question

in 1905, who published "the electro-dynamics of moving bodies?"

answer

einstein

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the quantum theory of energy developed by max planck raised fundamental questions about the

answer

subatomic realm of the atom and the basic building blocks of the material world

question

in freud's theory of psychoanalysis, the seat of reason is the

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ego

question

social darwinism was

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the application of the principle of organic evolution to social order

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using darwin's terminology. Herbert Spencer argued that

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human societies were organisms evolving through time by struggling with their environments

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pope leo III responded to modern ideas in all of the following ways except

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embracing marxist socialism

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the greatest difference between naturalism and realism in literature was

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in general, naturalism was more pessimistic than realism

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the author whose work emphasizes suffering and faith as the means for the human soul to be purified was

answer

fyodor dostoevsky

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the artist whose work garnered the highest price at the first impressionist auction was

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berthe morisot

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which of the following art movements was not prominent in the three decades prior to WW1?

answer

surrealism

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at its premier, Igor Stravinsky's Rite of Spring, now considered as a classic example of modernism in music and ballet

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caused a riot by the audience bc of its sharp dissonance and blatant sensuality

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the pioneer in nursing who founded the female association of the care of the poor and sick was

answer

amalie sieveking

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to advance the cause of women's suffrage, the Women's social and political union founded by emmeline pankhurst and her daughgters

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took a radical, public, and well publicized approach to the movement, employing different media and provocative public actions, like pelting male politicians with eggs

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during the 29th cent, jews

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were emancipated in most countries, but still faced restrictions

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maria montessori exemplifies rhe "new woman" of modern times in that

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she obtained a professional degree and applied her expertise to new fields of inquiry like early childhood development

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theodor herzl, the leader of the zionist movement

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advocated the creating of a jewish state in palestine

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britain's fabian socialists

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favored evolution toward a socialist state by democratic means

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among the notable achievements of the british liberals under lloyd george was

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passage of the national insurance act of 1911 providing sickness and unemployment benefits to workers

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the event which exemplified renewed anti-semitism in france in the late 19th cent. was the

answer

dreyfus affair

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the pan-german league advocated

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anti-liberal policies including the development of a global german colonial empire to unite all classes of citizens at home

question

which of the following progressive-era laws went into effect during woodrow wilson's tenure as pres in the U.S.?

answer

graduated federal income tax

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which of the following was not an argument to justify imperialism at the turn of the century?

answer

to lessen the burden of excess european population, especially criminals and other "undesirables"

question

the boer war was fought by the british in

answer

south africa

question

germany entered the ranks of the imperialist powers by establishing african colonies including

answer

the cameroons

question

the "open door" policy was to allow more freedom of trade in so-capped spheres of influence in

answer

china

question

the meji restoration in japan

answer

sent many japanese abroad to be educated in the ways of the west and adopted many western reforms in political and military organization

question

british rule brought all of the following to india in the late 19th cent except

answer

political democracy

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the basis of the bismarckian system was

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the isolation of france through a series of military alliances

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the triple alliance before 1914 included?

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germany, austria, italy

question

the triple entente before 1914 included?

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britain, france, russia

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the primary antagonists in the balkans region were

answer

serbs and austrians

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the 2nd battle of the marne was

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the end of germany's final, futile effort to win the war

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in the aftermath of WW1, birthrates in europe

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declined noticeably as a result of the death and maiming of a generation of young mean

question

the ethnic group that suffered a million dead as victims of genocide during WW1 were the

answer

armenians

question

the chief motivation of georges clemenceau's terms of armistice was to

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punish germany and gain security for france

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the treaty of versailles

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forced germany to acknowledge "war guilt" and to pay reparations for its alleged wartime aggression

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as a result of WW1, eastern europe

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witnessed the emergence of many new nation-states

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which of the following trends helped lead to the outbreak of the great war?

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the belief of european states that they had to uphold the power of their allies for thei rown internal security

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the great war annihilated which of the following basic precepts on which western civilization seemed to have been founded?

answer

belief in progress

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among the 19th cent european political movements, the one most responsible for triggering ww! was

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nationalism

question

the "blank check" had the effect of

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encouraging austria to attack serbia

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the rivalry between russia and aistria-hungary for domination of the new states in southeastern europe played out largely through a conflict involving

answer

serbia

question

as early as july 28,1914 european diplomats were becoming incapable of slowing a rush toward war mainly bc

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the complex, rigid and demanding mobilization plans devised by european army genrals made immediate military action essential

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in aug. 1914, the general perception of the upcoming war among europeans was that

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the war would be very short

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most important consequence of the first year of WW1 was

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a deadly stalemate on the western front as a result of the failure of german war plans

question

during 1914, in contrast to the events in western europe, the war in the east

answer

was marked by mobility

question

how many men died during the 10 month battle of verdun?

answer

700,000

question

posion gas was introduced in

answer

1915

question

as soldiers on both sides realized that no one could gain an advantage in trench warfare

answer

daily life for the soldier became increasingly squalid and miserable in rat-infested tranches

question

in 1914, the ottoman empire joined the war on the side of

answer

germany

question

the tank was introduced by

answer

the british

question

the entry of the u.s into WW1 in april 1917

answer

gave the nearly-defeated allied powers a psychological boost

question

the chief reason for the U.S> entry into WW1

answer

german violations of the principles of neutrality and freedom of the seas

question

the famous All quiet on the western front

answer

exposed the grim realities of trench warfare

question

which of the following powers seized german-held territories in the pacific?

answer

all of the above

question

economically WW1

answer

witnessed european gvmt gradually take full control of all aspects of their economies

question

as public morale and support for the war ebbed

answer

police powers were expanded to include the arrest of all dissenters as traitors to the state

question

evidence that the russians struggled to mobilize for total war can be found in the fact that they conscripted millions of men but could only arm

answer

25%

question

one socioeconomic group that clearly benefited from WW1 was

answer

large industrialists

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internal opposition to the war in european nations came largely from

answer

liberals and socialists appalled by the scaled of the human skaughter

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the women workers of WW1 played an important role in

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gaining women the right to vote in some countries immediately following the war

question

the collapse of russia's tsarist regime in march 1917 was aided by all of the following except

answer

the leadership of the mensheviks in forming the new provisional gvmt

question

which of the following statements best applies to nicholas II's tsarist regime?

answer

aelxandra, nicholas' wife, kept him isolated from the reality of domestic disturbances

question

V.I. Lenin

answer

as a leader of the bolshevikes, promised "peace, land, and bread"

question

following the bolshevik seizure of land which had already been seized by peasants

answer

lenin ratified the redistribution of land which had already been seized

question

the 1918 treaty of brest-litovsk between russia and germany resulted in russia's loss of

answer

all of the above

question

The experimental work of early twentieth-century physicists challenged and ultimately invalidated

answer

Newton's rational, mechanical conception of the universe.

question

Inquiry into the disintegrative processes within atoms became a central theme in the new physics in part due to the experimental work of

answer

Marie and Pierre Curie on radium and radiation

question

Friedrich Nietzsche

answer

believed that Christianity had deeply undermined the creative power of western civilization.

question

According to Houston Stewart Chamberlain, the Aryans were

answer

the real creators of western culture.

question

The higher criticism of the Bible championed by the French Catholic scholar Ernst Renan

answer

questioned the historical accuracy of the Bible and denied the divinity of Jesus.

question

In his encyclical De Rerum Novarum (1891), Pope Leo XIII

answer

asserted that much in socialism was Christian in principle`

question

Modernism in music included all of the following elements except

answer

the exclusive use of extremely regular rhythms.

question

The first professional occupation to be opened up to women was

answer

teaching

question

In general, by the late nineteenth century, the worst treatment of the Jews occurred in

answer

europe

question

In order to implement the Liberal Party's social reform program, David Lloyd George radically curtailed the power of the

answer

house of lords

question

Among the notable achievements of the British Liberals under Lloyd George was

answer

passage of the National Insurance Act of 1911 providing sickness and unemployment benefits to worker

question

Growing tensions in modern German society were exemplified by

answer

the proliferation of ultra-nationalist right-wing political groups with anti-Semitic, racist, and imperialist beliefs.

question

Russia's disastrous defeat in the Russo-Japanese war indirectly led to the

answer

revolution of 1905

question

The Bismarckian System had the ultimate result of

answer

dividing Europe into two opposing groups of nations making war more likely.

question

Marie Curie won two Nobel prizes for her achievements in

answer

physics and chemistry

question

in Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, the superego is the center of our

answer

moral conscience

question

Growing tensions in modern German society were exemplified by

answer

The proliferation of ultra-nationalist right-wing political groups with anti-Semitic, racist, and imperialist beliefs

question

Who said, "All this colonial business is a sham, but we need it for the elections."

answer

otto von bismarck

question

The Pan-German League advocated

answer

Anti-liberal policies including the development of a global German colonial empire to unite all classes of citizens at home

question

Italian leader Giovanni Giolitti used which of the following methods to consolidate his power in the years preceding WWI?

answer

transformismo

question

Before the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the general outlook for the future by most Europeans was

answer

highly optimistic with material progress expected to create an earthly utopia.

question

The immediate cause of World War I was

answer

the assassination of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo.

question

Which pair of nations had not practiced conscription prior to World War I?

answer

britain and america

question

The Schlieffen Plan was designed to prevent

answer

a two front war

question

What was the state that was a thorn in Austria-Hungary's side and a primary cause of World War I?

answer

serbia

question

On the eve of the outbreak of war in Europe in 1914, William II of Germany

answer

attempted to engage Nicholas II in a diplomatic dialogue to possibly avoid war

question

What underlying motive led Great Britain to declare war on Germany?

answer

British desire to maintain world power

question

Most Europeans believed that the Great War would

answer

be an exciting, emotional release from the otherwise dull and boring existence of mass society

question

The development of trench warfare in France was characterized by

answer

long periods of boredom broken by artillery barrages and frontal assaults by enemy troops

question

the tank

answer

would play a larger role in World War II than in World War I.

question

In World War I, the Turkish Ottoman Empire fought on the side of

answer

austria and germany

question

The fact that European states fighting in World War I had to effectively organize masses of men and material for years of deadly combat led to

answer

all of the above

question

As public morale and support for the war ebbed

answer

police powers were expanded to include the arrest of all dissenters as traitors to the state.

question

lenin's april these

answer

outlined a specifically Russian movement toward socialism without first going through a bourgeois revolution

question

The Bolshevik takeover in November 1917 could best be described as

answer

an armed takeover of the capital.

question

The 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty between Russia and

answer

to get peace, Lenin gave up Finland, the Ukraine, Poland, and the Baltic states

question

in World War I, it is estimated that ____ soldiers died and ____ were wounded

answer

eight or nine million, twenty-two million

question

At the end of World War I, the Austrian Empire

answer

dissolved

question

For Woodrow Wilson, the most important thing after the war was to

answer

assure acceptance of 14 pts

question

The feature of the Versailles Treaty that most Germans found very hard to accept was

answer

Article 231, the "War Guilt Clause" which imposed heavy war reparations on Germany.

question

After World War I, the United States Senate voted to

answer

renounce the Treaty of Versailles that Wilson had negotiated

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