play, much like Spanish Catholic tradition, which believes that Christ suffering on the cross was beneficial

answer

True

question

T/F: Racial/ethnic minorities or people with lower socioeconomic backgrounds tend to use folk and faith healers the most

answer

True

question

T/F: The american Medical Association (AMA) conspired to destroy the field of osteopathy

answer

False

question

T/F: Patients are typically referred to chiropractors by their biomedical physicians

answer

False

question

T/F: Doctors of osteopathy undergo training through an internship and residency

answer

True

question

T/F: The majority of patients who use complementary and alternative medicine do not see a general practitioner first

answer

False

question

Patients report the following reason(s) for using complementary and alternative medicine: A. more time with the doctor B. a more holistic approach C. care providers rely more on patients knowledge of their own symptoms D. concern with side effects of biomedicine E. enjoy the experience F. Believe it will help their health G. all of the above

answer

G. All of the above

question

What is sociology?

answer

Scientific study of society, including patters of social relationships, social interaction, and culture

question

Key points of the history of medical sociology

answer

1. Historical overlap between medicine, medical sociology, and public health 2. Schift between social and biological causes of medicine 3. Parallel rise in disciplines of medicine and medical sociology in 20th century

question

What did the Chadwick report of 1842 do?

answer

Connected social conditions to health and illness

question

What did Rudolph Virchow (1848) say? What did he study?

answer

"Medicine is a social science" Typhus fever

question

What is the moral concept of illness?

answer

Moral people stayed healthy while the immoral became sick

question

Turning point of the concept of health and illness in the US was...

answer

The Civil War

question

When was the beginning of social medicine?

answer

20th century

question

When was an organization of public health structure prompted?

answer

20th century

question

Bacteriology studied:

answer

Germ theory

question

What is path dependence, as it related to the US health care system

answer

A timeline of the history of medicine in the US that led to the system we have today

question

What was the end result of the path the US health care system took?

answer

Categorical health care system and employer-based

question

What in the timeline changed the support of the AMA for National Health Insurance?

answer

1927 Committee on the Costs of Medical Care

question

Describe the health care experience in the 19th century in relation to hospital vs home

answer

Hospital: Payment was direct, no privacy, people went to just die Home: by lay people, the fam (women)

question

Describe the health care experience in the 20th century in relation to hospital vs home

answer

Hospital: more protective wear, new technology, new reasons to provide care, national institution, decentralized, more acceptable, trained physicians and nurses due to the Flexner report Homes: secondary role for families

question

Medical knowledge in the 19th century

answer

Not segregated by profession

question

2 key facts in the medical knowledge in the 20th century

answer

Germ theory and technology

question

The germ theory and technology changed what in the 20th century?

answer

Image of medicine, visibility of the physician, elevated prestige of the physician

question

Medical authority in the 19th century

answer

Individual character, lay attitudes, and patient-provider relationships

question

Medical authority in the 20th century

answer

Credentials, institutional affiliations

question

Explain how the economic power became a business

answer

Strengthened authority led to limited supply in licensing led to standardized "product" led to Higher $ returns

question

Demography 101

answer

Epidemiology transition

question

What is the epidemiology transition?

answer

Period where chronic diseases replace infectious diseases as the major causes of mortality

question

The 4 epidemiology transitions as types of mortality transitions

answer

1. Age of infectious epidemics and famine 2. Age of receding pandemics 3. Age of noncommunicable diseases 4. Age of delayed mortality

question

Why do we live longer today?

answer

Better sanitation

question

Life course perspective

answer

???

question

Risk-factor vs social epidemiology

answer

Risk-factor: focus on individual environmental, lifestyle, biological or genetic causes of disease or illness Social: Population based

question

Epidemiology

answer

Study of epidemics by "disease detectives" (epidemiologists).

question

What do epidemiologists primarily focus on?

answer

Health of populations, rather than the individual

question

Incidence vs Prevalence

answer

Incidence: number of new cases Prevalence: number of total cases

question

Odds ratio

answer

odds that an exposed person develops disease ____________________________________ odds that a non-exposed person develops disease

question

Causal Agents

answer

1. Biological 2. Nutritional 3. Chemical 4. physical 5. Social

question

Major eras of Epi

answer

1. Sanitary (early 19th) 2. Infectious (late 19t-mid-20th) 3. Chronic (second half of 20th) 4. Eco-epidemiology (21st)

question

Example of sanitary era

answer

Cholera

question

Example of infectious era

answer

Polio

question

Example of chronic era

answer

Smoking

question

Example of Eco-epi

answer

Ebola outbreak

question

Do physicians criticize their colleagues?

answer

No

question

Do professionals have protection by the state?

answer

Yes

question

When was the Golden Era of doctoring?

answer

Middle of the 20th century (1950s)

question

What three components made up the golden era?

answer

1. Professionalization 2. Medical knowledge 3. Economic power

question

Were escalated prices and overcharging part of the golden era?

answer

Yes

question

Was fee-for-service payment structure part of the golden era?

answer

Yes

question

When was the end of the golden era?

answer

Late 20th century

question

What caused the end of the golden era?

answer

1. Corporatization 2. Competition 3. Globalization 4. Technology reliance 5. Changing doctor-patient relationships 6. Fragmentation of the physicians' union (AMA) 7. Rising health care costs- managed care

question

How did doctoring become corporatized?

answer

Physicians provide care in increments, restricted by time and required quota, creates assembly-line medicine

question

What is meant by globalization?

answer

Over or under-supply of doctors internet lay knowledge

question

What did reliance of technology cause?

answer

Body seen as a machine Demystification of the body

question

How did health care cost change from the golden era?

answer

Fee-for-service to Third-party payer (health insurance)

question

How do we define alternative or complementary medicine? (Alternative to...?)

answer

Alternative to biomedicine

question

Osteopaths/Chiropractors: Views the neuromuscular system as vital

answer

osteopaths

question

Osteopaths/Chiropractors: Manipulation of bones in spinal column

answer

chiropractors

question

Osteopaths/Chiropractors: Has training similar to MDs

answer

osteopaths

question

Osteopaths/Chiropractors: not recognized by the AMA

answer

chiropractors

question

Osteopaths/Chiropractors: Reimbursed by Medicare

answer

chiropractors

question

Who uses CAM?

answer

Middle- or working-class social backgrounds (women>men) Racial/ethnic minorities or lower social groups

question

Describe Lia Lee's story

answer

4 year old had epilepsy; family believed these seizures were a gift of "seeing," did not allow medicine, had a fatal seizure that caused her to be in a vegetative state until twenty something... when she died.

Test Questions on Exam 1 – Flashcards with Answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards