Evolution of the Health Science Industry – Flashcards
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shamans
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healing priests
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Trepanation
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an ancient surgical procedure that involved drilling through the skull of a patient
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bloodletting
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involved drawing small quantities of blood from a patient to cure an illness.
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Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
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founded on the principles of using herbs for healing and treating illness and is based largely on energy and the concepts of living in balance
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Ayurveda
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one of the oldest medical systems in the world, and is still practiced today.
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Practitioners of this type of ancient medicine believe in balance and interconnectivity, and they practice acupuncture.
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Traditional Chinese Medicine
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This practice aims to integrate and balance the whole body, including the mind, body, and spirit, and uses such treatments as yoga and meditation.
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Ayurveda
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Hippocrates
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believed that diseases had scientific — or natural — origins, instead of spiritual causes.
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Hippocratic Oath
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named after Hippocratic and is the standard of ethics for medical practitioners.
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Aristotle
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considered the "Father of Science"
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Aristotle
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was a Greek philosopher and scientist who studied medicine, and performed medical research and observations on humans and animals.
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700 BCE was an important time; the first ________ was opened in Greece.
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medical school
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Galen
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was one of the first known Roman surgeons, although he was of Greek descent
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Galen
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was considered one of the greatest surgeons of his time, having performed brain and eye surgeries that were not attempted again for nearly two millennia.
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Galen
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was one of the originators of anatomy
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Al-Razi
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was both an experimenter and observer, and served as a director at a large hospital in Baghdad.
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Al-Razi
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was a driving force behind medicine in the ancient Middle East.
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Ancient ________ recognized the importance of public health.
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Romans
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flint tips
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small stone arrowheads, were used to make holes in a patient's teeth.
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What medical procedure is associated with the cupping vessels found by archaeologists?
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bloodletting
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Western world
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a term that was originally used to mean Europe, but is now used to include European societies, descendants of Europeans in other countries, and countries with large populations of people of European descent, such as the United States.
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printing press
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a device that applies pressure to an inked surface resting on paper or parchment, thus transferring the ink.
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Ambroise Pare
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served as the official royal surgeon for Kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III.
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Which of the following developments occurred between the fourteenth and nineteenth centuries?
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-printing press -antiseptic ointments
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Etiology
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the study of the causes of disease.
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consolidation of the germ theory
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a theory based on the origins of infections
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Edward Jenner
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a physician who, in the late eighteenth century, experimented with the first vaccine, which was for smallpox
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Louis Pasteur
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a nineteenth-century French medical professional deeply involved with the invention of the rabies vaccine.
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pasteurization
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a method to stop the spoiling of milk and wine, which had a positive impact on people's health.
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Disease prevention
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the process of taking preventative measures to ensure the health and well-being of oneself and others.
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Joseph Lister
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a British surgeon of the nineteenth century, introduced the concept of surgeons washing their hands between treating patients to reduce the risk of transferring disease from one patient to the next.
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Antibiotics
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substances produced by certain fungi and bacteria that are used to destroy disease-causing organisms within the human body
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Paul Erlich
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a German scientist in the early 1900s who developed Salvarsan, an effective treatment against syphilis made up of special organic compounds
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Syphilis
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an infectious disease transmitted by direct sexual contact or passed from a mother to an unborn child.
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Alexander Fleming
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discovered penicillin, in 1928
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Penicillin
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a group of antibiotics produced naturally by specific blue molds; it can also be produced using man-made compounds.
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Florence Nightingale
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a nurse who provided wound care to soldiers during the Crimean War in the mid-nineteenth century, made influential changes to the nursing profession.
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In the US, the 1990s were called "The Decade of the Brain" because
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the brain was studied to better understand mental health.
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The ancient Egyptians used the practice of _______ to cure certain illnesses.
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bloodletting
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Traditional Chinese Medicine relied on the practice of ________ , which uses needles for pressing into pressure points on the body.
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acupuncture
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In ancient India, people relied on natural remedies for health, including massages, meditation, and ______
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yoga
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Who were some of the ancient medical practitioners?
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-Hippocrates -Aristotle -Galen
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The Romans were concerned with making efforts to improve ________ because they felt citizens should be healthy.
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public health
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Evidence suggests that the ancient Romans had a very formal medical system. It included which of the following?
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-medical schools -physician apprenticeships -hospital facilities
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In ancient times, flint tips were used for ______.
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Dental fillings
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Scalpels were discovered and associated with the practice of _________.
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embalming
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_______ were tools that were discovered and associated with being able to grab parts of the human body.
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Forceps
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Which of the following enhanced the ability to share information throughout the medical community?
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printing press
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Who was responsible for the invention of surgical procedures, such as using antiseptic ointments and tying up arteries during amputations?
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Ambroise Pare
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______ developed the vaccine for smallpox.
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Edward Jenner
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_______ came up with a process to keep wine and milk from spoiling.
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Louis Pasteur
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________ developed the treatment Salvarsan, which laid the foundation for future antibiotics.
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Paul Erlich
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__________ is credited with inventing penicillin.
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Alexander Fleming
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___________ was a nurse who changed the course of the nursing profession.
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Florence Nightingale
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Which of the following is found in modern medicine, but not in ancient medicine?
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-X-ray machines -MRI's
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Which of the following were found in ancient medicine, and are still used today?
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-catheters -scalpels -forceps
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the evolution of mental health?
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Doctors did not know how to treat mental health patients in the past, but have learned how to do so.
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How did Florence Nightingale contribute to the evolution of the nursing profession?
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She opened the first formal schooling program for nursing students.
